Speed was almost the same at first, but after I've downloaded and installed the softwares I needed to run on the computer (eg. Open Office, Mplayer and so on), it was slightly slower compared to Vector Linux. That's the price we pay for graphics I guess. Overall, I would choose Vector Linux as it was faster but wait.... when I installed Vector Linux on my computer, I logged in using a different desktop environment which was Fluxbox. It was way faster and not bad looking. It will be hard at first to get used to it, but I do enjoy the speed and the graphics are ok. It has the AWN kind of dock or a dock like MAC, not exactly the same but almost and it is fast not slow like AWN.

I guess the nest would be Linux Mint(fluxbox) and Fluxbuntu. Why? It's because it is based on Ubuntu so that means it would be easier to handle compared to Slackware and others which most people don't want to learn. If you're more into technology then you should try out something harder like downloading debian, gentoo, slackware or any other major distros and start from the basics.

Screenshot of Xubuntu:

We're now going to spend some time in the Xfce Settings Manager.  This will let us further customize things to our liking.  To get there, go to your menu then to Settings then to Settings Manager.  This brings up a window with several options.  I'm going to detail how I have mine set up but, as always, feel free to make it look and work the way you like it.

First the Desktop options.  On the Appearance tab click on Show Image and this will replace the solid blue background with a wallpaper image.  We'll select a different one so next to the area that says File click on the button that looks like a folder and you can select a new wallpaper.  I chose xfce-in-the-moon.png which looks nice.  Now click on the Behavior tab and down at the bottom it'll give you options to show icons on the desktop for various objects.  I only like icons for home and trash so I unchecked the others.

Most of the other options I left alone.  The Panel option brings up the Panel Settings that we worked with last time.  Under Sessions and Startup I unchecked Show hibernate button and show suspend button as my computer doesn't handle either of those.  On Splash Screen I chose Xubuntu.  This will give you a nice little animation when your computer is starting up.  You can check it out with the Test button.

Under User Interface we're going to change the theme.  The default Xfce theme is very bland so I chose Xfce-cadmium which looks alot nicer.  Under Window Manager I left it on the default option but you can have fun with all the different window looks.  Under Window Manager Tweaks I didn't change anything but if your computer has the horsepower you can go to the Compositor tab and choose enable display compositing.  This will give you some nice transparency effects but it can slow your computer down.

Last, under Workspaces and Margins you'll find Xubuntu starts you out with four workspaces.  I didn't want multiple workspaces on my computer so I changed this to 1.  Multiple workspaces are nice but for a computer that my kids will be using a lot I don't want to have to deal with "where did everything go?"  If you do plan to use multiple workspaces you'll want to make a tweak to your top panel.  Leave the Settings Manager and right-click on the top panel, Add New Item and chose Pager.  This will give you an easy way to move between your different workspaces.

One last thing I like to change has to do with the way files are displayed.  On your desktop, open your Home folder.  On the menu at the top go to View -> Location Selector -> and I like Toolbar Style instead of Pathbar Style.

Now we're going to install some more things from Synaptic.  Look for and install the following:

1. conky (a cool system monitor we'll configure later)
2. flashplugin-nonfree (enables Adobe's Flash in Firefox - now YouTube will work)
3. gdebi (lets you install deb packages for software that is not in the repository)
4. xfce4-appfinder (a great program we'll later use to customize our launcher)
5. xfce4-goodies (a bunch of helpful add-ons - read more about it here)
6. xfce4-mcs-plugins-extra (lets you set up autostarted applications)
7. xfce4-taskmanager (lets you see what programs are running on your system)
8. xubuntu-artwork-upsplash (gives you a graphical startup screen instead of all that text flying by when your computer is loading Ubuntu)

These will give us some extra functionality including the ability to drag icons around the desktop as well as more objects to add to the panels.  I personally like the Weather Update plugin that tells you the temperature and gives you a forecast when you click on it.

One last tweak I like is to change the theme of the login window.  By default, GDM uses the awful Ubuntu brown theme.  I like to get rid of that as soon as possible so go to Menu -> Settings -> Login Window.  Under the Local tab you can select a theme for your login window.  I like Circles so I selected that.  You can also bypass the login screen completely by going to the Security tab, selecting Enable Automatic Login and then selecting your username.  When you start or restart your computer it will not ask for your password and will automatically log you in.  I use this on my computer as it's just me and my children so security isn't an issue.  In general, it's not recommended for security reasons but if you know it won't be a concern for you then the option is there.

That's it for now.  Next time we'll work on multimedia so you can play music and watch movies.

This is partially about trying out other desktop environments, and partially trying to get away from GNOME, so there's a little of both in this entry...

Removing mono from Ubuntu
The first thing I wanted to do was get mono and mono apps off my system, just to see where that would put me. There is a good blog entry from the Open Sourcerer here on that.

I lost three apps by removing mono: f-spot, sysinfo, and tomboy.

I didn't expect sysinfo (I think this was something I installed myself a while back), but I did expect the other two. None of these three are anything I really use, so I didn't mind.

This is a good break point for me because I've gotten rid of the main problem -- mono -- and I can "fall back" to this GNOME desktop if necessary while I explore alternatives.

I don't believe in Evolution
Anyway, one of the things I knew I would have to do is get my email up and running under some other program. I've been using Thunderbird on my laptop, and while it's not perfect, it's not too bad either. It's not too hard to export mail from Evolution to Thunderbird, so I did that. (Contacts are easy, too, but check the CSV so you know what fields are what - a couple might not be what you expect and then you will have to import twice like I did!)

Strange note here: Thunderbird crashed several times while I was moving the folders around. Slightly worrying, but I'm hoping it just because I am shuffling around folders with hundreds of messages? Also, for some reason, not all messages came over - I don't know why - so be careful and don't just delete your Evolution stuff just because it looks like everything made it!

Installing XFCE
Another thing I learned on my blog thanks to awesome comments is that you shouldn't be using apt-get to install *-desktop packages. Apparently aptitude works better, so I did a:
sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude install xubuntu-desktop

Good Stuff
Very simple and no problems with the installation. Everything seemed to come up just fine the first time. No questions or configurations needed there.

The very first thing I noticed is that XFCE looks a lot like GNOME. Since I'm not really after the "lightweight" aspect so much, I'm still running Compiz and Conky and so forth, so things are pretty comfortable there.

The next thing I found that I liked is that multiple monitor support is very nicely done. You can adjust your various monitors with a right click and select which one you are configuring. The panel properties lets you select the available monitors. There was never anything like this in GNOME that I found. Impressive!

The text editor is mousepad, and it gives a big red warning across the top when you are editing files as root - nice touch!

I really like the "Settings Manager" approach - I was not a big fan of the super long "Administration" and "Settings" menus under GNOME. I like the "Control Panel"-like approach for settings.

More configuration options from the GUI. Not so much that it is confusing or overwhelming. A very slight advantage here.

And, of course, the environment is more responsive. Again, not really a factor because this is a decent desktop - but still nice.

Bad Stuff
The main menu off the panel feels quite cramped, and I don't understand how to configure it. There is a "Menu Editor" in the "Xfce Settings Manager", but it isn't something I can understand just by looking at it.

I guess "Orage" is the calendar applet? I really miss the intlclock applet. I need to quickly know 3 time zones and I like to show the date on the panel. It's also quite ugly there in the panel. Bleh. I will have to find something here.

Open Office looks a bit funky, like the fonts are a size too big or something.

In Summary...
XFCE is a very nice DE that has made a good first impression on me. To be honest, going into it, I didn't except very much because I thought a "lightweight" environment would mean clunky applications and little choice.

However, I was pleasantly surprised to find something very close to what I was used to, and even nicer in some aspects.

I will be keeping XFCE on as my main DE for a day or two and see how it holds up under a full day or two of normal use requirements.

Más que nada utilicé varios entornos de escritorio y gestores de ventana, soy un usuario común y corriente que migro desde Windows hace ya varios meses, por suerte, la verdad no me arrepiento del cambio y lo que más me gusta de GNU/Linux entre otras cosas es su velocidad, pero noté que Gnome consume muchos recursos, en especial los entornos que se basan en GTK+, aquí incluimos a Xfce, digo esto pues instale hace unos meses Xubuntu en una Duron de 945mhz y 512mb de RAM, aunque la placa de video era una SiS 730, muchos conocemos que estas placas usan aceleración 3D en base a DirectX y no pueden obtener aceleración 3D con OpenGL que es el que se utiliza en GNU/Linux, entonces a pesar de esto, si Xfce es un entorno que se basa en el consumo reducido de recursos ¡¿Porqué andaba tan lento?!, este motivo lo comprendí hace unos días a la caza de mi próximo entorno de escritorio, probé:

Enlightenment e17, el cual, se supone que está en fase de prueba, fue rescrito desde cero, la verdad es simplemente genial, único y muy rápido, permite la utilización de wallpapers animados creo que son .xml (igual que en gnome) entonces esto nos permite que nuestro wallpaper se mueva sin tener que usar un .gif que nos devore la RAM. Todo muy bueno, perfecto casi pero un tanto difícil de acostumbrarse, es tan radical el cambio que no termino de acostumbrarme, entonces, pensé que no era el indicado, les dejo un video de lo que es capaz este pequeño.

Primero les voy a repetir, soy (o era) un novato, aunque ya leí muchos foros y tengo muchas trasnoches encíma y se como hacer muchas cosas en GNU/Linux, por ejemplo, siempre que instalo GNU/Linux lo hago desde cero, primero instalo el sistema base, que en estos casos que estoy planteando fue un Minimal CD de Ubuntu Intrepid, el cual logré que sea extremamente estable, muchos se quejan de que Ubuntu es muy inestable frente a otras distros, como por ejemplo Debian, y si lo es pero la razón por la que, al menos yo, no uso Debian es porque los paquetes que se emplean son siempre muy viejos, y vale aclarar que yo soy demasiado obsesivo en lo que a actualizaciones respecta, entonces notamos que Ubuntu a pesar de ser algo inestable tiene la ventaja de que emplea los paquetes de punta, vemos el ejemplo siguiente, en Junio salio la nueva versión de X.Org, la 7.4. Hardy utiliza la versión anterior, la 7.3 al igual que Lenny, que es la versión próxima a salir de Debian, entonces, en Intrepid esta disponible la versión 7.4 de X.Org cuando, acá vemos que Ubuntu a pesar de ser menos estable y mas pesado que Debian tiene paquetes mucho mas actuales, o por ejemplo, no hace mucho intenté instalar KDE 4.1 precisamente era el día que acababa de salir esta versión, me volví loco tratando de encontrar repositorios pues, en Kubuntu ya estaban disponibles las actualizaciones y en Debian no, entonces no recuerdo bien, pero creo que use los repositorios Nightly de Kubuntu, en los cuales también se encuentra disponible Amarok 2 en pruebas aún. Me pasé toda la noche instalando paquetes de KDE 4.1 y luego cuando termino de instalar noto que faltaba un gestor de actualizaciones, de paquetes y cuando clickeaba sobre un .deb me preguntaba el programa a usar, entonces comencé a buscar y como gestor de paquetes utilicé el Adept, lo mismo para las actualizaciones y para los debs no supe, hace poco me enteré de que para ello existe el GDebi, entonces todo marchaba bien, pero intenté usar el Adept y no se abría, lo quise abrir desde el terminal y tampoco, entonces me cansé por ello y otros problemas que no me acuerdo cuales, y procedí a instalar Intrepid, por aquel entonces alpha 1 o 2.

Lo instale y al intentar bootear el kernel instalado no funcionaba, agggrrr, entonces procedí a regresar a Hardy. ¡Por fin andaba todo! menos la única razón que me ata a Windows, los VSTi, los cuales es sabido no andan en GNU/Linux pero me gusta arriesgar, busqué y no encontré respuesta asi que procedí a usar el último recurso, la máquina virtual, todo marchaba bien, mejor de lo que esperaba, pero noté finalmente lo que muchos usuarios decían sobre Gnome "Es muy pesado", y al ver las estadísticas de mi sistema era cierto, entonces pensé en migrar hacia otro entorno mas liviano y así obtener mejores resultados en mi máquina virtual, ya que entre Gnome, Firefox y VBox solo me quedaban 200mb libres de memoria, en mi PC tengo 1Gb de RAM, y bueno hace tres días ya estoy en esta búsqueda de mi próximo nuevo entorno de escritorio, creo que ya lo encontré, es el KDE 4.1 pues, intenté con KDE 3.5.9 y realmente es rápido, pero es horrendamente feo y al leer por ahí KDE 4 consume menos memoria que su antecesor no quise esperar más y pensé la mejor manera de hacer que Ubuntu fuera realmente rápido y... encontré una solución, siempre se instalan programas que no uso y eso hace mucho mas lento el sistema por más bueno que sea.

Entonces pensé "Si puedo instalar Debian desde la red ¿porqué no hacerlo con Ubuntu?", busqué y encontré los Minimal CD de Ubuntu y navegando por su FTP encontré las imagenes de Intrepid y Walá descargué un CD de tan solo 8 Mb que contiene solo el instalador, el cual descarga el sistema base de internet con los últimos paquetes disponibles en los repositorios. Procedí a instalar el mismo, y se tardo bastante en descargar todo, tengo una conección de tan solo 1mbps, entonces al cabo de unas horas tenía funcionando correctamente Intrepid alpha 4 sin nada más que el sistema base. Desde él instale todo lo demás:

# aptitude install kubuntu-kde4-desktop

ja, tardo mucho más de lo esperado pero el resultado fue, un sistema limpio, estable y con lo último, sin mencionar que al tener disponible, aunque aún tengo serios problemas con el Adept, nosé que es lo que sucede con él, busqué en Wikipedia y encontré la web oficial del Proyecto, entonces agregué los repositorios del mismo e instalé su version beta pero aún tengo problemas a la hora de ejecutarlo sin embargo se integra perfectamente con KDE 4.1, luego apunté a Firefox, pero no se integraba, descargué el paquete para integrarlo pero no me aparece la opcion en el menu, estuve varias horas tratando pero sigo sin resultados, asique al igual que Emesene y todas las aplicaciones que usan GTK+ no se integra y tiene aspecto horrible, pero almenos andan.

Otros entornos que use fueron:

LXDE, muy similar a Gnome, pero consume mucho menos memoria, anda genial, pero cuando me di cuenta de los recursos que consumía eran iguales que KDE 3.5 y ensíma aún no hay suficientes aplicaciones para él, entonces necesité descargar paquetes y librerías de Gnome y no tiene gracia ya que este termina más pesado que el mismo Gnome. Aunque espero que en un futuro prospere.

Gnome y Openbox, Openbox es solo un gestor de ventanas y se puede integrar a Gnome reemplazando así a Metecity, es más hace unas versiones atrás Metacity no existía y era usado Openbox, aquí un video:

Conclusión: Voy a seguir probando KDE 4.1 que hasta ahora me esta gustando bastante, pero sigo con el problema este de integrar los programas en GTK+, :?. Cuando me resulte realmente molesto reinstalaré todo y veré que instalo.

Muchas gracias al que ha leido hasta aquí.

So we're now up and running with a minimal Ubuntu system.  We can't do much with it right now but we've got almost all the basics in place.  We'll add some software in a bit but first we'll tweak some things.  Now one of the nice things about Ubuntu is you can customize your system any way you like.  What I'll be showing you is how I've set my system up.  You may want yours to look very different from mine and that's fine.  Use my instructions to get the hang of how things work and then make it how you want it.

First we're going to work with the panels.  These are the bars that contain your menus and some other goodies.  Right now you have a basic menu sitting there on your desktop waiting to be customized.

See that little thing with the star-like pattern on it?  In my screenshot it is sitting there next to my floppy drive icon.  Yours might actually be placed over an icon.  That's okay, we'll get it into position right away.  But if you want, you can click on the sides of it (not the star-like part) and drag it around your desktop.

Now to get things going, right-click on the floating panel and choose Customize Panel from the menu.  This will bring up a dialog box where we can change some options.  Click on Fixed Position then from the drop-down box that says Normal Width choose Full Width and click on the box on the top center of the border.  Last, under Appearance, we'll change the size to around 20 or so to make it smaller.  When you're done it should look like this:

Now I like a second panel at the bottom of the screen to launch programs.  To make this, we'll click on the Plus sign on the right side by where it says Panel 1 and that gives us a second panel.  I like this one to be size 40, Fixed Position at the bottom center and Normal Width.  Now we're done with the basic panels, so let's work on the menu.

Right-click on the top panel and choose Add New Item.  This will give us some options but we want Xfce Menu down at the bottom.  Click on that then click Add.  Another window will pop up that lets us configure the Xfce Menu.  I left all these options alone except for the Button title.  I usually change mine to say Ubuntu but you can change yours to Menu or A Flock of Seagulls or whatever you want.  Or you can just leave it the way it is.

Now there are two things on the top panel, the original star-shaped launcher button and the new Xfce Menu.  I didn't want the launcher so I right-clicked on it and chose Remove.  That left the menu in the top left corner of the screen where I like it.

A couple other things I like on the top menu are a Task List, a Clock and Action Buttons.  Go ahead and add them if you'd like.  Note that once you place an item on the panel you can right-click on it and you'll get a menu that lets you change its properties, move or even remove the item.

Now that our top panel is complete, it's time to install the web browser Firefox.  In your new menu (pat yourself on the back!) go to System and then to Synaptic Package Manager.  If asked, type your password and then you'll see a window pop up.  Click on the button that says Search, type "firefox" and hit return.

Scroll down until you see Firefox listed.  This will give you the most current version (mine's 3.01 as of today).  Click in the checkbox to the left of Firefox and select Mark for Installation.  It'll tell you it needs to mark additional required changes.  These are all files that help Firefox run.  They're called dependencies and we'll need them so click on the button Mark and you're now ready to install Firefox.  At the top of the main Synaptic window is a button that says Apply.  Click on it and a confirmation window pops up.  Click on Apply in the new window and you will download and install Firefox.   Congratulations!

Once done, exit out of Synaptic and return to your desktop.  Now, to get to Firefox, click on your menu, go to Network and choose Firefox Web Browser.  Voila!  That feels good doesn't it?

The last thing we're going to do here is make a launcher for Firefox.  For programs I use frequently (and I use Firefox a lot) I make a launcher in the bottom panel.  To do this, right-click on the generic star-shaped launcher in the bottom panel and choose Properties.  Up pops a window that lets you configure your launcher.  Set yours up like this:

Once you're done, click close and you now have a quick way to launch Firefox.  Just click once on the launcher and Firefox starts right up.  Later, we'll show you an easier way to set up launchers with nice icons and everything but we'll have to do some more work first.  That's enough for now.  Have fun browsing with Firefox!

So lets get started on this.  We're going to install a command-line version of Ubuntu, then we're going to add to it just what we want and nothing more.  At the end we'll have a pretty streamlined system.

The first thing we'll need is a Ubuntu Minimal CD.  You can find the CD images here - be sure to choose the one that works for your system.  For mine I used the Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy Heron" Minimal CD for 32-bit PC's.  You'll need to burn the mini.iso to a CD and then boot your system from that CD.  You'll be greeted by a screen like this:

At the prompt you'll need to type "cli" for command-line install.  The installer will walk you through the steps necessary to get a minimal version of Ubuntu on your system, including setting up your user account and password.  It will also ask you for information about partitions.  On my computer I made three partitions: a "swap" partition that was 1.5 GB, a "/" partition (where the operating system is actually installed) that was 15 GB and the rest of my hard drive is a "/home" partition for my music, pictures, etc.  I'm certain my partitions are much bigger than they need to be but I have a 160 GB hard drive in the computer so I'm not that worried if I have some unused space.

When the installer is finished, you'll be instructed to remove the CD and reboot.  Once it finishes rebooting you'll be greeted by a command prompt.  Type in your username and password.  Congratulations!  You're running Ubuntu!  Though it doesn't look like much right now, we'll improve things very quickly.

You'll now be staring at a screen with the following:

username@ubuntu:~$

We're now ready to start typing and install some software.  First comes X.org which tells your computer how to draw stuff on the screen.  Type the following:

sudo aptitude install xorg

You'll be asked to provide your sudo (or root) password which you setup during the installation process.  The computer will work a bit and then give you a list of "packages" it wants to install.  Tell it yes and it will download and install X.org.  It may take a bit depending on the speed of your computer and your internet connection.

Once we have X.org installed, we need a window manager.  This is a set of programs that provide the graphical user interface for your computer.  There are lots of options but for my system I went with XFCE, the same window manager Xubuntu uses.  It looks nice, is full-featured, lightweight and easy to install.  Type the following:

sudo aptitude install xfce4

Once this is done you'll have the basics ready to go.  We're getting there!

There are two more things we're going to install from the command line.  First is a login manager.  This is a program that helps your computer not only start the graphical user interface but also gives you a way to login to your system, much like you did earlier from the command-line when you typed your username and password.  Once again, there are lots of options but I use GNOME Display Manger (GDM).  Type the following:

sudo aptitude install gdm

Once it's done, we're almost ready to start the graphical user interface.  Up to now, we've been installing software from the command-line.  We're now going to do that one last time and install Synaptic package manager.  It's a program that lets you download and install other programs to your computer.  Once Synaptic is ready to go, we won't be using the command-line much.  Type the following:

sudo aptitude install synaptic

Now, I've broken things into four separate steps and explained what we are installing for each one.  If you are the trusting sort, or if you want to get through this process quicker, you can always type the following:

sudo aptitude install xorg xfce4 gdm synaptic

This will download and install everything at once.

Once it's done, we've got a basic system installed but we need to start things up manually the first time and then GDM will take over and start the interface from there on out.  Type the following:

startx

If everything went according to plan, your computer will think for a bit and then you'll be looking at the default XFCE desktop!

That's a lot better than staring at a command-line huh?

Now we have a very basic installation of Ubuntu with XFCE as a window manager.  But wait!  Where's the menu?  Well we'll officially set one up later but for now you can right-click your mouse anywhere on the desktop and the menu will show up.  It took me awhile to figure this out so I thought I'd save you some time!

This is the skeleton on which we are going to add some programs and customize things.  We'll talk about that more in the next post.

في الفترة الاخيرة بدات موضة جديدة تنتشر في عالم التكنولوجيا و الحواسيب ، فبعد ان راينا مشاريع جهاز محمول لكل طالب و غيرها من المشاريع التي تحاول ان توفر جهاز لابتوب منخفض السعر و التكلفة و التي كانت ذات صبغة خيرية في بداية الامر ، بدانا نشاهد انتشار واسع لهذا السوق الذي بداته شركة ايسوز بجهازها المشهور  تربل اي بي سي ، و قد احببناه لكونه يأتي محملا مع لينكس و ان كان بعدها توفر اصدارات خاصة بالاكس بي ، و لكن كان يواجه مشكلتين اساسيتين الاولى الشاشة فقط 7 انش ! و الكيبورد الصغير جدا هذا فضلا عن المواصفات المتواضعة . بعد هذا دخلت شركات اخرى هذا السوق مثل ديل و ايسر و ام اس اي و غيرها ..

كلامنا اليوم عن جهاز ايسر اسباير 1 و هو يتفوق على بقية الاجهزة من نواحي و يفشل في نواحي اخرى.

عتاد الجهاز :-

ياتي الجهاز بشاشة حجم 9 انش تقريبا  و هذا افضل كثيرا من اول جهاز من ايسوز فبه يمكن تصفح مواقع الانترنت بشكل كامل و لا نحتاج لتحريك المؤشرات بشكل عرضي .

  الدقة 1024x600

تعمل بشكل جيد و الالوان جميلة و الشاشة مضيئة . و اما الهارديسك او وحدة التخزين فهي اكبر عيوب الجهاز فهو يأتي بسويلد ستيت درايف سعة 8 جيجا  فقط و ان كانت الميزة في تسريع زمن الاقلاع فالجهاز لا يأخذ اكثر من 15 ثانية للاقلاع الكامل الا انه بطيء في عملية الكتابة الى القرص و غني عن الذكر امكانية اضافة المزيد من الذاكرة .

من اهم مميزات الجهاز انه ياتي بمعالج انتل اتوم 1.6Ghz

سريع كفاية لتشغيل اي برنامج نحتاجه و لكن الرام فقط 512 و لكن يمكن اضافة المزيد من الرام بجهد كبير حيث ستحتاج الى تفكيك الجهاز كاملا كي تضيف الرام !. على كل لم الاحظ ضعف في الاداء الا في تشغيل الكومبايز فشن و مع زيادة الرام نتخطى هذه المشكلة. و لكن بعض المستخدمين يقولون بان الكومبايز اشتغل بشكل سلس معهم و من خلال تجريبي لاوبنتو بدا الكومبايز بالعمل بشكل طبيعي فربما يوجد سبب ما في لينبوس التوزيعة الافتراضية .

الكيبورد ممتازة و لا داعي للخوف من صغرها و لكن المشكلة تبقى في التوشباد فهي بشكل مستطيل و صعبة التحكم لصغرها و لكن لم اعاني من هذه المشكلة لسبب بسيط ! (( لاني دائما استخدم  الماوس )) !

الوايرلس يعمل بشكل خرافي فهو بحق افضل لابتوب عملت عليه باللاسلكي باستخدام لينكس الى الان .. و لكن الغريب في حال تثبيت توزيعة اخرى حتى ابنتو ستحتاج الى تعريف الوايرلس فهو لا يتعرف تلقائيا ..

اخيرا يوجد ثلاث مداخل لليو اس بي و كاميرا و مايك داخلي ..

نظام التشغيل و البرامج :-

سيرا على طريقة الايسوز قامت ايسر بتعديل لينكس لينبوس ليأتي بواجهة رسومية معدلة للاكس اف سي اي و تحتوي على اربع فئات من البرامج و المجلدات .. اعجبني في الواقع طريقة ترتيب لينكس بهذا الشكل فهو يصبح سهل الاستخدام لمستخدمي ويندوز و لكن الغريب انه لا يوجد ادفانس مود لمستخدمي لينكس المتقدمين فلكي تظهر الشكل الافتراضي للاكس اف سي اي ستحتاج الى جهد كبير في تحرير الملفات و لكن مؤخرا وجدت سكربت يقوم بهذه العملية اتوماتيكيا و لكن لن تستطيع العودة الى الشكل الافتراضي الا اذا اعدة تنصيب النظام !.. و لكن بشكل عام الواجهة مميزة و الوانها رائعة و ايقونات جميلة يبقى فقط اضافة البرامج من مدير الحزم الذي يستخدم مخازن فيدورا 8 و من ثم اضافة ايقونات البرامج الجديدة الى ملف اكس ام ال لتظهر الايقونات الجديدة في الواجهة الرباعية الافتراضية .. بشكل عام نظام لينبوس ممتاز في نواحي كثيرة فهو يقوم باغلب المهام و يتعامل مع عتاد الجهاز بشكل ممتاز بالاضافة الى الاقلاع الخيالي و لكن يبقى المستخدمين المتمرسين في عالم لينكس في رغبة الى تنصيب توزيعة اكثر قوة تعطي تحكم افضل بالبرامج و غيرها ..

في حال الرغبة في تغير نظام التشغيل  عدم وجود سي دي درايف افتراضيا  قد يسبب مشكلة و لكن هناك طرق كثيرة لتخطي هذا الحاجز :

التنصيب بطريقة اليوسبي

التنصيب باستخدام سي دي درايف خارجي

التنصيب عن طريق الانترنت

التنصيب عن طريق برامج محاكيات حرق اسطوانات

اكتفي بهذا القدر ...

Icone
Set di icone: Oxygen Refit 2 - Black Version
Firefox: Firefox Icons
Menù Xfce: archlinux-artwork

Dimensione delle icone sul desktop: 42
del carattere:13

Tema
Xfce-4.2

Tipo carattere
Bitstream Vera Sans 12

Gestore Finestre - Stile
XubuntuStudio con carattere DejaVu Sans Mono Bold 11

Sfondo desktop
da deviantart

Conky
Ecco il conkyrc, modificato molto poco dall'ultima volta

# Written By BaSh, Modified by ugaciaka
# http://www.deelab.org/bash/
#
# For HardDisk Temperature need hddtemp is configured to working with sudo without password.

# Options
use_xft yes
background yes
font 8x12
xftfont dejavu sans mono book:size=8
xftalpha 1
update_interval 1.0
total_run_times 0
own_window yes
own_window_type override
own_window_transparent yes
double_buffer yes
draw_shades no
draw_outline no
draw_borders no
draw_graph_borders yes
no_buffers yes
cpu_avg_samples 1
net_avg_samples 2
override_utf8_locale yes
uppercase no
use_spacer no

# colors
#default_color white
#default_shade_color black
#default_outline_color grey
color0 black
color1 grey

# Position
alignment top_right
gap_x 30
gap_y 30

# Parameters
TEXT
${alignc}${color #729FCF}${font dejavu sans mono book:size=10} @$nodename - $sysname $kernel${font}
${color1}$hr
${alignc}${color #729FCF}Temperature
${color0}CPU Temp: ${execi 30 sensors | grep 'CPU Temp' | awk '{print $3}'} Sys Temp: ${execi 30 sensors | grep 'Sys Temp' | awk '{print $3}'}
${color0}CPU Fan: ${execi 30 sensors | grep 'CPU Fan' | awk '{print $3}'} RPM
${color0}/dev/sda Temp: +${execi 30 sudo hddtemp /dev/sda |cut -d" " -f4} /dev/sdb Temp: +${execi 30 sudo hddtemp /dev/sdb |cut -d" " -f4}
${color1}$hr
${alignc}${color #729FCF}${exec uname -p}
${color0}Core0: ${cpu cpu0}% @ ${freq 0}MHz Core1: ${cpu cpu1}% @ ${freq 1}MHz
${color0}${cpugraph cpu0 30,140 000000 000000} ${cpugraph cpu1 30,140 000000 000000}
${color0}CPU usage PID CPU% MEM%
${color0}${top name 1} ${top pid 1} ${top cpu 1} ${top mem 1}
${color0}${top name 2} ${top pid 2} ${top cpu 2} ${top mem 2}
${color0}${top name 3} ${top pid 3} ${top cpu 3} ${top mem 3}
${color0}${top name 4} ${top pid 4} ${top cpu 4} ${top mem 4}
${color1}$hr
${alignc}${color #729FCF}Memoria
${color0}RAM: $mem/$memmax - $memperc% $membar
${color0}Swap: $swap/${color0}$swapmax - $swapperc% $swapbar
${color1}$hr
${alignc}${color #729FCF}File System
${color0}root (${fs_free_perc /}% Free): ${color0}${fs_used /}${color0}/${color0}${fs_size /} ${color0}${fs_bar /}
${color0}home (${fs_free_perc /home}% Free): ${color0}${fs_used /home}${color0}/${color0}${fs_size /home} ${color0}${fs_bar /home}
${color0}tmp (${fs_free_perc /tmp}% Free): ${color0}${fs_used /tmp}${color0}/${color0}${fs_size /tmp} ${color0}${fs_bar /tmp}
${color1}$hr
${alignc}${color #729FCF}wlan0
${color0}IP: ${addr wlan0} - Gateway: ${gw_ip}
${color0}Segnale: ${wireless_link_qual_perc wlan0}%
${color0}Down: ${downspeedf wlan0} kb/s ${offset 70}${color0}Up:${color0} ${upspeedf wlan0} kb/s
${color0}${downspeedgraph wlan0 30,140 000000 000000} $alignr${color0}${upspeedgraph wlan0 30,140 000000 000000}
${color1}$hr
${alignc}${color #729FCF}APC
${color0}Autonomia: ${execi 60 apcaccess | grep TIMELEFT | awk '{print $3}'} Minuti - Batteria: ${execi 60 apcaccess | grep BCHARGE | awk '{print $3}'}%
${color0}Numero trasferimenti: ${execi 60 apcaccess | grep NUMXFERS | awk '{print $3}'}

Gtkrc-2.0
Ecco il file di configurazione di .gtkrc-2.0

# Per le icone sul desktop
style "xfdesktop-icon-view" {
XfdesktopIconView::label-alpha = 50
font_name = "Comic Sans MS"

base[NORMAL] = "#000000"
base[SELECTED] = "#729FCF"
base[ACTIVE] = "#729FCF"

fg[NORMAL] = "#ffffff"
fg[SELECTED] = "#ffffff"
fg[ACTIVE] = "#ffffff"
}
widget_class "*XfdesktopIconView*" style "xfdesktop-icon-view"

The first thing I did was run Ethernet cable to the computer.  Before that I'd tried to dink around with wifi but was running into one headache after another.  Ethernet is nice and makes everything much more do-able for me.

Second, I upgraded the hard drive.  10 GB will do for a Linux install or even an XP install (I actually had XP on it at one point - ugh) but it gives no room for much else.  My sons like to mess around with their mp3 collection, watch movies and read comics on the computer.  So I needed a bigger hard drive and I cannibalized one from my main desktop system.  Now instead of 10 GB I have 160 GB to work with.

Next, I tried to figure out a good Linux install for this old box.  I'm far from a Linux expert though I am learning and sorta enjoy figuring things out along the way.  I'd used Ubuntu before and I'd read that Xubuntu was made for low-end computers.  Perfect!

Xubuntu installed just fine but it was slower than I liked.  I don't know enough about the distribution to understand why but things were usable but noticeably slow.  I've since read that Xubuntu is "bloated" according to some people.  Anyway, it wasn't for me.

I tried a couple of other options.  Puppy Linux was amazingly fast but also fairly obtuse.  I couldn't figure out how to change icons, installing software was confusing and I soon realized it wasn't going to be viable.  But holy crap it was fast!

I also spent quite a bit of time with Zenwalk which is very nice and almost made a true believer out of me.  Zenwalk is a lightweight distribution based on Slackware (not sure what that means other than it's different from Debian which Ubuntu is based on) and uses XFCE like Xubuntu.  Here are some of the other features of Zenwalk from their website:

Modern and user-friendly (latest stable software, selected applications)
Fast (optimized for performance capabilities)
Rational (one mainstream application for each task)
Complete (full development/desktop/multimedia environment)
Evolutionary (simple network package management tool - netpkg)

Sounds good to me so I installed it and used it for about a month.  It was clearly speedier than Xubuntu for me though not as fast as Puppy Linux.  Things were nicely set up and I liked the look and it was easy to configure the way I wanted it.  Simple and nice, just how I wanted things.

But there were a couple of niggling issues that kept me from completely embracing Zenwalk.  First, I was used to using Synaptic, deb files and even apt-get from the command line.  I don't understand Slackware and could never figure out how to install software in Zenwalk that wasn't in their repositories.  Their package manager (netpkg) was fine but if I ventured outside of that I was lost.

Second, the packages they did have were... odd.  The biggest example is Firefox which they rebranded as Iceweasel.  Something to do with free vs. non-free software, etc.  Fine, no problem.  But for some reason they still hadn't updated Firefox/Iceweasel to 3.0 nearly two months after it was released.  That didn't make sense.  Firefox 3 was noticeably faster to me and I couldn't see a good reason not to upgrade.  In Ubuntu, if the current version of a program wasn't available in the repositories I could usually find a deb file and install it that way.  I had no clue how to install Firefox 3 in Zenwalk outside of compiling it from source.  And I'm not really a "compile from source" kinda guy.

Last, Zenwalk was fast but just didn't seem fast enough.  Youtube videos were never quite smooth like they were in Puppy Linux.  Things seemed a bit "draggy" to me.  It's subjective, sure.  But I noticed it and I wanted to see if there was a faster option.

I stumbled across a post somewhere on the internet about installing a minimal command-line only system and then adding only what you wanted or needed.  The end result, apparently, was a very fast yet customized system.  Now that sounded appealing and that's what I did.

More on this in part two.

(or follow this tutorial to shut your Acer desktop permanent off: here , but I do not recommend using it because there are some problems with it)

kill the process xfdesktop2 (Ctrl+Alt+Del)

Then open your terminal and type:

xfdesktop-xfce

Your xfce desktop will now appear on your screen with some icons. Now start up:

System -> Add/Remove Software (in advanced menu)
Search for "conky" and install the fedora 8 package.

Now you need to place your .conkyrc configuration file in your homefolder called:

/home/user/

Then open your terminal and type:

conky

Conky should now run.

NOTE: After reboot everything will be resetted

(I still need to figure out how to start conky from script)

Ya son varios los entornos de escritorios destinados para GNU/Linux y los sitemas operativos basados en Unix. A la cabeza se encuentran KDE, Gnome, Xfce pero existen otros que son más minimalistas con el objetivo de aprovechar al máximos las prestaciones de las PC o para máquinas con poco rendimientos a causa del hardware.

Algunas alternativas son Fluxbox, IceWm,BlackBox, OpenBox, E17, y del que hablaré hoy LXDE

LXDE no solo es minimalista, es bonito, rápido y fácil de usar. Los fabricantes de mini portátiles como Asus con sus EEEPC lo están implementando por dichas características. Incluye los siguientes programas:

LXDE usa Openbox como el Gestor de ventanas predeterminado y apunta a ofrecer un escritorio ligero y rápido basado en componentes independientes que pueden ser utilizados en otros entornos.

* PCManFM: Rápido y robusto gestor de ficheros. Ofrece funciones tan interesante como la navegación con pestañas y todo con un mínimo uso de recursos.
* LXPanel: Panel de escritorio fácil de usar y con todas las funciones que pueden esperarse de un panel. La configuración se realiza a través de un GUI.
* LXSession / LXSession Lite: Gestor de sesiones con las opciones Cerrar, Reiniciar y Suspender. La versión Lite ofrece menos tamaño y más estabilidad.
* LXAppearance: Gestor de temas GTK+ que permite cambiar tanto el aspecto como los iconos y las tipografías.
* Openbox: Es el gestor de ventanas utilizado por ser ligero y altamente configurable pero puede ser sustituido por cualquier otro.
* GPicView: Rápido, ligero y sencillo visor de imágenes.
* Leafpad: Un editor de texto muy ligero.
* LXTerminal: Terminal que reduce al mínimo el uso de memoria.
* XArchiver: Basado en archiver, este gestor de archivos tampoco depende de un entorno concreto.
* LXNM: Asistente para la conexión a redes WIFI. Aún se encuentra en desarrollo.

Para instalarlo en la rama testing solo tienes que teclear en consola:

$ aptitude install lxde

El por defecto debe instalarte las siguientes dependencias:

lxde-common lxde-core lxde-settings-daemon

Ahora mismo lo estoy usando y me corre súper bien... Solo queda que lo prueben...

Desde el año 2004 la capital de España cuenta con su propio sistema operativo "quasilibre": MAX (MAdrid-linuX)

La clase de computadoras para las cuales fue diseñada esta version de GNU/Linux es variada: servidores web y base de datos, servidores para clientes ligeros (varias máquinas conectadas a una central, de tal modo se ahorra en tener que comprar nuevo hardware), versiones para docentes y estudiantes en aulas de informática, versiones nano para dispositivos USB y CDs, todas en base a software libre.

MAX se distribuye en formatos LiveDVD, LiveCD y NanoMAX, este último para memorias USB y está basada en la última Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy Heron" (otra...).

Como en versiones anteriores, MAX 4.0 incluye un sistema denominado DiscTree que permite instalar aplicaciones de software libre en otro sistema operativo como Windows XP. Para ello, bastará con insertar el DVD de MAX 4.0 en su lector de DVD desde Windows (Ummm...)

El DVD viene con tres escritorios Gnome, KDE y Xfce y el CD solo viene con el escritorio Xfce que es el más ligero. Por si esto fuera poco, MAX viene preparada para el multimedia, pues trae instalados todos los códecs y plugins necesarios para la correcta visión de vídeos y audios. Lo que se supone nos ahorra mucho tiempo y problemas. Además, se puede escribir en las distintas particiones que haya en el disco duro, incluido Windows, e incorpora los tipos de letras (fuentes) de Windows. Todo esto lo agradece mucho el usuario novato y aparentemente favorece la integración de este tipo de sistemas pero no el desarrollo del Software Libre, de más Software Libre de calidad, y frena su asombroso crecimiento, ya que la inclusión y uso de codecs privativos, tipografias o formatos de aplicaciones privativas no conducen más que a un camino, amigos, al del uso de software privativo. Eso tiene aún más pecado cuando se usa sobre un Sistema Operativo LIBRE así que, de nuevo, rompo una lanza a favor de toda la gente que insiste en que tendamos al uso exclusivo de Software Libre. Dicha recomendación no atenta contra la libertad de nadie, no caigáis en la trampa, lo que atenta contra vuestra libertad son esos programas que "libremente" instaláis en vuestras máquinas y que vienen licenciados con injustas condiciones de uso muy restringido, para muy alto beneficio de unos pocos, cuando no atentan contra vuestra privacidad de individuos o contra las más evidentes leyes de la eficacia. Quien prohibe asesinar, violar, pegar o robar, por poner ejemplos lo suficientemente claros, no está atentando contra ninguna libertad fundamental de nadie.

Para quien le interese, pues he recogido el dato por ahí, el repositorio de MAX es deb http://max.educa.madrid.org/max40 max main

Requisitos mínimos de la distro:

- Procesador Pentium 3 o equivalente AMD

- 256 MB de RAM

- 32 MB de gráfica (¡anda, como este eMac!)

- Unidades de CD, DVD correspondientes. Correspondientes a usar la versión en DVD o en CD, obviamente.

De aquí os podéis descargar la lista de programas que incluye y de aquí toda la documentación de la distribución, y aquí su manual de instalación.

Píllate un: Max 4.0 (LiveCD) Max 4.0 (LiveDVD) NanoMAX 4.0 (USB)
Nivel de software libre: – % Valoración final: buena

Las distribuciones se califican globalmente según sean desastrosas, insuficientes, aceptables, buenas, exóticas, muy buenas o formidables.

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]]> http://ugaciaka.wordpress.com/?p=344 Mon, 04 Aug 2008 11:07:19 +0000 ugaciaka http://ugaciaka.wordpress.com/?p=344 Ebbene sì, non uso più KDE, ora sono ritornato ad usare XFCE.

Questo è il mio desktop attuale sul computer fisso

Al posto di superkaramba sto usando conky, il tema è una semplice modifica ad uno scritto da BaSh

# Written By BaSh, Modified by ugaciaka
# http://www.deelab.org/bash/
#
# For HardDisk Temperature need hddtemp is configured to working with sudo without password.

# Options
use_xft yes
background yes
font 8x12
xftfont dejavu sans mono book:size=8
xftalpha 1
update_interval 1.0
total_run_times 0
own_window yes
own_window_type override
own_window_transparent yes
double_buffer yes
draw_shades yes
draw_outline no
draw_borders no
draw_graph_borders yes
no_buffers yes
cpu_avg_samples 1
net_avg_samples 2
override_utf8_locale yes
uppercase no
use_spacer no

# color0s
default_color white
default_shade_color black
default_outline_color white
color0 white
#color0 blue

# Position
alignment top_left
gap_x 900
gap_y 30

# Parameters
TEXT
${alignc}${color0} @$nodename ${color0}- ${color0}$sysname $kernel
${alignc}${color0} ${exec uname -p}
${color0}$hr
${color0}Uptime:${color0} $uptime
${color0}CPU Temp:${color0} ${execi 30 sensors | grep 'CPU Temp' | awk '{print $3}'}; ${color0}Sys Temp:${color0} ${execi 30 sensors | grep 'Sys Temp' | awk '{print $3}'}
${color0}/dev/sda Temp: ${color0} +${color0}${execi 30 sudo hddtemp /dev/sda |cut -d" " -f4}; ${color0}/dev/sdb Temp: +${color0}${execi 30 sudo hddtemp /dev/sdb |cut -d" " -f4}
${color0}$hr
${color0}Core 0:${color0} ${cpu cpu0}% ${color0}${cpubar cpu0}
${color0}Freq: ${freq 0}MHz
${color0}${cpugraph cpu0 30 000000 FFFFFF}
${color0}Core 1:${color0} ${cpu cpu1}% ${color0}${cpubar cpu1}
${color0}Freq: ${freq 1}MHz
${color0}${cpugraph cpu1 30 000000 FFFFFF}
${color0}CPU Usage PID CPU% MEM%
${color0}${top name 1} ${top pid 1} ${top cpu 1} ${top mem 1}
${color0}${top name 2} ${top pid 2} ${top cpu 2} ${top mem 2}
${color0}${top name 3} ${top pid 3} ${top cpu 3} ${top mem 3}
${color0}${top name 4} ${top pid 4} ${top cpu 4} ${top mem 4}
${color0}$hr
${color0}RAM:${color0} $mem${color0}/${color0}$memmax ${color0}-${color0} $memperc% ${color0}$membar
${color0}Swap:${color0} $swap${color0}/${color0}$swapmax ${color0}-${color0} $swapperc% ${color0}$swapbar
${color0}Processes:${color0} $processes ${color0}Running:${color0} $running_processes
${color0}$hr
${color0}File System:
${color0}root (${fs_free_perc /}% Free): ${color0}${fs_used /}${color0}/${color0}${fs_size /} ${color0}${fs_bar /}
${color0}home (${fs_free_perc /home}% Free): ${color0}${fs_used /home}${color0}/${color0}${fs_size /home} ${color0}${fs_bar /home}
${color0}tmp (${fs_free_perc /tmp}% Free): ${color0}${fs_used /tmp}${color0}/${color0}${fs_size /tmp} ${color0}${fs_bar /tmp}
${color0}$hr
${color0}Net:
${color0}IP Address:${color0} ${addr wlan0} ${color0}- Interface:${color0} wlan0
${color0}Down:${color0} ${downspeedf wlan0} kb/s ${offset 70}${color0}Up:${color0} ${upspeedf wlan0} kb/s
${color0}${downspeedgraph wlan0 30,140 000000 FFFFFF} $alignr${color0}${upspeedgraph wlan0 30,140 000000 FFFFFF}

Mentre per il terminale integrato nel desktop ho seguito quasi questa guida e la mia configurazione di DesktopConsole.ds è la seguente

(if
(matches (window_name) "DesktopConsole")
(begin
(set_workspace 4)
(below)
(undecorate)
(skip_pager)
(skip_tasklist)
(wintype "utility")
(geometry "600x400+40+630")
)
)

Ovviamente per fare partire il terminale sul desktop su XFCE all'avvio della nostra sessione ho creato un eseguibile su /usr/local/bin

#!/bin/sh
devilspie &
gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=DesktopConsole

(mettendo questa path sul /etc/profile) e richiamando l'eseguibile grazie alle impostazioni di XFCE "Applicazioni avviate automaticamente" (quest'ultimo passaggio fatto anche per conky).

Per mostrare la temperatura degli HD ho modificato visudo aggiungendo questa riga

ugaciaka eclipse = NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/hddtemp

Sia conky che il terminale sul desktop sono ottimizzati per un monitor 17pollici con 1280x1024.

Lo sfondo (scurito grazie all'opzione di XFCE) è stato preso da qui e le icone da qua mentre l'icona di del menù di xfce è stata presa da quest'altra parte.

Infine (credo) il tema è un semplice xfce-curve.

Ovviamente lo modificherò ancora, si accettano consigli...

sudo aptitude remove kubuntu-desktop
sudo aptitude remove xubuntu-desktop

Valido solamente para Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy)
Si se ha instalado KDE o XFCE via [Synaptic o apt-get],de la siguiente manera se podrà eliminar dichos entornos de escritorio:

Para eliminar Kubuntu:
sudo apt-get remove adept adept-batch adept-common adept-installer adept-manager adept-notifier adept-updater akregator amarok amarok-xine apport-qt ark arts cryptsetup debtags desktop-effects-kde digikam dmsetup dolphin enscript foomatic-db-gutenprint gdebi-kde gnupg-agent gpgsm gtk-qt-engine gwenview hpijs-ppds hplip-gui ijsgutenprint jockey-kde k3b kaddressbook kaffeine kamera karm katapult kate kbstate kcontrol kcron kde-guidance kde-guidance-powermanager kde-icons-mono kde-style-qtcurve kde-systemsettings kdeadmin-kfile-plugins kdebase-bin kdebase-bin-kde3 kdebase-data kdebase-kio-plugins kdebluetooth kdegraphics-kfile-plugins kdelibs-data kdelibs4c2a kdemultimedia-kfile-plugins kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdenetwork-filesharing kdenetwork-kfile-plugins kdepasswd kdepim-kio-plugins kdepim-kresources kdepim-wizards kdeprint kdesktop kdesudo kdm kdnssd keep kfind kghostview khelpcenter kicker kio-apt kio-locate kio-umountwrapper kipi-plugins klipper kmag kmail kmailcvt kmenuedit kmilo kmix kmousetool kmplayer-base kmplayer-konq-plugins knetworkconf knotes konq-plugins konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konsole kontact konversation kooka kopete korganizer kpdf kpf kppp krdc krfb kscreensaver ksmserver ksnapshot ksvg ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktorrent kubuntu-artwork-usplash kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-docs kubuntu-konqueror-shortcuts kvkbd kwalletmanager kwin kwin-style-crystal language-selector-qt libakode2 libarts1-akode libarts1c2a libartsc0 libaudio2 libavahi-qt3-1 libavcodec1d libavutil1d libclucene0ldbl libdbus-qt-1-1c2 libept0 libexiv2-2 libfftw3-3 libflac++6 libgmp3c2 libgsm1 libifp4 libijs-0.35 libjpeg-progs libk3b2 libkbluetooth0 libkcal2b libkcddb1 libkdcraw3 libkdepim1a libkexiv2-3 libkipi0 libkleopatra1 libkmime2 libkonq4 libkpimexchange1 libkpimidentities1 libksba8 libkscan1 libksieve0 libktnef1 liblua50 liblualib50 libmad0 libmimelib1c2a libmodplug0c2 libmpcdec3 libnjb5 libofa0 libpoppler-qt2 libpostproc1d libpq5 libpythonize0 libqt-perl libqt3-mt libqt4-core libqt4-gui librsync1 libruby1.8 libsearchclient0 libskim0 libsmokeqt1 libstreamanalyzer0 libstreams0 libstrigihtmlgui0 libtunepimp5 libxapian15 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-xv0 libxine1 libxine1-bin libxine1-console libxine1-ffmpeg libxine1-misc-plugins libxine1-plugins libxine1-x libxvmc1 network-manager-kde networkstatus openoffice.org-kde openoffice.org-style-crystal perl-suid pinentry-qt poster psutils pykdeextensions python-dev python-kde3 python-qt3 python-qt4 python-qt4-common python-qt4-dbus python-reportlab python-sip4 python2.5-dev qca-tls rdiff-backup ruby ruby1.8 scim-bridge-client-qt scim-qtimm skim software-properties-kde speedcrunch strigi-applet strigi-daemon system-config-printer-kde ttf-arphic-ukai vorbis-tools && sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Para eliminar Xubuntu:
sudo apt-get remove a2ps abiword abiword-common abiword-plugins gnumeric-common gnumeric-gtk gtk2-engines-xfce imagemagick libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libexo-0.3-0 libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libglib2.0-data libgoffice-0-6 libgoffice-0-6-common libgsf-gnome-1-114 libgtkmathview0c2a liblink-grammar4 libots0 libt1-5 libtagc0 libthunar-vfs-1-2 libwpd-stream8c2a libxfce4mcs-client3 libxfce4mcs-manager3 libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 link-grammar-dictionaries-en mousepad mozilla-thunderbird orage psutils python-exo ristretto tango-icon-theme tango-icon-theme-common thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-data thunar-media-tags-plugin thunar-thumbnailers thunar-volman thunderbird vim-runtime xfce4-appfinder xfce4-battery-plugin xfce4-clipman-plugin xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-dict-plugin xfce4-fsguard-plugin xfce4-governor-plugin xfce4-icon-theme xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-mcs-manager xfce4-mcs-plugins xfce4-mcs-plugins-extra xfce4-mixer xfce4-mixer-alsa xfce4-mount-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-notes-plugin xfce4-panel xfce4-places-plugin xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter-plugin xfce4-session xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-terminal xfce4-utils xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-weather-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xfdesktop4 xfdesktop4-data xfprint4 xfwm4 xfwm4-themes xubuntu-artwork-usplash xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs && sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Via: psychocats [Eng]
Puro Kde
Puro Xfce

Instalamos el paquete imagemagick

aptitude install imagemagick

Ahora abrimos una consola y escribimos lo siguiente:

sleep 3 && import -window root captura.jpg

En este caso el 3 es el tiempo en segundos y captura.jpg el nombre de la imagen al guardarse. Me imagino que existan otros programas para hacer capturas pero este me resultó bastante sencillo...

Pueden ver mis captura de escritorio en http://elavdeveloper.deviantart.com

Questo sistema grafico per Unix si chiama X Windows System (per gli amici X) e come nel caso di Unix ne esistono varie incarnazioni, la più comune delle quali si chiama X.Org (o anche Xorg).

L'originale compito di X non era quello di offrire un ambiente per il desktop ma di fornire un output grafico per i programmi che lo richiedevano, in particolare applicazioni scientifiche che disegnavano grafici.

L'architettura di Xorg risente ancora di questa origine e alcuni considerano ciò un limite. In realtà, come accade a volte nella natura, ciò che sembra obsoleto è all'origine della sopravvivenza di un sistema che ormai ha 25 anni e che nella sua storia ne ha viste di tutti i colori (non solo quelli del monitor). Ma tralasciamo la complessa storia legale per addentrarci nelle caratteristiche tecniche di Xorg.

Lo scopo di Xorg, dicevamo, è quello di gestire la grafica, intendendo con ciò il minimo indispensabile: Xorg infatti si occupa di far comunicare le applicazioni con lo schermo, riservando loro uno spazio (finestra) su di esso e... basta. Xorg non permette di ridimensionarle, spostarle, chiuderle, ridurle a icona, ecc. In pieno stile Unix, ogni programma deve fare poche cose, ma fatte bene. E' la combinazione di vari programmi che crea l'applicazione o l'ambiente grafico o un intero sistema operativo.

Così a Xorg va aggiunto qualcosa. Ma volete vedere Xorg "nudo e crudo" per farvi un'idea? Allora chiudete la sessione corrente e al login cliccate su "opzioni" e "scelta sessione". Comparirà un menù che permette di scegliere il tipo di sessione da avviare. Scegliete "terminale d'emergenza". Dopo un paio di secondi vi apparirà un terminale inserito nella grafica, ma senza bordi e impossibile da spostare. Qualcosa come questa:

Poco ma... ci si può lanciare qualche applicazione. Ad esempio scrivete

xeyes &

Vedrete comparire un paio di occhi che seguono il mouse. Ah già, perché, dimenticavo di dirlo, X, gestisce anche il mouse. E la tastiera. Insomma gestisce tutto ciò che in generale si potrebbe trovare su un terminale. Il terminale, per chi non lo sapesse, è un computer stupido, anzi non è neppure un computer, ma l'insieme di uno schermo e una tastiera, eventualmente anche un mouse. I terminali sono di solito collegati ai grandi server delle banche (o dell'Alitalia: avete mai visto l'agenzia di viaggio che effettua la prenotazione?) che fungono da elaboratori, mentre i vari terminali servono solo per l'Input/Output verso l'utente.

X è strutturato per funzionare così. Esso infatti è un programma server. Fornisce delle funzionalità ad altri programmi, chiamati client. E' lo stesso principio su cui si basa il Web: ci sono dei computer che fanno da server dove sono memorizzate le pagine, e altri da client che le visualizzano.

Sul server gira un programma (ad esempio il web server Apache) e sul client un altro programma (ad esempio Firefox). L'insieme di questi due programmi fa la nostra applicazione.

Nel caso di X i client sono le stesse applicazioni che hanno bisogno di una interfaccia grafica. Il bello è che non è detto che il client e il server stiano sullo stesso computer! X è infatti nato proprio per computer che avevano tanti terminali e quindi è in grado di gestire connessioni remote. In sostanza quello che possiamo fare è avere un programma di rendering 3D come Blender su un computer molto potente a cui ci colleghiamo da remoto. Blender funzionerà su quel computer, ma l'output sarà gestito da X sul nostro computer obsoleto, magari un Pentium II con 128 mb di Ram.

Bello no?

Ma per avere un sistema desktop completo, dicevamo, non basta X. Ci serve anche qualcosa che gestisca le finestre. Ovvero un gestore delle finestre (windows manager). Ne esistono diversi, alcuni minimali come IceWM usato per computer obsoleti, ed altri che invece fanno parte di un'insieme di programmi molto numeroso. Ad esempio programmi di gestione di file, pannelli per ospitare menu e icone, ecc. Quando siamo di fronte a un sistema complesso che permette di avere una completa esperienza desktop parliamo di Ambiente Desktop. Gnome, Kde e Xfce sono ambienti desktop (in inglese Desktop Enviroment). Essi ci mettono a disposizioni tutti gli strumenti per gestire via grafica i compiti che ci aspetteremmo da un sistema operativo: operare sui file, lanciare applicazioni, offrire un ambiente uniforme per l'output, ecc.

A dire il vero, ormai, gli ambienti desktop si sono estesi fino al punto di includere anche applicazioni. Ad esempio sia Gnome che Kde includono un browser web (rispettivamente Epiphany e Konqueror), un pacchetto di ufficio (Gnome Office e Kde Office), programmi di ritocco fotografico (Gimp e Krita), ecc.

I liked what I heard when I visited the LXDE Project's Hompage. I ran across LXPanel on GNOMEfiles at http://www.gnomefiles.org/app.php/LXPanel The Project's site is at http://lxde.org/ .

Desktop Linux should be free, open, and available to the masses! :-) Hopefully LXDE will help in that regard, as it seems very simple and Lite. It's not Xfce, but then it isn't trying to be. Hey, my rule of thumb and yours may differ, that's what choice is all about. Adhere to your own metric, and you won't be disappointed as they say.

What I really like is the feature set of LXPanel which was originally derived from fbpanel (don't know their site address). It's kind of like a panel, kind of like a launch-bar, and kind of like a dock.

It was quick, had a Graphical User Interface for configuration, and heck, it looks inside of the /usr/share/application/ directory for *.desktop files. I like. I like! That's a feature I wish Xfce's Panel had, perhaps I should shut up, speak up, and suggest it politely. Hmm. Project!!! Idea!!! I get away from myself.

Really the only thing that was a show-stopper for me was the lack of a native vertical orientation, as it seems to be skewed toward the horizontal panel user's mindset. The text that identified the active windows on the task panel was in a 'still horizontal' fashion rather than a title that was correctly oriented for vertical usage. A minor thing for some of you, as many prefer horizontal panels anyhow, but for some folks, We like the NeXT-style vertical panel aka dock...

Good luck to the LXDE project! Looking forward to a future release of LXPanel that addresses my particular issues, and I hope they find their niche!

So when I saw Chad's blog and that he had actually installed and used (at times, exclusively) Linux as an operating system for his day-to-day computing needs, it excited me. As much as I appreciated the freedom of not having to pay money for great software, the thought of getting away with not even having to pay for Windows as an operating system blew my mind. Could I find complete freedom from the chains of the corporate computing world?

Chad's blog actually made it sound easy. And even better, it sounded like you could maybe even revive older hardware with this Linux stuff and make it run better than it ever did with Windows.

[I] recently created what my coworkers are calling the “Ubuntu Lounge”, a computer room on the third floor of our library where I’ve set up four legacy machines to run Xubuntu and Fluxbuntu.

Okay, Chad didn't say specifically in his blog that he made it run better than it ever did with Windows, but after researching these strange and mystical names (Ubuntu, Xubuntu, Fluxbuntu) I started to get the idea that this magical reviving might be possible.

You see, I've had this little HP laptop that I bought back in 2001 that had died of a virus likely downloaded through Kazaa and compounded by a chronic case of Windows ME. To make things worse, the restore disks that I had gotten with the laptop wouldn't work. If I wanted to ever use the thing again, I would have to either find a Windows ME install disk to use with the license I already had, or I would have to shell out money for a Windows XP license. I remember at one time, Chad had actually mentioned that I should look into putting Linux on it, but at the time those happy-go-lucky distributions like Ubuntu never turned up on my radar.

Also, I work at a non-profit that doesn't always have the money to upgrade its hardware, so the thought of using Linux to bring old hardware back to life -- without having to pay for any license fees -- really appealed to me.

After poking around at the different distros on the plate, I decided to try putting Xubuntu on a machine at work that had pretty much stopped limping along in XP. I downloaded the live CD. What a concept, by the way, letting you try out a whole operating system from a CD that doesn't even have to install a single file on your hard drive. After trying it out, I decided to go ahead and install the full version. And guess what -- I liked it.

It's probably because I started out in Xubuntu's XFCE window manager that I still gravitate to it over the more popular KDE and Gnome environments. But I also love it as a great middle ground: not as weighty as KDE and Gnome, but it's user friendliness is so much better than Fluxbox.

Let me take a moment to explain some of these crazy words to the uninitiated. I know they sound confusing.

Linux is the kernel of the system. It's what lets the hardware and software talk to each other. A distribution (or distro) is all the goodies on top of the kernel that make it into something that you can turn on and run the way you expect a computer to do. The distro packages the kernel together with a window manager (which, imagine that, manages your window environment) and a smattering of software that works with the window manager.

• Ubuntu is the name of one of the most popular distros. It packages the Gnome window manager (one of the most popular wm's) with a ton of popular Gnome-based software.
• Kubuntu is a distro in the Ubuntu family that uses the KDE window manager (prettier and far more configurable than Gnome, but somehow less popular overall) with a bunch of KDE-based software.
• The Xubuntu distro uses XFCE as its window manager and generally tries to get away with sofware that doesn't depend too much on the Gnome or KDE libraries.

The above three distros are all canonical distributions of the appropriately named orgnaization Canonical Ltd that engineers, supports and releases updates for them on a regular basis with fancy animal names like Dapper Drake, Edgy Eft, Feisty Fawn, Gutsy Gibbon, and most recently, Hardy Heron.

The Fluxbuntu distro is a non-canonical and non-Canonical distribution that combines the reliability of the Ubuntu base with the ultra-light-weight Fluxbox window manager.

So is all that as clear as mud now? Good. Don't worry, you'll catch on. The beauty of it is that you can install all of the window managers on the same computer and run whichever one you want whenever you log on to your computer. The computer I'm typing on right now came with Vista installed, but I shrunk down the partition and installed Ubuntu, Kubuntu and Xubuntu all together on a separate partition. And you don't necessarily have to install a whole -buntu just to run the software that comes with that distribution. For instance if you like Kubuntu's Amarok music player better than Ubuntu's Rhythmbox, you can have it. Just use your fancy Synaptic Package Manager to install the program, and it will check to make sure that you have all the libraries you need in order to make it work.

If this sounds like a bunch of nerdy jargon and doesn't make much sense, don't worry. Two months ago I wouldn't have understood what I'm talking about. So, in no time, you too can be as nerdy of a noob as me. I pretty much use Xubuntu exclusively at work and at home. If I can do it, then so can you. I can even recommend some required viewing so that when you take the nerd test you'll pass with flying colors. You do know the difference between a TARDIS and a DRADIS, right? I mean, you could potentially catch a TARDIS on the DRADIS, but you're not too likely to see a DRADIS on a TARDIS. And you know that Serenity is in Firefly and is a Firefly at the same time, right? Beats. Bears. Battlestar Galactica. I'm off to Tashi Station to pick up some power converters. Leggy Blonde, goodbye.

[sourcecode language='xml']
# Conky sample configuration
#
# the list of variables has been removed from this file in favour
# of keeping the documentation more maintainable.
# Check http://conky.sf.net for an up-to-date-list.

# Edited by: Wolven

# set to yes if you want Conky to be forked in the background
background no

# X font when Xft is disabled, you can pick one with program xfontsel
#font 5x7
#font 6x10
#font 7x13
#font 8x13
#font 9x15
#font *mintsmild.se*
#font -*-*-*-*-*-*-34-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

# Use Xft?
use_xft yes

# Xft font when Xft is enabled
xftfont DejaVu Sans Mono:size=8

# Text alpha when using Xft
xftalpha 0.8

# Print everything to stdout?
# out_to_console no

# MPD host/port
# mpd_host localhost
# mpd_port 6600
# mpd_password tinker_bell

# Print everything to console?
# out_to_console no

# mail spool
mail_spool $MAIL

# Update interval in seconds
update_interval 2.0

# This is the number of times Conky will update before quitting.
# Set to zero to run forever.
total_run_times 0

# Create own window instead of using desktop (required in nautilus)
own_window yes

# If own_window is yes, you may use type normal, desktop or override
own_window_type normal

# Use pseudo transparency with own_window?
own_window_transparent yes

# If own_window_transparent is set to no, you can set the background colour here
own_window_colour hotpink

# If own_window is yes, these window manager hints may be used
own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager

# Use double buffering (reduces flicker, may not work for everyone)
double_buffer yes

# Minimum size of text area
#minimum_size 180 5

# Draw shades?
draw_shades yes

# Draw outlines?
draw_outline no

# Draw borders around text
draw_borders no

# Draw borders around graphs
draw_graph_borders yes

# Stippled borders?
stippled_borders 8

# border margins
border_margin 4

# border width
border_width 1

# Default colors and also border colors
default_color white
default_shade_color black
default_outline_color white

# Text alignment, other possible values are commented
#alignment top_left
#alignment top_right
alignment bottom_left
#alignment bottom_right
#alignment none

# Gap between borders of screen and text
# same thing as passing -x at command line
gap_x 10
gap_y 46

# Subtract file system buffers from used memory?
no_buffers yes

# set to yes if you want all text to be in uppercase
uppercase no

# number of cpu samples to average
# set to 1 to disable averaging
cpu_avg_samples 2

# number of net samples to average
# set to 1 to disable averaging
net_avg_samples 2

# Force UTF8? note that UTF8 support required XFT
override_utf8_locale yes

# Add spaces to keep things from moving about? This only affects certain objects.
use_spacer yes

# mldonkey_hostname Hostname for mldonkey stuff, defaults to localhost
# mldonkey_port Mldonkey port, 4001 default
# mldonkey_login Mldonkey login, default none
# mldonkey_password Mldonkey password, default none

# boinc (seti) dir
# seti_dir /opt/seti

# Allow for the creation of at least this number of port monitors (if 0 or not set, default is 16)
#min_port_monitors 16

# Allow each port monitor to track at least this many connections (if 0 or not set, default is 256)
#min_port_monitor_connections 256

# none, xmms, bmp, audacious, infopipe (default is none)
#xmms_player audacious

# variable is given either in format $variable or in ${variable}. Latter
# allows characters right after the variable and must be used in network
# stuff because of an argument

# stuff after 'TEXT' will be formatted on screen

TEXT
${color FFFFCC}CPU: ${color }$cpu% ${color D3D3D3}- ${color FFFFCC}MEM: ${color }$memperc% ${color D3D3D3}- ${color FFFFCC}File System: ${color }${fs_bar 8,64 /} ${color D3D3D3}- ${color FFFFCC}Upload: ${color }${upspeedgraph eth0 8,64 000000 ffffff} ${color D3D3D3}- ${color FFFFCC}Download: ${color }${downspeedgraph eth0 8,64 000000 ffffff}
${color FFFFCC}Audacious: ${color }${audacious_title}
[/sourcecode]

So I want to install linux on this mini server with only 2 Gigs of space, but most today distros need more than that. So Debian standard system with Xfce it is.

Most newbies like me, don't know that you need to install xorg first, then install the preferable desktop manager like GNOME, KDE, or maybe Xfce.

Simply said, these are the steps :

1. Update the repository
2. Install the required packages
3. Configure xorg
4. configure ALSA sound
5. start gdm / restart

And here are the commands :

[sourcecode language='xml']
apt-get update
apt-get install xserver-xorg-core xorg alsa-base alsa-utils hal udev gdm xfce4 xfce4-goodies xfce4-mixer xfce4-mixer-alsa thunar-archive-plugin
dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg
alsaconf
gdm
[/sourcecode]

and... it's done :)