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<title><![CDATA[Werther]]></title>
<link>http://laperiodicarevisiondominical.wordpress.com/?p=15</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 13 Jul 2008 19:45:16 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>laperiodicarevisiondominical</dc:creator>
<guid>http://laperiodicarevisiondominical.wordpress.com/?p=15</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ 
Quiero dedicar estas notas a los únicos tres casos en torno a Werther de los que en la actualida]]></description>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Quiero dedicar estas notas a los únicos tres casos en torno a <em>Werther</em> de los que en la actualidad tenemos información difusa aunque no inverosímil. Según <strong>Pierre Ajame</strong>, el fenómeno que suscitaría la obra hacia 1778 no estaría más que rodeado de malentendidos. <a href="http://laperiodicarevisiondominical.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/unjardc3adinenunun1.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-16" src="http://laperiodicarevisiondominical.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/unjardc3adinenunun1.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="200" /></a>La inspiración y el culto narcisista que fuera el <em>leitmotiv</em> de los románticos, acaso hoy podamos verlo como un entretejido de otros Werthers <em>funcionales</em> al original, sujetos a los que la extemporaneidad o el castigo de un origen impreciso sobre la Tierra expulsarían inevitablemente de la obra. </span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">El primero, según Ajame, data del siglo XVI. Infante ilegítimo de una noble estirpe florentina, “<em>no creció más que para entrar en la Iglesia</em>” y muy prontamente buscó el camino de la teología. Una modesta fortuna lo habría predispuesto a una vida holgada y en permanente tránsito: pasó una larga temporada en Polonia, luego de habitar en Alger y Alejandría. Por entonces conoció algunas buenas mujeres de las que se enamoró fatalmente, entre ellas una joven esclava de sangre española a la que no pudo más que enviar de vuelta a casa a causa de su virginidad. Hëust Lauthus habría sido un joven solitario durante su primera juventud; defensor de la vida <em>dilettante</em>,<span>  </span>se alejó de las supersticiones de sus contemporáneos atraído por las ciencias ocultas. Nadie niega una contradicción a este respecto. Su ligazón al inefable mundo de la alquimia lo llevó a la pronosticación; vaticinaría que “<em>la ley cristiana, la judía y la mahometana no serían más que tres fecundas imposturas</em>”; más tarde, la frase sería atribuida a su némesis, Albérico de Numi. Aliado de<span>  </span>bárbaros y cirujanos repatriados, confeso discípulo de <strong>Plinio</strong>, acaso la <em>rage de savoir</em> no previese el desatino y la cólera de sus últimos días.<span>  El</span> hermetismo lo condenaría al abandono de sus colegas y aún a la muerte. <strong>Goethe</strong> secretamente valoró su “<em>impiedad y ateísmo</em>” (Goethe, 1821, 75), lo que llevara a Lauthus a la mesa de ejecución hacia 1569. No obstante, el hecho no es comprobable. El <em>D’Atala à Zazie</em> (Pierre Ajame, 1981, 395) corrobora que hubo de quitarse la vida un año antes, al recibir una negativa de su primera enamorada Jeannette Fauconnier. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Tenemos poca información del segundo caso, aunque no falsas intuiciones. Su origen así como la procedencia de su fortuna permanecen injustificables. Se supo que era hombre de ciencias hasta que se consagró absolutamente a las letras cuando hubo de consumar una educación con ciertos visos autodidactas: Uther Rouen no viviría más que hasta los treinta años alojado en una gigantesca biblioteca que albergaría cincuenta mil volúmenes. Siempre anémico y de un incurable nerviosismo, sus biógrafos no descartan ciertos accesos de esquizofrenia. Amaba los perfumes, el culto de los objetos<span>  </span>y la rebeldía banal; su ideal de mundo habríase detenido en la obra de <strong>Rabelais</strong>. Rouen pasaba sus días mofándose de su derredor y de sí mismo. Expulsaba amantes con las mismas ansias con las que se arrojaba a una tristeza “<em>perfecta</em>”. Compuso algunas obras que permanecieron en el anonimato. Hoy en día aún son asequibles bajo el rótulo de <em>Memorias del pensionario</em>, larga observación sobre el mal, el flagelo del amor y el displacer del sexo. La única mujer a la que amó practicaba el ventrilocuismo en un pueblo de las afueras de Munich. Rouen nunca pudo tolerar<span>  </span>que fuese presa de una insalvable enfermedad venérea que traería consigo su muerte. Se quitó la vida pocas semanas después en su casa de Weimar. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">El tercer caso es acaso el que Goethe haya escondido con mayor celo. En las notas que no formarían parte de <em>Poesía y Verdad</em> dejó algunos indicios acerca de Thèrese Amaris, quien fuera su primer Werther al igual que su primera amante y a la que descartaría de su obra<span>  </span>por ser fémina. Thèrese era pálida y hermosa, de una sensualidad abrumadora. Habría nacido en Erfurt y desde una muy temprana edad fue confinada al sacrificio de una vida campesina. La pobreza de sus primeros años la condujo primero a la envidia y luego al orgullo. Amante efusiva, odiaba el campo y atravesó la desdicha de un matrimonio insensato que la alejase de su pasado. Así se iniciaría una larga escalada de amoríos siempre agrios. Thèrese no desestimaba el dinero tanto como la tristeza. Fue presa de la aventura y de la ingenuidad, acaso dos caras de la misma moneda. Diversos sujetos le ofrecieron el bienestar de la vida burguesa que siempre había deseado a cambio del placer de pasearse junto a ella; en realidad, los ofrecimientos eran insinceros y vanos; ella rechazaría oscuramente a todo aquél por el que no valiese la pena sufrir. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Las notas de Goethe aluden a un suicidio fallido a la edad de treinta años. Moriría diez años después al ingerir una dosis de arsénico. <em></em></span></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[TEXTUAL EXAMPLES OF NUMBER SYMBOLISM 16th - 18th CENTURIES]]></title>
<link>http://ccwe.wordpress.com/?p=144</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2008 06:54:40 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ccwe</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ccwe.wordpress.com/?p=144</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper was given by Kathryn LaFevers Evans
at ASE 3rd International Conference, “Esotericism,]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://ccwe.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/boehme.jpg"><img src="http://ccwe.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/boehme.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-146" /></a></p>
<p>This paper was given by Kathryn LaFevers Evans<br />
at ASE 3rd International Conference, “Esotericism, Religion, and Nature”<br />
May 29 - June 1, 2008<br />
College of Charleston, South Carolina   </p>
<p><strong>L’École Abstraite: Coincidentia Oppositorum as a Dialectic of Love:16th-18th Centuries </strong></p>
<p>	Textual examples of number symbolism document the propagation into Early Modern esotericism of a key concept: coincidence of opposites as a dialectic of love. The architecture of this fortification or Palace of Divine Love represents in physical geometric form the spiritual ideas of l’école abstraite, the abstract school of thought. The key texts compared herein—Jacques Lefèvre d’Étaples’ De Magia naturali, François Rabelais’ Gargantua and Pantagruel, Jacob Boehme’s The ‘Key’, and Laurence Sterne’s The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman—demonstrate the inheritance of this subfield of esotericism, l’école abstraite. </p>
<p>Lefèvre (1455-1536) synthesized mythological, philosophical, theological and scientific theories and practices into a wholly-interpenetrating, esoteric worldview utilizing coincidentia oppositorum, termed such by the fifteenth-century cardinal, Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464). Particularly Book II of Lefèvre’s unpublished treatise On Natural Magic  is exemplary of Early Modern esotericism’s inheritance of l’école abstraite, the abstract school of thought. </p>
<p>Kent Emery Jr. asserts that Lefèvre’s teachings contributed to the evolution of l’ecole abstraite, an indigenous French school of spirituality the influence of which reached to the philosophy of Hegel. Emery traces the tradition from John Scotus Erigena (800-877) to Ramon Lull (AmicAmat 1276-83) to Nicholas of Cusa, and emphasizes that Lefèvre reinforced teachings of mystic Church Fathers such as St. Bonaventure (1221-1274) and the Victorines, which were then later legitimized by Lefèvre’s students Josse Clichtove (1472-1543) and Charles de Bovelles (1479-1553), then by the Capuchin Benet of Canfield (1562-1611), then Laurent de Paris (1563-1631) who spoke of le palais de l’amour divin. Regarding Benet of Canfield, and his contemporary Laurent de Paris, Emery says, “For both, the principle of the coincidence of opposites is central” (Emery online, dates mine). In De Magia naturali Book II Chapter 4, Lefèvre himself claims a more ancient lineage for this tradition of numerical ascension along the chains to Idea:</p>
<p>	<em>Quam Mercurius, quam Zÿmoxchis, quam Zoroaster, denique divinus Plato,<br />
posteaque eam Egiptios magos concesserat, tantopere desiderabant [. . .].</em>Which Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus, which Zalmoxis, which Zoroaster, and<br />
thereupon the divine Plato, and after he had departed the Egyptian magicians, of such measure were longing for [. . .]. (Evans II:58, f. 202) </p>
<p><a href="http://ccwe.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/francois_rabelais_-_portrait.jpg"><img src="http://ccwe.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/francois_rabelais_-_portrait.jpg?w=240" alt="" width="240" height="300" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-147" /></a></p>
<p>Francois Rabelais</p>
<p>Categorized most specifically, I find that Book II embodies Christian Kabbalah, which is encompassed by the overarching abstract school of thought, later coined l’école abstraite by Benet of Canfield.  The network during Lefèvre’s time of those now labeled Christian Kabbalists, included his compatriot François Rabelais (1483-1553). He is suggested to have used Lefèvre as the model for his satirized good theologian Hippothadée in The Third Book of Gargantua and Pantagruel (Œuvres Complètès L’Intégrale, Index des Personnages 998, “Hippothadée”). Jacob Boehme (1575-1624), a seventeenth-century self-identified receiver of God’s Will, in turn transmits l’école abstraite in The ‘Key’ through describing the physical architecture representing spiritual experiences. The primal architecture of this fortress or Palace of Divine Love is the binary juxtaposition of Above and below, married in a love-triangle or Trinitarian love-nexus generated out of that binary. Never tiring of the basic physical joke of satirically inverting sublime intimacies, Laurence Sterne (1713-1768), in Tristram Shandy, reenacts the key concept of coincidence of opposites as a dialectic of love through satirized incarnations of the binary, enacting a divine comedy to the very end of his voluminous text. </p>
<p> Where, in Lefèvre’s and Boehme’s texts we receive sublimely mythopoetic incarnations of divine love, through Rabelais and Sterne we receive a sacrifice of that dearest experience, yet offered in such a way as to effect the healing purpose of satirical learned wit. Each in their own way, these thinkers propagate an esoteric, wholly-interpenetrating worldview where all are in love, all are saved.</p>
<p>	In the title of De Magia naturali Book II Chapter 10, Lefèvre employs the umbrella term, “Priscae velatae Theologiae” or “Ancient veils of Theology” (Evans II:80, f. 213). Throughout Book II, Lefèvre unveils mythology, theology, and philosophy to reveal a theory, practice and experience of number as Idea. He reveals how the limit of the metaphorical imagery in disciplines is duality, the binary coincidence of opposites, symbolized by the number 2. The Magic in Lefèvre’s number mysticism is based on human experience of numerical ascension from man to God, achieved through the number 3. Renaissance esotericists conceived of this prisca theologia as embodied in the Trinity through the Spirit of Christ. Theirs was a wholly-interpenetrating vision of universal Holy Spirit beyond dualistic boundaries, demonstrated in the topic of Lefèvre’s Book II, which he calls “Pythagorean philosophy”, and which he equates to “Cabala” and prophetic teachings (Evans Ch. 1 II:50, f. 198; Ch. 14 II:89-90, f. 217-218v). The Magic ternary or number 3 is identified in Chapter 1 as the Venusian love-nexus: “Venereum amorem, et inferioris potentiae appetitusque nexum . . . Venus is love, and love-nexus of the inferior power and longing . . .” (Evans II:51, f. 199v). In Chapter 3, Lefèvre details planetary effects on the earthly resulting from similars’ affinity to similars through the “benignity” of archetypes who embody this coincidence of opposites as a dialectic of love:</p>
<p>And Jupiter along with Venus, celestial love-nexus of benevolence, sound in unison their approach reciprocally nearest to benignity, as of all magical accordances, through their path benignity is sanctioned. And in truth not only the celestial to the celestial accord, but also the celestial to the earthly. [. . .] The influence consequently of the eighth circle, and also of the Moon, earth feels the greatest. Of Saturn and Mercury water, of Jove and Venus air, of Mars and Sun fire. And this agreed upon proportionate admixture of theirs, Empedocles of the Pythagoreans, who merely rightly inferred by conjecture, that matter is saved by concordant discord, by a love-relationship truly interior . (Evans Ch. 3 II:56-57, f. 201-202v)</p>
<p>This sexualized, though clearly metaphorical coincidence of opposites in ritual theological couples Lefèvre adopts as the primal mythopoetic scaffolding for De Magia naturali, describing that mythologized genesis of creation as “the mitigation of re-creation,” and justifying its use with the explanation “such that minds more easily understand” (Evans Ch. 7 II:67, f. 207v). Lefèvre delineates the inferior terrestrial numbers of the body and the Superior celestial numbers of the soul, forming the first binary relationship: “[. . .] primus ergo binarius.” “[. . .] the first [number] is therefore the binary .” This binary, the primal exilic metaphor of the Fall, he mythologizes as androgynous unity in the term “mons binarii,” “the mountain of the binary,” synonymous with the axis mundi or World Pillar. All other numbers emmanate from 2. (Evans Ch. 7 II:68-9, f. 207-208v)</p>
<p>For Christian Kabbalists, the exilic Fall from One to 2 is expressed mythologically in the story of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden, and in Jesus’ birth as the Son of God. The final Christian salvation from exile is expressed sacrificially through Jesus’ crucifixion when he becomes Christ, the Spirit that unites God and man, completing ascension to the Trinity. Likewise, Natural Magic resolves exile through number symbolism incarnate in mythological beings. Lefèvre employs the descending and ascending chains of the numerical, celestial and angelic spheres, on which man ascends to the divine. In Chapter 10, he claims that the numbers to the mystery of the magi (magicians) and the numbers to the mystery of the prophets are the same, that this “ancient veil of theology” is in concordance with Christian theology, and that Judaic Kabbalah is not unworthy (Evans II:80, f. 213; Ch. 14 II:89, f. 217). Eugene F. Rice explains how Lefèvre relates God’s delight in the number 3, and associates the triangle with the Trinity: “From the triangle all things come; it is the beginning, middle and end. [. . .] It inspires love of justice and equity, for the equilateral triangle is the figure of aequalitas” (“The De Magia Naturali of Jacques Lefèvre d’Étaples” 24)</p>
<p>Echoing Lefèvre, what the triangle symbolizes to Boehme is described thus: “Nothing and All; Alpha and Omega, the Eternal Beginning and the Eternal End; the Trinity Unmanifest” (The ‘Key’ 56).<br />
I saw the Being of all Beings, the Ground and the Abyss, also the birth of the Holy Trinity, the origin and the first state of the world and of all creatures. I saw in myself the three worlds—the Divine or angelic world; the dark world, the original of Nature; and the external world, as a substance spoken forth out of the two spiritual worlds . . . In my inward man I saw it well, as in a great deep; for I saw right through as into a chaos where everything lay wrapped, but I could not unfold it. Yet from time to time it opened itself within me like a growing plant. […] The work is none of mine; I am but the Lord’s instrument, with which He does what He wills. (74)</p>
<p>Adam’s fall is symbolized as a divorce from Sophia into two triangles, which move again towards complete union, towards “the most significant Character in all the Universe” [the hexagram] (74).<br />
Boehme describes the Holy Eucharist, Holy Communion in Divine Marriage:</p>
<p>[…] the Children of Adam [. . .] are Images of GOD […] Wherefore also they are distinguished from the Angels by this peculiar Character [hexagram symbol] which is not contrived by human Speculation, but is written in the Book of Nature by the Finger of God; for it points directly, not only at the Creation of this third Principle in six Days; but also at fallen and divorced Adam’s Reunion with the Divine Virgin SOPHIA. (80)</p>
<p><a href="http://ccwe.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/sterne_laurence.jpg"><img src="http://ccwe.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/sterne_laurence.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-148" /></a></p>
<p>Laurence Sterne</p>
<p>The importance of mathematically generated symbols—such as the triangle and the hexagram—to esoteric thought is readily communicated through satire, since the satiric genre embodies the foundation from which to generate such symbols from Ideas: the comic juxtapositions and reversals of High and low. Satirists’ construction of the coincidence of opposites centers the Holy Spirit itself as the battleground between High and low, and thus the rightful territory of satire. The Ideas and forms of number symbolism have also long been ensconced in military allegory by its practioners, whether seriously or satirically, Ephraim Chamber's Cyclopedia cites this fact in the definition of fortification: “Some Authors go back to the Beginning of the World, for the Author and Origin of Military Architecture. According to them, GOD himself was the first Engeneer; and Paradice, or the Garden of Eden, the first Forteresse” (“Fortification” 79 U of Wisc online). Under the obsessive manipulations of Sterne’s military character Uncle Toby, the precious hexagram form is satirically distorted into a hexagon fortification, as Sterne would have seen Chamber’s “Fortification” just so illustrated.<br />
D. W. Jefferson has pointed to the direct influence on Sterne’s Tristram Shandy of Urquhart and Motteux’s first English translation of Rabelais’ third book (Jefferson 150). Turning to The Third Book then, Neopythagoreanism, Neoplatonism and Christian Kabbalah are foundational throughout in such teachings as the significance of numbers. That significance is demonstrated through Panurge’s satirical defense of debtors:</p>
<p>Debts: A thing most precious and dainty, of great Use and Antiquity. Debts, (I say) surmounting the number of Syllables which may result from the Combinations of all the Consonants, with each of the Vowels heretofore projected, reckoned and calculated by the Noble Xenocrates. To judge of the perfection of Debtors by the Numerosity of their Creditors, is the readiest way for entring into the Mysteries of Practical Arithmetick. (310) </p>
<p>“Practical” here connotes the esoteric technique, or practice of number symbolism and numerical ascension. Reversing the mechanics of that cosmic hierarchy, Rabelais contends that Debt is the essential divine relationship rather than Love; Debt sets the universe in motion, not Love. The religious reversal is then amplified as Rabelais throws sex, and then war, into the equation. Panurge abstractly ponders the passion in his own nuptial coupling and what he concludes is the reason for the saying, “the Debt of Marriage” (Rabelais 317). Linking that chain next to a military allegory, Panurge denigrates second marriages to widows of war (320-21). Enter Sterne’s character Uncle Toby and the apparent impotence of a passionate desire, in the end, towards the Widow Wadman. Uncle Toby is obsessively practicing on his military Hobby-Horse in the central battleground of Holy Spirit. What endears this esoteric military allegory to us is that this interior territory, this love-relationship truly interior, embodies the touchstone of sacrifice. Therein is Uncle Toby’s double victory of sacrificing both passion and divine love, as demonstrated in the construction of his drawbridge:<br />
“It turned it seems upon hinges at both ends of it, opening in the middle, one half of which turning to one side of the fosse, and the other to the other; the advantage of which was this, that by dividing the weight of the bridge into two equal portions, it impowered my uncle Toby to raise it up or let it down with the end of his crutch, and with one hand, which, as his garrison was weak, was as much as he could well spare—but the disadvantages of such a construction were insurmountable;—for by this means, he would say, I leave one half of my bridge in my enemy’s possession—and pray of what use is the other?” (Jefferson 21)  </p>
<p>At the end of the story, after “THE INVOCATION” of Cervantes and his “mystic mantle,” I interpret that Sterne’s character Tristram recommends we sacrifice both divine love and human passion or debt:<br />
[…] there must be ups and downs, or how the duce whould we get into vallies where Nature spreads so many tables of entertainment. […] for heaven’s and for your own sake, pay it—pay it with both hands open […]. (Sterne 571-72)</p>
<p>	Hence, in a triangle of aequalitas, Uncle Toby’s Hobby-Horse drawbridge leverages both the camps of God and man in a spiritually redemptive sacrifice, thus securing victory. Melvyn New provides a clue to this conclusion in the Editor’s Introduction, where he describes the nature of Sterne’s sermons: “Above all, he denies the possibility of happiness or morality without religion, and asserts again and again the Providential design of the world […] from the first Adam’s fall to the second Adam’s (Christ’s) redemptive sacrifice” (xli). So I conclude that when satirists in the tradition of learned wit invert sublime intimacies through sexual and military allegory, neither an embrace nor an offense is intended, but rather complete surrender to Divine Will in love. </p>
<p>The telltale binary clue to Sterne’s propagation of the abstract school of thought is sounded loudly at the story’s end, where Tristram’s father’s “Bull,” lent for animal husbandry purposes to their servant, reappears. It is then that Sterne likens human progeny to such two-horned beasts as satyrs. So not only is the binary number 2 allegorized in the love-nexus between Uncle Toby and the Widow Wadman, but that same dialectic of love has borne the beastly fruit of Tristram, instead of the Holy Trinity. His father Walter embodies the coincidence of opposites in that the name Walter can be traced through its manifestations as Bon Gaultier, Merry Walter, Robin Goodfellow, Puck or Pooka, and thus back to the two-horned pagan god Bucca or Boucca (“Puck Through the Ages” online; “The Boucca Society” online). By all counts, the binary Walter should have spawned the Thrice-Blessed Trismegistus as planned. Fortunately for lovers of satirical learned wit, the mere mortal Tristram was born, and along with him this “Cock and Bull” tale for our instruction and delight.     </p>
<p><strong>Works Cited</strong><br />
Boehme, Jacob. The ‘Key’ of Jacob Boehme. Trans. William Law. Illus. D.A. Freher. Intro. Adam McLean. Grand Rapids: Phanes Press, 1991.<br />
Emery, Kent Jr. “Mysticism and the Coincidence of Opposites in<br />
Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century France.” Journal of the History of Ideas. (ABC-CLIO) 1984, vol. 45(1). 22 Jan. 2003. 3-23. JSTOR, (San Marcos, Calif.).<br />
“Fortification.” University of Wisconsin. 20 February 2008.<br />
	http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/HistSciTech/HistSciTech-idx?type=turn&#38;entity=HistSciTech000900240826.<br />
“Fortification Plate.” University of Wisconsin. 20 February 2008.<br />
	http://images.library.wisc.edu/HistSciTech/EFacs//Cyclopaedia/Cyclopaedia01/XL/0795.jpg.<br />
Jefferson, D. W. “Tristram Shandy and the Tradition of Learned Wit.” Laurence Sterne: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views. Ed. John Traugott. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. 148-167.<br />
“Puck Through the Ages.” BoldOutlaw. 20 February 2008.<br />
http://www.boldoutlaw.com/puckrobin/puckages.html<br />
Rabelais, François. Gargantua and Pantagruel. Tr. Sir Thomas Urquhart and Pierre Le Motteux. Intro. Terence Cave. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994.<br />
---. Œuvres Complètès. L’Intégrale. Ed. Guy Demerson. Paris: Seuil, 1973.<br />
Reuchlin, Johannes. On the Art of the Kabbalah: De Arte Cabalistica. Trans. Martin and Sarah Goodman. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1994.</p>
<p>Sterne, Laurence. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. Ed. Melvyn New and Joan New. London: Penguin, 2003.<br />
“The Boucca Society.” Pagan Heart. 20 February 2008.<br />
http://www.pagan-heart.co.uk/worldmoots/newzealandmoots.html</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Panurge dit tout et n'entend rien! ]]></title>
<link>http://presenceweb.wordpress.com/?p=1781</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 29 Jun 2008 14:46:20 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>wanders harry</dc:creator>
<guid>http://presenceweb.wordpress.com/?p=1781</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
Dans
le cadre de la Dégelée Rabelais organisée en Languedoc-Roussillon,
cette exposition prend c]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
Dans<br />
le cadre de la Dégelée Rabelais organisée en Languedoc-Roussillon,<br />
cette exposition prend comme modèle le personnage de Panurge et la<br />
manière dont il bouscule le langage pour en révéler les ambiguïtés, les<br />
limites et les conventions.</p>
<h3><a class="bl_itemtitle" title="annonces" href="http://www.paris-art.com/agenda/expos/d_annonce/Marcel-Broodthaers-Abdelkader-Benchamma-Panurge-dit-tout-et-n-entend-rien-11412.html" target="_blank">&#62;&#62;&#62; Panurge dit tout ...</a></h3>
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<title><![CDATA[Portland pig out]]></title>
<link>http://hilarynangle.wordpress.com/?p=82</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 14 Jun 2008 16:22:59 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Hilary Nangle</dc:creator>
<guid>http://hilarynangle.wordpress.com/?p=82</guid>
<description><![CDATA[My foodie friend E visited Portland for a quick overnight, and I made it my mission to cover as many]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My foodie friend E visited Portland for a quick overnight, and I made it my mission to cover as many Portland food highlights as possible, between her arrival at 1:30 p.m. and my needing to hit the road by 8 a.m.</p>
<p><a href="http://hilarynangle.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/duckfat.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-86" src="http://hilarynangle.wordpress.com/files/2008/06/duckfat.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="280" /></a>We began with French fries at <a href="http://www.duckfat.com">Duckfat</a>, crossed the street to peruse (and buy) books at <a href="http://www.rabelaisbooks.com">Rabelais</a>, grabbed a cookie (okay, three) at Two Fat Cats Bakery (part of the <a href="http://www.forestreet.biz">Fore Street</a> empire), moseyed through <a href="http://www.micucci.com">Miccuci's</a>, then after checking in at the Portland Harbour Hotel, walked down to B<a href="http://www.brownetrading.com">rowne Trading Co</a>. to purchase a bottle of wine to accompany the herbed goat cheese from Painted Pepper Farm that E had purchased at the Bar Harbor Farmers Market.</p>
<p>Quick aside: <a href="http://www.paintedpepperfarm.com">Painted Pepper Farm</a>, in Steuben, makes yogurt and goat cheese from its herd of Nigerian goats as well as organic maple syrup and granola. If you get the opportunity, taste these products. The yogurts are especially delicious, more in the European style, with quite a tang. The honey ginger and the maple cream are both exceptional; and the plain is simply lovely drizzled over fresh fruit. I've found it at farmers markets in the Acadia region as well as at health food stores in various locations, including Rising Tide, in Damariscotta, and Royal River, in Yarmouth.</p>
<p>After our wine and cheese, we tromped up to <a href="http://fivefifty-five.com">Five-Fifty-Five</a> for a 6 p.m. reservation. Chef Steve Corry is one of Portland's best; he's been a James Beard nominee and he's won Best New Chef distinction from Food &#38; Wine. His menus are fresh, creative and fun, and the food is fabulous.</p>
<p>Although we'd originally considered the tasting menu (5 courses for $55--555, get it?), instead we created our own, sharing two small plates and two savory plates and a dessert, all accompanied by a nice Vouvray. Out first came a basket of sourdough bread and foccacia, with chive butter. I think that disappeared within five minutes, although we both had vowed not to fill up with bread.</p>
<p>Next came the small plates: First, wild smoked mackerel, with heritage bacon lardon, paprika deviled egg and radish frisee salad. This was a composed plate, with each component distinct. While the flavors of each stood out on their own, when blended, the result was sublime. Second was a braised veal shank tartlet made with fresh rosemary-scented chevre, flaky pastry crust, Fishbowl farm's spicy greens and trio of spring onions. Oh my! This was so melt-in-the-mouth delish. Just thinking about it makes me smile and salivate.</p>
<p>For our savory plates, we chose 555's renowned lobster mac and cheese--renowned for a reason. Corry once told me that he thinks of this as a winter dish, but every time he takes it off the menu, he has to bring it back due to demand. You bet I'll demand it again, even if it's 90 degrees and humid. A bit lighter, but no less delicious was the spring vegetable risotto. And while, yeah, it sounds like a carb-heavy meal with two starches, I'd order it all again.</p>
<p>After dinner, we waddled down Congress Street and strolled into Others, Brad McCurtain's coffee/tea/sweets/gelato shop. Brad roasts his own coffee, makes the gelato, makes it a practice to employee those in need and donates all profits to local causes. And yeah, that gelato is mighty fine.</p>
<p>Before hitting the road home this morning, I introduced E to <a href="http://www.beckysdiner.com">Becky's</a> for breakfast, which she cooed would become a must-stop whenever she's in town. (and note: Becky's now has a take out window open for late-night munchies--to 3 a.m.!). A quick return to Miccuci's for some of baker Stephen Lanzalotta's amazing bread, and my work was done, until next time--let's see, Fore Street, Evangeline, Hugo's, Cinque Terre, Ribolitta and--oh Portland has so many fine restaurants, and of course she must taste an Amato's Italian and Little Lad's popcorn and Norm's mashed potatoes and...</p>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[Rabelais...]]></title>
<link>http://tripsathome.wordpress.com/?p=76</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 06 May 2008 22:32:21 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>elfproductions</dc:creator>
<guid>http://tripsathome.wordpress.com/?p=76</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I was looking through a box of papers and came across a poem that I had scribbled down from a book. ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I was looking through a box of papers and came across a poem that I had scribbled down from a book. It was from 1998 from the Blue Moon Bookstore in Asheville, N.C. and it was the English translation to a poem by the French writer Rabelais.</p>
<p>Here it is:</p>
<p>Let life laugh loud, since laugh it must</p>
<p>Before it seals our months with dust</p>
<p>Let life laugh when it shall laugh</p>
<p>Our simple mutual epitaph</p>
<p>For we shall be together, friend.</p>
<p>It is yours as well as mine, this end of old obscenities and young</p>
<p>So laugh until your bell has rung</p>
<p>No more compete, no more compare</p>
<p> </p>
<p>But gaily seize in empty air</p>
<p>These moments grace you or me</p>
<p>In which to tease eternity</p>
<p>O laugh your very loveliest</p>
<p>For both of us!</p>
<p>And may your zest</p>
<p>Loosen one last coil in my dead throat!</p>
<p>So have I lived and so I wrote.</p>
<p> </p>
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<title><![CDATA[passer le gué ...]]></title>
<link>http://lecheminsouslesbuis.wordpress.com/?p=182</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 18 Apr 2008 17:20:27 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>lecheminsouslesbuis</dc:creator>
<guid>http://lecheminsouslesbuis.wordpress.com/?p=182</guid>
<description><![CDATA[________________________
incarnation de lointains ancêtres,
et mémoire oubliée de peuples antique]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>________________________</p>
<p>incarnation de lointains ancêtres,</p>
<p>et mémoire oubliée de peuples antiques …</p>
<p>________________________</p>
<p><em><strong>"...ou que nous attendons sur les gués par où passent leurs routes de migration."</strong></em></p>
<p>C't'amusant, depuis que je m'interroge un peu sur les gués, je n'arrête pas de voir partout des références à ce sujet. Quand ça se passe comme ça, ma sorcière dit qu'il y a de l'écho et j'aime bien cette expression, c'est exactement ça ... de l'écho ... première référence : dans le bouquin que je suis en train de lire sur Mélusine, enfin plutôt que j'essaie de lire parce qu'il faut bien avouer que c'est parfois assez chiant ... dans le contenu mais aussi dans la présentation, comme ce procédé de renvoyer toutes les notes en fin de chapitre : je vois difficilement mieux pour casser la lecture et la concentration... C'est pourtant dans ces notes que j'ai trouvé les références d'un article :"R. Louis, "une coutume d'origine préhistorique : les combats sur les gués chez les Celtes et chez les Germains". Je n'ai aucune idée de ce que ce monsieur Louis peut dire des combats sur les gués, mais la première partie de la phrase "une coutume d'origine préhistorique" me permet de faire très arbitrairement le lien entre mes deux époques de prédilection même si je n'ai aucune idée non plus de ce qui peut permettre à ce monsieur Louis de prétendre que c'est une coutume d'origine préhistorique ... certainement pas le fait que les "hommes du renne" attendaient leurs proies au passage des gués, quoi que ... sait-on jamais ...<br />
Quoi qu'il en soit, les références au gué sont nombreuses dans la mythologie celtique et cette coutume mystérieuse du combat dans les gués a été attestée dans les textes et prouvée par l'archéologie<br />
Il y a d'abord Cuchulainn qui, lors de la malédiction des Ulates (condamnés à une faiblesse périodique par la déesse Macha et incapables de se battre),à laquelle il est le seul à échapper, se positionne  sur Ath Gabla (le Gué de la Fourche) de manière à repousser les troupes de la reine Medb (Razzia des Vaches de Cooley)<br />
Cúchulainn, mené par son cocher Lóeg, arrive à un gué dont la gardienne lave le linge ensanglanté du héros, ce qui présage de sa mort prochaine. Passant le gué, il arrive dans la plaine de Muirthemné, où l’attendent ses ennemis.<br />
Cette allusion à la gardienne d'un gué peut évoquer les "Parques" celtiques, ancêtres des "lavandières de la nuit", qui  lavent sur un gué, c'est-à-dire à la frontière de l'Autre-Monde, les dépouilles des héros qui vont bientôt périr ...<br />
(il est question quelque part, mais je ne m'en souviens que de mémoire, des Nones gauloises -contraction de "matrones" ?- qui seraient les déesses du destin...)</p>
<p>Dans un épisode  apparaît une anguille. C'est le résultat d'une métamorphose de la Morrigane/ Bodb (corneille), ou déesse de la guerre qui, dépitée de ne pas être aimée du héros Cuchulainn, vient sous cette forme dans le gué où il combat contre les hommes d'Irlande et s'enroule autour de sa jambe. Cuchulainn l'arrache brutalement et la jette contre les rochers</p>
<p>La route principale de la province d'Ulster va jusqu'au "Gué de la Veille" où Conall, "un bon guerrier des Ulates s'y tient pour veiller et protéger et pour que des guerriers étrangers ne viennent pas chez les Ulates les provoquer au combat".</p>
<p>La rivalité entre Conall (héros Ulate, frère de lait de Cuchulainn) et Cet (guerrier du Connaught dont un druide a prédit qu'il tuerait la moitié des hommes d'Ulster) prend fin après un raid de ce dernier dans le Leinster, où il tue vingt-sept guerriers et leur tranche la tête. Conall peut le suivre à la trace du sang laissée dans la neige, il le rattrape à un gué et le tue dans un combat épique, tout en étant lui-même blessé.</p>
<p>Après la mort du roi Conchobar et de son fils Cormac Cond Longas, on propose la royauté d’Ulster à Conall qui la refuse, ayant mieux à faire chez Ailill et Medb en Connaught. Le roi ayant une nouvelle maîtresse, son épouse demande à Conall de le tuer, ce qu'il fait avant de réussir à s’enfuir, mais il est rattrapé par les guerriers du Connaught qui le tuent au gué de Na Mianna (aujourd’hui Ballyconnell, comté de Cavan)</p>
<p>Laissons Cuchulainn pour  la bataille de Mag-Tured :  la Morrigane a invité le grand dieu Dagda à la rejoindre à sa maison près du gué. « L’un des pieds de la femme dans l’eau touchait Allod-Eche au sud ; l’autre pied également dans l’eau touchait Lescuin au nord. Neuf tresses flottaient détachées de sa tête. Dagda s’unit à elle. Dès lors cet endroit s’appela le lit des époux. » Elle prédit à Dagda l’arrivée des Fomore,  le jour de la bataille et qu'elle tuerait leur roi « elle versait du sang d’Indech plein ses deux mains à l’armée qui attendait l’ennemi au gué ». Ce gué s’appela « gué de l’anéantissement ».</p>
<p>C'est aussi dans un gué qu'a lieu un combat entre deux druides, par disciple interposé, Mog Ruith et Colphta: Colphta, l'Orgueilleux , un des cinq druides du roi Cormac , son aspect terrifiant ne l'empêche pas d'être vaincu par le druide Cennmar , disciple de Mog Ruith.</p>
<p>Toujours en Irlande, une Triade cite : Trí hátha Hérenn: Áth Clíath, Áth Lúain, Áth Caille.<br />
Les trois gués d'Irlande : Ath Cliath (Gué des Claies), Athlone (Gué de Luan), Ath Caille (Gué du Bois).</p>
<p>Ath Liag Finn: C'est le nom d'un gué où Finn jeta une pierre plate tenue par une chaîne d'or, cadeau d'une femme du sidh. La légende dit que la pierre et la chaîne seront ramenées un dimanche, par une ondine, sept jours avant que ce monde ne finisse.</p>
<p>Arawn, maître d'Annwn -l'Autre-Monde- , propose à Pwyll qu'ils échangent leurs royaumes à condition que ce dernier batte, mais sans le tuer son rival Hafgan lors d'un duel sur un gué . Il y réussit</p>
<p>Dans le cycle Arthurien, Lancelot doit combattre un chevalier, Alybon, gardien du gué de la Reine, sur l'Humbrie, aux ordres de Guenièvre (ce qui rappelle aussi les combats avec le Chevalier Noir, gardien de la source de la Dame de la Fontaine...).Gué éminemment symbolique puisque c'est là qu'au temps de sa conquête, Arthur a rallié ses meilleurs chevaliers: Gauvain, Keu, Loth, et Yvain.</p>
<p>D'ailleurs, il existe un texte irlandais racontant la naissance mythique d'Yvain/Owein. On y apprend que le héros a été engendré, près du gué de l'Aboiement, lors d'une nuit de Samain.<br />
.<br />
Le passage du gué et les combats qui s'y livrent ne sont pas l'apanage des insulaires , et, parmi d'autres exemples, Rabelais nous montre Gargantua buvant  le Thouet au gué de Ligaine, près de Taizé.<br />
Et lors d'une guerre qui oppose Gargantua à Pichrochole," sa jument pissa pour se relâcher le ventre, mais ce fut en telle abondance qu’elle en fit sept lieues de déluge. Tout le pissat dériva au gué de Vède, et l’enfla tellement au fil de l’eau que toute cette troupe des ennemis fut noyée horriblement "</p>
<p>On l'a vu, en Irlande, la divinité féminine tutélaire du gué, c'est donc la Morrigane, déesse de la guerre, et le fait que le gué, dans la Razzia des Vaches de Cooley soit le lieu des combats singuliers de Cuchulainn contre les guerriers envoyés par les Irlandais en fait un point de rencontre ou une limite qu'on ne traverse que si on le peut, par exemple si l'on est initié.<br />
Le gué est  le lieu séparant le monde sensible de l'Autre Monde, endroit privilégié des affrontements et combats singuliers pour le héros en quête d'initiation.L’initiation druidique, elle, consistait  à passer trois nuits et deux jours de méditation dans un lieu sacré, en contact avec les “divins ancêtres” et ce pouvait très bien être aussi au milieu d’un gué comme symbole du “passage ”, un de leurs lieux de prédilection. Mais le gué n'est pas obligatoirement le passage vers l'autre monde, vers la mort ; il peut être aussi, comme le souligne l'Arbre Celtique, "un passage vers la connaissance qui, si l'on suit les grands textes mystiques, induit l'existence de ces deux mondes comme en "surimpression" et c'est ce que dit W. Kruta à propos de l'art celtique: une surimpression du cyclique et du permanent. Ce qui rend les choses un peu "floues" pour des cartésiens".<br />
Une épigraphe gallo-romaine atteste de l'existence d'une Ritona , déesse particulièrement proche du gué qui se dit en gaulois "ritu", continuation d'un mot indo-européen "prtus" désignant le passage, le gué, le pont. Elle serait donc la déesse gauloise attachée aux gués, peut être même aux combats de gués puisque, comme le dictionnaire des symboles nous le dit, l'archéologie a souvent mis à jour dans l'ancienne Gaule "des armes à l'emplacement de gués, ce qui tendrait à prouver que la coutume irlandaise du combat de gué, en celtique continental et brittonique, se rattache à celle du passage et de la course" ("ritu" signifiant aussi "la course"... et on peut aussi rappeler, incidemment; qu'une course est à l'origine de la malédiction lancée par Macha induisant la "maladie des Ulates"...).<br />
"Le gué ("dictionnaire des symboles". Chevalier/Gheerbrant) symbolise le combat pour un passage difficile, d'un monde à un autre, ou d'un état intérieur à un autre état. Il réunit le symbolisme de l'eau (lieu des renaissances) et celui des rivages opposés (lieu des contradictions, des franchissements, des passages périlleux)".</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Elektronische Bibliothek der Mediathek Montpellier]]></title>
<link>http://romartbib.wordpress.com/?p=192</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2008 10:38:33 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>romartbib</dc:creator>
<guid>http://romartbib.wordpress.com/?p=192</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Die Mediatheken der Stadt Montpellier wollen sukzessive ihre digitalisierten Bestände in einer ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Die <a href="http://mediatheque.montpellier-agglo.com/94519899/0/fiche___pagelibre/&#38;RH=1201189468046&#38;RF=1141194485703" target="_blank">Mediatheken</a> der Stadt Montpellier wollen sukzessive ihre digitalisierten Bestände in einer "<a href="http://mediatheque.montpellier-agglo.com/09827758/0/fiche___pagelibre/&#38;RH=1201189468046&#38;RF=1201189468046" target="_blank">Bibliothèque numérique</a>" online verfügbar machen. Den Anfang bilden Digitalisate aus dem "<a href="http://bm-montpellier-1.picturelan.com/home.cfm" target="_blank">Fonds Languedoc-Roussillon</a>" mit einer Reihe von Karten, Plänen und alten Drucken sowie aus dem "<a href="http://bm-montpellier-2.picturelan.com/home.cfm?" target="_blank">Fonds Rabelais</a>" mit den von George Sand annotierten "Chroniques de Gagantua"; demnächst folgen soll der "Fonds Léo Malet".</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Klassikertvätt]]></title>
<link>http://igorstiger.wordpress.com/?p=22</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2008 14:15:39 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>igorstiger</dc:creator>
<guid>http://igorstiger.wordpress.com/?p=22</guid>
<description><![CDATA[

När Bellman 1790 skulle publicera Fredmans epistlar skrev Svenska Akademins sekreterare Johan Hen]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><!--StartFragment-->
<p class="MsoNormal"><!--StartFragment--></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">När Bellman 1790 skulle publicera <i>Fredmans epistlar</i><span style="font-style:normal;"> skrev Svenska Akademins sekreterare Johan Henrik Kellgren inte bara ett säljande förord. Han filade också metodiskt bort sådant som kunde vara stötande för tidens smak. I epistel 72, ”Glimmande nymf”, hade Bellman t ex avbrutit den heta kärleksskildringen med ett komiskt inslag: ”Men ack, sängbotten sprack!/ Mitt lårben, himmel, ack!”. Sedan Kellgren plockat fram rödpennan blev det: ”Men fast din puls slår matt/ Så blundar ögat glatt”. Och si, epistlarna gjorde succé.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Frågan är om man inte skulle kunna bära facklan vidare. När allt kommer omkring är världslitteraturen full av potentiellt stötande inslag. Det är naturligtvis inte bra om man vill nå en bred publik. Det behövs en uppdatering som på ett tonsäkert sätt rensar ut sådant som kan provocera samtida läsare. För att visa vad jag menar har jag valt fyra exempel som jag tror mycket på. Här är de.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"># 1. Först en barnvisa jag tyckte om när jag växte upp, ”Familjen Krokodil”. Den handlar om hur kulturen gör ett sympatiskt ingripande i naturen då doktor Pillerman botar familjens käkar som gäspats ur led med hjälp av levertran. Man kan hitta visan på nätet (<a href="http://hem.passagen.se/marilo/dokument/sjunga.html">http://hem.passagen.se/marilo/dokument/sjunga.html</a>) men den är säkert okänd för yngre generationer. Och det har kanske sina skäl. Så här börjar den:<span style="font-size:13px;" class="Apple-style-span"> </span></p>
<blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote"><p>I Niggerland händer ibland/ att man får se på Nilens svarta strand/ herr Krokodil, fru Krokodiloch lille Krokodille-lilleman/ Solen den skiner hett på Niggerlandet ned/ Där ligger de och gäspar käkarna ur led/ Herr krokodil, fru Krokodil och lille Krokodille-lilleman</p></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal">Inte bra, det där med ”Niggerland”. Och värre blir det när läkaren familjen söker hjälp hos kallas ”gamle niggerdoktor Pillerman”. Sådant vill vi inte höra från våra barn. Men visan behöver inte raderas ur den kollektiva hårddisken för det. Man byter bara ut ”Nigger-” mot ”Egypti land” första gången ordet uppträder och mot "Nildeltat" andra gången, vilket dessutom är mer to the point. Och i stället för ”niggerdoktor” sjunger man det sakliga ”allmändoktor”. Svårare var det inte!</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"># 2.<span style="font-size:10pt;"> </span>I jämförelse med ”Familjen Krokodil” är<span style="font-size:10pt;"> </span>Evert Taubes<span style="font-size:10pt;"> </span>”Flickan i Havanna” på många sätt framsynt. Här skildras ett utbyte av sexuella tjänster som jämbördigt: ”Jag är vacker, du är ung”. Huvudpersonen är av allt att döma egen företagare, också prisvärt. Tyvärr heter det i andra raden: ”Hon har inga pengar kvar”, vilket antyder en offerroll, att det är yttre omständigheter som tvingar henne bjuda ut sin kropp. Här blir uppgiften att undanröja allt tvivel om att stå inför en stark och förebildlig kvinna som kan ta för sig, samtidigt som det ska rimma. En lätt touch och hjältinnan får bättre koll:  </p>
<blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote"><p>Flickan i Havanna/ sparar till en egen bar/ Sitter i ett fönster/ spanar in en karl</p></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"> # 3. Över till de tunga klassikerna. Den romerske poeten Catullus var ovanligt ful i mun, vilket inte gör så mycket om man studerar hans dikter i original, eftersom få behärskar latin i dag. I översättning blir det däremot svårt att överse med hans bruk av sexuell läggning för att okväda misshagliga individer. Se själv: </p>
<blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote"><p>Hör, Vibennius senior, bäste badtjuv,/ och Vibennius junior, bög bland bögar/ (ty så flink som hans fula far med fingern/ lika glupsk är den unge till sitt arsle)/ –vadan flyger ni ej åt Hades hastigt,/ när envar känner till hur stabben knycker/ och när du, unge man, ej mer kan sälja/ dina håriga skinkor ens för skitmynt?</p></blockquote>
<p><!--StartFragment-->
<p class="MsoNormal">Här är mycket att göra, även bortsett från att översättaren Ebbe Linde satsat på ett så daterat uttryck som ”stabben”. Jag föreslår att man framställer Vibennius junior som fetto i stället, vilket är helt legitimt i dag eftersom fetton har sig själva att skylla. Rad 2 kommer då att sluta ”fet bland feta” i stället. Rad 4 behöver också hjälp på slutet; jag föreslår ”när det vankas”, underförstått ”mat”. De sista raderna kräver en extremare makeover. Vad sägs om följande?</p>
<blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote"><p>Och när du, unge man, ej mer kan lyfta/ dina håriga skinkor ens ur bädden?  </p></blockquote>
<p> # 4. I Rabelais 1500-talsroman <i>Gargantua </i><span style="font-style:normal;">använder huvudpersonen fem sidor åt att redogöra för hur han genom egen erfarenhet kommit fram till lösningen på ett besvärligt problem: vilket är det bästa sättet att torka sig där bak? Redogörelsen formar sig till en lista som omfattar det mesta, från papper till olika örter, halm, ull, fjädrar, tygstycken, sängkläder, persedlar – och djur. Det är bland djuren han slutligen sätter stopp. För ingenting, säger han, överträffar   </span><br />
<blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote">en riktigt dunmjuk gässling, bara man ser till att hålla näbben mellan benen. Och tro mig på min ära! Ni kommer att i era rövhål känna en underbar njutning, både genom de mjuka dunen och genom gässlingens tempererade värme, som lätt sprider sig till ändtarmen och andra inälvor, tills den når hjärnans och hjärtats regioner.  </p></blockquote>
<p> Här snackar vi kränkande behandling som är så grov att en djurrättsaktivist kunde få tårar i ögonen. Dessvärre måste jag erkänna att detta övergrepp ställer mig rådlös. Att operera bort det skulle kräva alltför stora ingrepp i texten. Dessutom tycks alla tänkbara alternativ redan vara vägda och befunna för lättviktiga. När sakkunskapen har talat duger det inte att komma viftande med Skona Naturkompakt eller ens en treskiktsrulle Lambi Extra Soft. Mitt hopp står därför till den kreative läsaren. Alla konstruktiva förslag hälsas välkomna!
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0 49.6pt 0.0001pt 65pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">  </p>
<div style="text-align:left;"> </div>
<div style="text-align:left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight:bold;"> </span></div>
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<title><![CDATA[Alcofrybas Nasier*, ambassadeur du Val de Loire?]]></title>
<link>http://commedesrois.wordpress.com/?p=66</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2008 09:57:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>commedesrois</dc:creator>
<guid>http://commedesrois.wordpress.com/?p=66</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
A la lecture de la biographie de François Rabelais, je me suis demandé pourquoi notre beau Val de]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href='http://commedesrois.wordpress.com/files/2008/03/rab3.gif' title='rab3.gif'><img src='http://commedesrois.wordpress.com/files/2008/03/rab3.gif' alt='rab3.gif' /></a></p>
<p>A la lecture de la biographie de François Rabelais, je me suis demandé pourquoi notre beau Val de Loire se réclame toujours de lui?<br />
Bien sûr, il est né à la Devinière, tout près de Chinon. Et si il reste dans les parages jusqu'à l'âge de 30 ans (environ), sa vie ensuite n'est qu'un long voyage hors du Val de Loire : destiné par son statut de cadet à la vie ecclésiastique, il étudie en Vendée puis en Poitou avant de gagner Paris. Il entame un tour des universités avant de se fixer à Montpellier pour y étudier la médecine.<br />
Il commence sa pratique à Lyon et accompagne le cardinal Jean du Bellay à Rome. Il passe ensuite par Saint Maur des Fossés près de Paris, repart à Montpellier, Lyon puis se fixe à Metz avant de repartir en voyage : le Piémont, Lyon et Paris où il décède en 1553.<br />
Alors pourquoi en faire l'ambassadeur de notre région, sachant que sa statue veille aussi sur le jardin des plantes de Montpellier?<br />
C'est dans son oeuvre qu'on trouve sa réponse : les deux géants gourmands sont bien d'ici. Les fouasses, la dive bouteille, l'abondance de nourriture sont des souvenirs d'enfance de François Rabelais.<br />
Sans doute a-t-il aussi été influencé par l'essor de la région, berceau de la Renaissance française; Pantagruel et Gargantua symbolisent évidemment l'appétit intellectuel de l'homme à cette extraordinaire époque de découvertes.<br />
"A boire ! A boire !"</p>
<p>* L'anagramme de François Rabelais, nom sous lequel il publie son Pantagruel.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Rebel Angels in the University of St John and the Holy Ghost]]></title>
<link>http://librarianmule.wordpress.com/2008/03/13/rebel-angels-in-the-university-of-st-john-and-the-holy-ghost/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 13 Mar 2008 19:15:08 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>librarianmule</dc:creator>
<guid>http://librarianmule.wordpress.com/2008/03/13/rebel-angels-in-the-university-of-st-john-and-the-holy-ghost/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The Rebel Angels by Canadian author Robertson Davies was first published in 1981, but I stumbled acr]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span>The Rebel Angels</span></i><span> by Canadian author Robertson Davies was first published in 1981, but I stumbled across it in a second-hand bookshop just recently.<br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Unintentionally I seem to have picked two books in a row with angels in them. Or, not, as the case may be. No angels here. Lots of intellectuals, a few gypsies, a straying monk and a dead art patron though. And lots of high-brow talk of rebel poets like Rabelais, since one of the protagonists is a writing postgraduate work on Rabelais. The former monk Parlabane, a larger-than-life character in every conceivable way, including his habits of lust has a voracious appetite for anything and everything, including intellectual stimulus. He does get on peoples nerves a bit as such a character undoubtedly would in real life. And he stumbles across an old unpublished work by Rabelais. But all this is fairly incidental.<br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The “rebel angels” refers to Samahazai and Azazel who betrayed the secrets of heaven to King Solomon and got kicked out of heaven for their trouble. In this particular story though they are used to describe two college professors by their love-interest Maria Theotoky. She is the young postgraduate who falls in love with her professor… eh-hem. Young woman, middle aged professor. Written by, let’s see now, middle aged professor-type… Not bad though, if you enjoy the mix of literary asides, theological discussions, murder, kinky sex and the occasional verbal pun. The story is told through two different narrative perspectives, Maria Theotoky and Father Darcourt. It is pretty well organized, they take turns, no big narrative leaps and bounds.<span>   </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Reading about Robert Davies I realise I must have been sleepwalking to just pick this book of the shelf at random. Davies is prolific enough, has been short listed for the Booker prize and all that. This novel is enjoyable in its way, especially if you have some experience of university life, but somehow it’s a book very conscious of being literature. I don’t mean that in any meta-fictive post-modern way, but more as an indication of its literariness. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>You can definitely spend a rainy afternoon in worse ways. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';">Mule</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Rillettes : lettre à Monsieur François Fillon, 1er ministre]]></title>
<link>http://commedesrois.wordpress.com/?p=64</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 06 Mar 2008 18:11:05 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>commedesrois</dc:creator>
<guid>http://commedesrois.wordpress.com/?p=64</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
C&#8217;est une affaire suffisament grave pour être rapportée ici : notre premier ministre Franç]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.commedesrois.com/boutique/fiche_produit.cfm?type=6&#38;ref=09GAL003&#38;code_lg=lg_fr&#38;pag=1&#38;num=0"><img src="http://commedesrois.wordpress.com/files/2008/03/rillette2.gif" alt="rillette2.gif" /></a></p>
<p>C'est une affaire suffisament grave pour être rapportée ici : notre premier ministre François Fillon aurait déclaré au cours de sa longue visite du salon de l'agriculture qu'il n'y avait de véritables rillettes que sarthoises.<br />
Cette affirmation tout à fait péremptoire a fait grand bruit dans la Touraine charcutière !<br />
Monsieur le premier ministre, tout sarthois qu'il est, devrait écouter ses conseillers en rillettes.<br />
Que dit Wikipédia à ce sujet? "<em>Nées au XVe siècle <strong>en Indre-et-Loire</strong> (Rabelais parle de la « brune confiture de cochon »), c'est au Mans dans la Sarthe que les rillettes ont pris un essor en y étant produites industriellement à partir du XIXe siècle. La distinction entre rillettes de Tours et rillettes du Mans tenait dans la préparation : les mancelles étaient généralement plus grasses que les tourangelles où la viande est moins hachée</em>."<br />
Voici maintenant ce qu'en dit la maison Bordeau Chesnel, devenue industrielle de la rillette, et située elle aussi dans la sarthe : "<em>Avant d'élire domicile au Mans au cœur de la Sarthe, grâce à Albert Lhuissier, la rillette connut les douceurs de <strong>l'Indre et Loire. </strong>Cette spécialité est longtemps restée une préparation domestique réalisée pendant l'abattage des porcs.<br />
Le premier écrit sur l'existence des rillettes date de 1480, mais ce n'est qu'en 1845 que le mot "rillettes" apparaît pour la première fois dans un dictionnaire.<br />
Ce mot à deux sources connues :<br />
     - "rilles" : morceaux de porc<br />
     - "reilles" : planchette ; probablement parce qu'autrefois la viande de porc était hachée sur planchette avant d'être confite dans sa graisse.<br />
Il faut attendre 1865 pour que la rillette commence à être commercialisée par des charcutiers. Rabelais, puis plus tard Balzac, lui firent l'honneur d'évoquer ses origines dans leurs écrits</em>. "<br />
Bon, Monsieur Fillon, la vérité est maintenant rétablie. Si vous voulez goûter de la <a href="http://www.commedesrois.com/boutique/fiche_produit.cfm?type=6&#38;ref=09GAL003&#38;code_lg=lg_fr&#38;pag=1&#38;num=0">rillette de Touraine</a>, faites-donc commander par vos services de Matignon quelques bocaux sur le site www.commedesrois.com.<br />
Merci et sans rancune.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Primitives]]></title>
<link>http://deweyeyes.wordpress.com/2008/02/14/the-primitives/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 14 Feb 2008 04:09:23 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>johnthebookie</dc:creator>
<guid>http://deweyeyes.wordpress.com/2008/02/14/the-primitives/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I found these old notes I wrote while working on my undergraduate English thesis in 1992. I had forg]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>I found these old notes I wrote while working on my undergraduate English thesis in 1992. I had forgotten that Milan Kundera talked about wanting to return the novel to its wilder and woollier days. At the time, I had no idea what Kundera was talking about, but after seeing all these online courses advertising about how to write novels, or short stories, or mysteries, etc., etc., I can relate. I tried writing short stories. Joined an online group. Felt like I was back at my old nine-to-five job.</i></p>
<p><i>I read one Writer’s Digest book, by Orson Scott Card, about characterization, and hated it. Then I read a sci-fi novel by Orson Scott Card, <i>Memories of Earth</i>, and hated that, too. I’m going to write pretty much whatever I want, and you can call it whatever you want. Maybe if I ever get something published, you can say, "I'm not buying that crap." That's fine with me. I’m like Johnny Ramone; I don’t care if it sells or not. (He said that in a documentary about working with Phil Spector; I just don’t have the cite for it now. He makes similar comments in <a href="http://www.smokebox.net/archives/interviews/ramone501.html">this interview</a>.)</i></p>
<p><i>The Ramones were nothing if not primitive, at least at first. They probably would have horrified Kundera, but they and he were reaching for the same thing—art that doesn’t let convention get in the way of feelings. I feel like I’ve been too caught up in trying to observe all the rules of story structure, and somewhere along the way I forgot how to express myself.</i></p>
<p><i>I’m still going through my old notebooks; I think that what I wrote before I checked the manuals reads better than what I’ve written since then. </i></p>
<p>In my conversations late last month with my thesis advisor, he suggested it might be prudent for me to reduce my scope from all fiction written in the last 400 years, beginning with Shakespeare, down to just the fiction written in, say, the last 10 to 20 years by just one author, Milan Kundera. He also suggested I change my subtopic from the almost limitless terrain of “confusion” to one or two that would be more germane to Kundera. He suggested postmodernism. Two of postmodernism’s attendant features, he said, are dislocation and fragmentation: if one feels oneself out of the mainstream in this century, it’s because there is no mainstream any longer. I’m going to try to find out what factors—be they cultural, technological, culinary, whatever—led to the extinction of the mainstream. Perhaps the mainstream itself caused its destruction. Thus, we are now living in pockets of reality, in varying degrees of isolation from and interaction with each other.</p>
<p>The way Kundera approaches it, post-modernism seems to be kind of a reactionary movement. He says he wants to return the novel to the more primitive, experimental state in which it existed before the rules of writing a novel became codified and formalized, in the time of Rabelais and Diderot, Don Quixote and Tristram Shandy.</p>
<p><i>Of course, then Kundera goes and writes something called </i>The Art of the Novel<i>. I guess we all feel like we have to explain ourselves.</i></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Quickie: Rabelais]]></title>
<link>http://bibliothecaire.wordpress.com/2007/12/07/quickie-rabelais/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 07 Dec 2007 05:55:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>MRG</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bibliothecaire.wordpress.com/2007/12/07/quickie-rabelais/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ - Rabelais, he says, is the first author in history to find the idea of authority ridiculous.
She l]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote> - Rabelais, he says, is the first author in history to find the idea of authority ridiculous.<br />
She looks at him over her coffee-cup. - Ridiculous? she says.</p></blockquote>
<p><em>Everything passes</em> / Gabriel Josipovici, lu par <strong><a href="http://www.futureofthebook.org/blog/archives/2007/12/gained_the_world_and_lost_your.html">if:book: gained the world and lost your audience</a></strong>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Y hoy... pantagruelismo puro.]]></title>
<link>http://verbocracia.wordpress.com/2007/11/28/y-hoy-pantagruelismo-puro/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 28 Nov 2007 18:18:39 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>takeshideo</dc:creator>
<guid>http://verbocracia.wordpress.com/2007/11/28/y-hoy-pantagruelismo-puro/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&nbsp;
 FRANÇOIS                        RABELAIS (1494-1553)
Gargantúa, CAP. XIII
De              ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="Section1">&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;" align="center"><strong><em> <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais" target="_blank">FRANÇOIS                        RABELAIS</a> (1494-1553)<br />
</em></strong><strong><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gargant%C3%BAa_y_Pantagruel" target="_blank">Gargantúa</a>, CAP. XIII</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><img src="http://www.sexovida.com/images/rabelais.jpg" align="right" height="185" width="148" />De                        cómo Grandgousier reconoció en la invención de un limpia-culo                        <em>(Torche-cul, en el original) </em>la                        maravillosa inteligencia de su hijo Gargantúa.</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">“Grandgoussier visitó a su hijo                        Gargantúa y mientras lo besaba y abrazaba, le preguntó toda                        suerte de cuestiones pueriles. Bebió con él y preguntó si                        lo habían mantenido limpio y pulcro. Gargantúa afirmó que                        no había en todo el país un joven que fuera tan limpio como                        él.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">-He descubierto, dijo Gargantúa,                        luego de largas y minuciosas investigaciones, un modo de                        limpiarme el culo. Es el más noble, el mejor y el más eficaz                        que nadie haya visto. Primero hagamos historia: una vez                        yo me limpié con una bufanda de terciopelo de una dama y                        lo que encontré es que su dulzura  me procuró una gran voluptuosidad                        en el fondo del agujero.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Otra vez con una caperuza de                        la misma dama y el resultado fue idéntico. Y otra vez con                        un sombrero de mujer de satén de color vivo pero, una sarta                        de porquerías de perlitas doradas que lo adornaban, me desollaron                        todo ahí atrás. ¡Que el fuego de San Antonio le queme el                        agujero del culo al orfebre que los hizo y a la dama que                        los portaba!</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">También lo pasé mal cuando yo                        me limpié con un sombrero de paja emplumado a la                        Suiza.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Bien, una vez que yo defequé                        detrás de un matorral, me encontré con un gato de marzo<sup>1</sup>,                        me limpié con él y sus garras me desgarraron todo el periné.                        Me curé a la mañana siguiente limpiándome con los guantes                        de mi madre bien perfumados de <em>berga</em><em>-mota<sup>2</sup>.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Después                        yo me limpié con salvia, con hinojo, con anís, con mejorana,                        pétalos de rosa, con hojas de trébol, con trozos de ladrillo,                        con lechuga, con hojas de espinaca. Y, en realidad, no me                        sirvió de nada. Me limpié con los mercuriales y las ortigas,                        pero yo me cagué en sangre como un Lombardo italiano, fue                        entonces que me sentí lastimado, y me curé limpiándome el                        culo con mi bragueta.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Después me limpié con paños,                        colchas, cortinas, carpetas, con una almohada, un tapiz                        de juego, con trapos, servilletas, un pañuelo, todo eso                        me procuró más placer que el que tienen los sarnosos cuando                        se los rasca.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">-¿Cuál es el mejor limpia-culo,                        el que más te gusta?, dijo Grandgousier.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">-Ya llegaré ahí, vas a encontrar                        enseguida la última palabra. Yo me he limpiado con el heno,                        la paja, la borra, con lana, con papel, pero…</p>
<p style="text-align:center;" align="center"><em>Quien el culo                        se limpia con papeles, </em><em>de la basura dejará caireles.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Escuchad lo que dicen los <em>cagantes</em>                        <sup>3</sup><em> </em>mientras escriben textos en los muros                        de nuestros baños:</p>
<p style="text-align:center;" align="center"><em>“Asquerosos,                        el fuego de San Antonio los cocinará y quemará a todos si                        no se limpian sus agujeros abiertos antes de partir”.</em></p>
<p>¿Y quieres un poco más?, dice Gargantúa. Aquí tienes un                        <em>rondeau</em>:</p>
<p style="text-align:center;" align="center"><em>“Mientras estaba                        cagando el otro día, he olfateado<br />
</em><em>la imposición que mi culo reclamaba,<br />
</em><em>otro bouquet atento yo esperaba,<br />
</em><em>que fuera más hermoso y empestado.<br />
</em><em>¡Oh!, ¡si me habrá divertido<br />
</em><em>esa chica que yo atendía mientras defecaba!<br />
</em><em>Durante ese tiempo, sus dedos, mi culo de mierda                        han protegido”.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Decid ahora, por la mierda <em>(Nota                        del traductor: en el original “par la mer Dé”,                        juego de palabras entre “par la merde” y “par                        la m&#38;edot;re de Dieu”)</em>, que no conozco de nada.                        No soy yo quien ha compuesto estos versos, pero los escuché                        recitar a mi abuela, y los he retenido en la bolsa de mi                        memoria.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">-Hijo, tu estás lleno de buen                        sentido, pequeño buen hombre, uno de estos días te haré                        nombrar doctor en la Sorbona, pues eres bastante avanzado                        para tu edad. Proseguid con tu propósito limpiaculístico                        <em><sup>4</sup></em>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">-Bueno-dice Gargantúa- ¿me pagarás                        una barrica de vino bretón si yo te cuento cuál es la mejor                        manera de limpiarse el culo? Antes que nada: no hay necesidad                        de limpiarse el culo si uno no tiene suciedad, y no puede                        haber suciedad si uno no ha cagado antes, entonces nos hace                        falta cagar, antes de limpiarnos el culo.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">-Después -retoma Gargantúa-,                        me limpié con un sombrero, un tapa orejas, una pantufla,                        una bolsa, una panera (pero, ¡qué desagradable limpia-culo!).                        Entre los sombreros me limpié con algunos de fieltro, de                        terciopelo, de tafetán, pero los mejores sin duda alguna                        son los que están hechos de pelo, absorben excelentemente                        la materia fecal.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Después me limpié con una gallina,                        un gallo, un pollito, la piel de un ternero, una liebre,                        un pichón, un cormorán, con el saco de un abogado, con una                        cogulla, con una cofia.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Para concluir, yo digo y sostengo                        que el mejor limpia-culo, es un ganso plumoso, metiendo                        su cabeza entre tus piernas. Créeme, sobre mi honor, que                        sentirás una voluptuosidad mirífica, debido a la temperatura                        y la dulzura de ese plumaje que causa el calor del pajarraco,                        que se comunica fácilmente de la tripa al culo y de otros                        intestinos, hasta la región del corazón y aquellas del cerebro.                        Y  no creas que la beatitud de los héroes y semidioses que                        están en los Campos Elíseos es porque tienen su asfódelo<em><sup>5</sup></em>,                        su ambrosía o su néctar, como dicen las viejas de por aquí.                        ¡Ellos tienen a mi opinión que se limpian el culo con un                        ganso bien plumoso!”.</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p class="Section1" style="text-align:justify;">Según la leyenda los gatos nacidos en marzo pasan por                            ser muy batalladores.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="Section1" style="text-align:justify;"> En el original en francés antiguo dice <em>parfumez</em><em>                            de maujoin, </em>que designa el sexo de una mujer.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="Section1" style="text-align:justify;"><em>Fienteurs</em><em>, </em>en el original.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="Section1" style="text-align:justify;"> La palabra que usa en el original es <em>torcheculatif</em><em>.</em></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="Section1" style="text-align:justify;"> Un tipo de planta.</p>
</li>
</ol>
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<title><![CDATA[Voltaire, lettres philosophiques]]></title>
<link>http://bigbazar.wordpress.com/2007/11/21/voltaire-lettres-philosophiques/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 21 Nov 2007 12:45:26 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Sarrdanapale</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bigbazar.wordpress.com/2007/11/21/voltaire-lettres-philosophiques/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&#8220;La nation anglaise est la seule de la terre qui soit parvenue à régler le pouvoir des rois ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>"La nation anglaise est la seule de la terre qui soit parvenue à régler le pouvoir des rois en leur résistant, et qui, d'efforts, en efforts, ait enfin établi ce gouvernement sage où le Prince, tout-puissant pour faire du bien, a les mains liées pour faire le mal, où les seigneurs sont grands sans insolence et sans vassaux, et où le peuple partage le gouvernement sans confusion."</p>
<p align="right">        Huitième lettre, Sur le Parlement</p>
<p>'Le commerce, qui a enrichi les citoyens en Angleterre, a contribué à les rendre libres, et cette liberté a étendu le commerce à son tour; de là s'est formée la grandeur de l'État. (...) Je ne sais pourtant qui est le plus utile à un État, ou un seigneur bien poudré qui sait précisément à quelle heure le Roi se lève, à quelle heure il se couche, et qui se donne des airs de grandeur en jouant le rôle d'esclave dans l'antichambre d'un ministre, ou un négociant qui enrichit son pays, donne de son cabinet des ordres à Surate ou au Caire, et contribue au bonheur du monde."</p>
<p align="right">Dixième lettre, Sur le Commerce</p>
<p>Rabelais : "On le regarde comme le premier des bouffons; on est fâché qu'un homme qui avait tant d'esprit en ait fait un si misérable usage; c'est un philosophe ivre, qui n'a écrit que dans le temps de son ivresse."</p>
<p align="right">Vingt-deuxième lettre, Sur M. Pope et quelques autres poètes fameux.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Aleister Crowley: "La Grande Bestia"]]></title>
<link>http://specchiodellamagia.wordpress.com/2007/09/25/benvenuto/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2007 21:30:55 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>jo3Bukowski</dc:creator>
<guid>http://specchiodellamagia.wordpress.com/2007/09/25/benvenuto/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Cercando di capire &#8230; Chi era la &#8220;Grande Bestia&#8221;? Chi era Aleister Crowley?
&#8220;]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Cercando di capire ... <strong>Chi era la "Grande Bestia"? Chi era Aleister Crowley?</strong></p>
<p><em><img align="left" src="http://specchiodellamagia.wordpress.com/files/2007/09/aleister_crowley.jpg" alt="Aleister Crowley" style="margin-right:5px;" />"L'uomo più vizioso del mondo..."</em> così lo descriveva la stampa sua contemporanea. Cresciuto da genitori appartenenti ad una setta fondamentalista cristiana e convinti che chiunque non appartenesse al loro gruppo fosse condannato al fuoco eterno, fino all'età di dodici anni ebbe il divieto di leggere altri libri se non la Bibbia. E lui la lesse.</p>
<p>Nel periodo dell'adolescenza decise di essere <em><strong>La Bestia</strong> delle Rivelazioni</em>, e si dichiarò tale.</p>
<p>Una dichiarazione scioccante, specialmente in epoca vittoriana. Ma Crowley fu anche un bravo poeta, abile giocatore di scacchi, pittore, scalatore provetto ed esploratore. Sosteneva poi di conoscere a fondo buddismo, taoismo, yoga e, soprattutto, la "<em>magic<strong>k</strong></em>". Faceva anche regolare uso di cocaina, oppio, peyote e hashish.</p>
<p>All'età di 45 anni si proclamò <em>santo della Chiesa Gnostica</em>, diventando il "dio" del suo tempio personale; in quel periodo era ormai indesiderato in numerosi paesi, espulso da alcuni altri o costretto a lasciarli.</p>
<p>La sua reputazione di sesso selvaggio e orge a base di droghe, che combinava con i riti religiosi dell'ordine che aveva creato, fu un fattore importante nelle difficoltà che ebbe con vari governi.</p>
<p>A Cefalù, in Sicilia, fondò la "<em>Abbazia del Fai Ciò che Vuoi</em>", dove visse con un'accolita di amanti facendo esperimenti sessuali, narcotici ed occulti.</p>
<p align="center">_____________________________</p>
<p><em>The Book of the Law</em>, secondo Aleister Crowley, l'autore del volume, Il Libro che gli era stato dettato telepaticamente in tre giornate successive: l'8, il 9 e il 10 di aprile del 1904.</p>
<p>Il vero "autore" si riferiva a se stesso come ad <strong>Aiwas</strong>: "<em>un messaggero delle forze che nel presente regolano la Terra</em>". <strong>Aiwas</strong>, uno spirito "<em>in possesso di conoscenza e poteri fantastici</em>", trasmetteva le sue parole in modo telepatico.</p>
<p>Si trattava della bibbia di Crowley.<br />
Il Libro enuncia "<em>La Legge di Thelema</em>" (Thelema, dal greco volontà) che consiste in un "semplice codice di condotta":</p>
<p align="center"><u>FAI CIÒ CHE VUOI</u></p>
<p>Crowley, prima della sua morte, a proposito de Il Libro scrisse:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>"... è una sintesi sublime di tutte le scienze e di tutte le etiche. È in virtù di questo libro che l'Uomo può ottenere un grado di libertà fino ad ora mai nemmeno immaginato possibile, uno sviluppo spirituale del tutto superiore a quanto fino ad ora conosciuto."</em></p></blockquote>
<p>Gli scritti di Crowley sono straordinariamente numerosi. Nel suo <em>Magick in Theory and Practice</em> scrive:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>"L'unico e intero oggetto di tutta la vera formazione magic<strong>k</strong>a è liberarsi da qualsiasi tipo di limitazione."</em></p></blockquote>
<p><em>(Crowley aggiungeva  lettera "<strong>k</strong>" alla parola magico per differenziare il suo campo da quello che attraeva i "deboli" e i "dilettanti").</em></p>
<p>Il Libro non cita Francois Rabelais, ma la "<em>Legge di Thelema</em>" in realtà deriva da una sua opera. <strong>Rabelais</strong>, prete che aveva studiato al Seminario della Sorbona di Parigi, scrisse un libro intitolato Gargantua; in stile di favola buffa, conteneva idee in forte contrasto con la Chiesa Cattolica del tempo, idee che, se fossero state presentate in modo serio, sarebbero potute essere facilmente etichettate come eresia (con conseguente pena di morte).</p>
<p>Rabelais racconta di come "<em>i Thelemiti erano governati, e del loro modo di vita</em>":</p>
<blockquote><p><em>"La loro vita non era spesa in leggi, statuti o regole, ma secondo il loro piacere e libera volontà. Si alzavano dal letto quando pensavano fosse il momento giusto; mangiavano, bevevano, lavoravano quando ne avevano voglia o vi si sentivano disposti. Nessuno li svegliava, nessuno li costringeva a mangiare, bere o fare qualsiasi altra cosa; perché così aveva stabilito Gargantua. In tutte le loro regole c'era una sola clausola da osservare:</em></p>
<p align="center"><em>FAI CIÒ CHE VUOI.</em></p>
<p><em>Poiché gli uomini che sono liberi, riposati e ben nutriti, e frequentano compagnie oneste, hanno uno sprone e un istinto naturale che li spinge verso azioni virtuose, li trattiene dal vizio, ed è chiamato onore...</em> "</p></blockquote>
<p>Questo è Rabelais.</p>
<p><em>The Book of the Law</em> di Crowley aggiunge una svolta nuova e ardente alla Legge di Thelema descritta da Rabelais:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>"Non abbiamo nulla in comune con gli emarginati e gli incapaci: muoiano essi in miseria. Poiché non sentono. La compassione è il vizio dei Re. Calpesta i miserabili e i deboli: questa è la legge del forte, questa è la nostra legge e la gioia del mondo.<br />
... Sono il serpente che dà Conoscenza e Delizia, e con l'ebbrezza agita i cuori degli uomini. Per adorarmi bevete vino, assumete droghe strane... non vi faranno male. È una bugia, questa follia contro il sé... oh uomini, siate forti! Lussuria, godetevi ogni cosa in estasi e rapimento...<br />
... i re della terra devono essere re per sempre: e gli schiavi devono servire.<br />
Coloro i quali cercano di intrappolarti, di sopraffarti, devi attaccarli senza quartiere e senza pietà; distruggili completamente.<br />
Sono unico e conquistatore. Non mi interessano gli schiavi che periscono. Possano essere dannati e morti! Amen.<br />
Nessuna pietà per chi cade! Non li ho mai conosciuti. Non consolo: odio i consolati e i consolatori!"</em></p></blockquote>
<p><font size="1" color="#999999"><strong>Tratto da "Messia o Pazzo?" di Bent Corydon e Ron Hubbard, Jr. (alias Ronald DeWolf)<br />
Traduzione in Italiano a cura di </strong><a target="_blank" href="http://xenu.com-it.net"><strong>"Allarme Scientology"</strong></a></font></p>
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