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	<title>meister-eckhart &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://wordpress.com/tag/meister-eckhart/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "meister-eckhart"</description>
	<pubDate>Sat, 11 Oct 2008 15:45:27 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test]]></title>
<link>http://iapetus.wordpress.com/?p=603</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2008 02:23:02 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>iapetus</dc:creator>
<guid>http://iapetus.de.wordpress.com/2008/10/10/the-electric-kool-aid-acid-test-2/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[another excerpt from this book I&#8217;ve been reading:
&#8220;In most cases, according to scripture]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>another excerpt from this book I've been reading:</p>
<p>"In most cases, according to scriptures and legend, it happened in a flash. Mohammed fasting and meditating on a mountainside near Mecca and-flash!-ecstasy, vast revelation and the beginning of Islam. Zoroaster hauling haoma water along the road and-flash!-he runs into the flaming form of the Archangel Vohu Mano, messenger of Ahura Mazda, and the beginning of Zoroastrianism. Saul of Tarsus walking along the road to Damascus and-flash!- he hears the voice of the Lord and becomes a Christian. Plus God knows how many lesser figures in the 2,000 years since then, Christian Rosenkreuz and his "God-illuminated" brotherhood of Rosicrucians, Emanuel Swedenborg whose mind suddenly "opened" in 1743, Meister Eckhart and his disciples Suso and Tauler, and in the twentieth-century Sadhu Sundar Singh -with-flash!- a vision at the age of 16 and many times thereafter; "...often when I come out of ecstasy I think the whole world must be blind not to see what I see, everything is so near and clear... there is no language which will express the things which I see and hear in the spiritual world..." Sounds like an acid head, of course. What they all saw in... a flash was the solution to the basic predicament of being <em>human</em>, the personal <em>I, Me,</em> trapped, mortal and helpless, in a vast impersonal <em>It, </em>the world around me. Suddenly! -All-in-one!- flowing together, <em>I</em> into <em>It</em>, and <em>It</em> into <em>Me,</em> and in that flow I perceive a power, so near and so clear, that the whole world is blind to. All the modern religions, and the occult mysteries, for that matter, talk about an Other World - whether Brahma's or the flying saucers' - that the rational work-a-day world is blind to. The-<em>so-called!</em>friends-rational world. If only <em>they,</em> Mom&#38;Dad&#38;Buddy&#38;Sis, dear-but-square ones, could but know the <em>kairos</em>, the supreme moment... The historic <em>visions</em> have been explained in many ways, as the result of epilepsy, self-hypnosis, changes in metabolism due to fasting or actual intervention by gods-or drugs: Zoroastrianism began in a grand bath of haoma water, which was the same as the Hindu soma, and was unquestionably a drug. <em>The experience!</em>"</p>
<p>- pages 127-128 of <strong>The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test </strong>by Tom Wolfe</p>
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<title><![CDATA[On Hafiz, My Sufi Master: Part II]]></title>
<link>http://sageingenue.wordpress.com/?p=17</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 28 Sep 2008 22:56:03 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>jenndiggity</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sageingenue.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/28/on-hafiz-my-sufi-master-part-ii/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Hafiz is amazing. When I read his poetry, I weep. I would love to share some more of my favorite poe]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hafiz is amazing. When I read his poetry, I weep. I would love to share some more of my favorite poems. They come out of this compilation called The Gift, which has been translated by Daniel Ladinsky.</p>
<blockquote>
<h1 style="text-align:center;">Your Mother and My Mother</h1>
<p style="text-align:center;">Fear is the cheapest room in the house.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">I would like to see you living</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">In better conditions.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">For your mother and my mother</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Were friends.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">I know the Innkeeper</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">In this part of the universe.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Get some rest tonight,</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Come to my verse again tomorrow.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">We’ll go speak to the Friend together.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">I should not make any promises right now,</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">But I know if you</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Pray</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Somewhere in this world–</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Something good will happen.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">God wants to see</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">More love and playfulness in your eyes</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">For that is your greatest witness to Him.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Your soul and my soul</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Once sat together in the Beloved’s womb</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Playing footsie.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Your heart and my heart</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Are very, very old</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Friends.</p>
<h1 style="text-align:center;">I Have Learned So Much</h1>
<p style="text-align:center;">I</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Have</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Leanred</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">So much from God</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">That I can no longer</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Call</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Myself</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">A Christian, a Hindu, a Muslim,</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">A Buddhist, a Jew.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">The Truth has shared so much of Itself</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">With me</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">That I can no longer call myself</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">A man, a woman, an angel,</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Or even pure</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Soul.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Love has</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Befriended Hafiz so completely</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">It has turned to ash</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">And freed</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Me</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Of Every concept and image</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">My mind has ever known.</p>
<h2 style="text-align:center;">And by Meister Eckhart, a Catholic mystic who lived from 1260-1328</h2>
<h1 style="text-align:center;">It Is A Lie</h1>
<p style="text-align:center;">It is a lie–any talk of God</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">that does not</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">comfort</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">you.</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="text-align:justify;"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">______________________________________________</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Reading Hafiz has been like reading the Bible, before I realized the Bible wasn’t filled with as much Truth as I had once thought, hoped, and believed.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">__________________________________________</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I’m home alone tonight.  Jeff’s at work.  I called my mom.  The doctor said her liver is gone.  You know, up a creek without a paddle.  That’s saying a lot–I once had a prof who had liver cancer.  They cut 3/4 of it out and it grew back.  I guess hers won’t grow back. <br />
Many, many things are perfectly regenerative and forgiving.  It takes a lot for no second chances.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I wish I …</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">nevermind</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Quotation from Meister Eckhart]]></title>
<link>http://fakeexpressionsoftheunkown.wordpress.com/?p=97</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 25 Sep 2008 10:07:59 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>fakeexpressionsoftheunkown</dc:creator>
<guid>http://fakeexpressionsoftheunkown.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/25/quotation-from-meister-eckhart/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[  
  
          &#8221; God is neither this nor that.&#8221;
 
`
]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>  </p>
<p>  </p>
<p>          " God is neither this nor that."</p>
<p> </p>
<p>`</p>
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<title><![CDATA[(2) The Christian Mysticism of William Law]]></title>
<link>http://virtuouslife.wordpress.com/?p=99</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 14 Sep 2008 17:42:52 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Tripp</dc:creator>
<guid>http://virtuouslife.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/14/2-the-christian-mysticism-of-william-law/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[“Mysticism” is a term that has been used since the early days of the Christian church. The term ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img alt="" src="http://www.sria.org/images/Bohme.JPG" title="Bohme" class="aligncenter" width="220" height="280" />“Mysticism” is a term that has been used since the early days of the Christian church. The term “mysteries” finds traditional usage as a designation of certain cults that were prevalent in ancient Greece and in other parts of the classical world, alongside the official religions.<sup>7</sup>  Although Christianity lacked close resemblances to these pagan cults, the Greek term “mysterion” became associated with Christian usage, especially in regards to the Christian sacraments, highlighting the mystery of our union with Christ.<sup>8</sup>  Above all, this theme of “union with God” is at the heart of mysticism. Though different mystics have taken various approaches, some relying more on reason and others on intuition and experience, union with Christ is the primary force behind every mystical experience. Said another way, mysticism consists of “supreme intimacy between the human and the divine.”<sup>9</sup>  Before fully turning our attention to The Sprit of Prayer, we first must briefly look at the source of Law’s mystical inspiration.</p>
<p>Most scholars place William Law in the long tradition of English mysticism, having even been called “the chief of the English mystics.”<sup>10</sup>  This is an interesting title when we realize that Law had little or no knowledge of this tradition. It is believed that exposure to mystic heroes such as Julian of Norwich or Richard Rolle would have greatly helped Law achieve a more balanced form of mysticism.<sup>11</sup>   The earliest mystical sources found in Law’s writing come from Macarius Aegyptius and Pseudo-Dionisius.<sup>12</sup>  As his mystical exploration progressed, Law became increasingly interested in a group of German mystical thinkers, men such as John Tauler, Meister Eckhart, and Henry Suso.<sup>13</sup>  It is from this same school of mystical thought that we find Jakob Böhme, who is unquestionably Law’s primary source of inspiration. <!--more--></p>
<p>Böhme (also known as Jacob Behmen) was born just over a century before Law and is regarded as one of Germany’s greatest mystical thinkers. It is difficult to understand Law’s mysticism without first understanding Böhme, since he is unquestionably Law’s most influential source. This, however, proves to be a difficult task, since Böhme has been said to write “passages which were marked less by inspiration than by insanity.”<sup>14</sup>  Equally, it has been noted that Law may have attributed more inspiration to Böhme than his writing actually reflects.<sup>15</sup>  A brief look at the foundational doctrine of human depravity highlights the difficulty of understanding the complex relationship that exists between Böhme and Law.</p>
<p>The challenge when reading Böhme is to discern when apparently orthodox statements may in fact have underlying heterodox themes. Take, for example, a quotation from Böhme’s devotional classic, The Way to Christ. “Before there can be prayer, there must be an honest acknowledgement of the bad state into which the soul has fallen.”<sup>16</sup>  Taken at face value, such a statement can be claimed as consistent with Christian teaching, but in reality Böhme is directly opposed to many orthodox Christians, especially the 16th century reformers. Reformers such as Calvin claimed that it is impossible for man to save himself and that no trace of saving grace is to be found. Böhme contrasts this view with the belief that there is a “spark” which still remains in the soul, a bit of goodness still enabling a response to God.<sup>17</sup>  Böhme defends his position based on Genesis 1:26, believing that man was made in the image of God, and this image was damaged in the fall, but not completely destroyed. It was then fully restored in Christ (John 1:9). Thus a difference of opinion exists when trying to determine just how far the soul has fallen. </p>
<p>This doctrine of depravity is found throughout Law’s writing, but it is difficult to determine to what extent his thinking parallels that of Böhme. Although Law often uses similar terminology as Böhme, he can also be found to be more orthodox in his thinking. When addressing the topic in Christian Regeneration, Law states that “the whole nature of the Christian religion stands upon these two great pillars, namely, the greatness of our fall and the greatness of our redemption.”<sup>18</sup>  He takes this thought further by explaining that “nothing can truly awaken a sinner but a true sense of the deep inward possession and power that sin has in him.”<sup>19</sup>  This is one of the two main themes in The Spirit of Prayer, the other being union with Christ, and I will expand on it below. Hopefully this example highlights the difficulty in isolating Law’s unique mystical inspiration from Böhme’s influence.</p>
<p><FONT SIZE="-3"><FONT COLOR="#808080"><br />
<sup>7</sup>Macquarrie, <em>Two Worlds</em>, 3-4.<br />
<sup>8</sup>Ibid.<br />
<sup>9</sup>Rudolph, <em>William Law</em>, 83.<br />
<sup>10</sup>Alexander Whyte, comp, <em>Characters and Characteristics of William Law: Nonjuror and Mystic</em> (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1893), 37.<br />
<sup>11</sup>Arthur W. Hopkinson, <em>About William Law</em> (London: SPCK, 1948), 76.<br />
<sup>12</sup>J.H. Overton, <em>William Law, Nonjuror and Mystic: Author of ‘A Serious Call to A Devout and Holy Life’, c., Formerly Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge: A Sketch of His Life, Character, and Opinions</em> (London, Longmans, Green, and Co.), 148.<br />
<sup>13</sup>Ibid.<br />
<sup>14</sup>Ibid., 72.<br />
<sup>15</sup>Ibid.<br />
<sup>16</sup>Macquarrie, <em>Two Worlds</em>, 181.<br />
<sup>17</sup>Ibid.<br />
<sup>18</sup>Whyte, <em>Characters and Characteristics</em>, 28.<br />
<sup>19</sup>Ibid.</FONT></FONT></p>
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<title><![CDATA[hat jemand meinen gott gesehn?]]></title>
<link>http://kellion.wordpress.com/?p=331</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 15 Aug 2008 17:02:37 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>beisasse</dc:creator>
<guid>http://kellion.de.wordpress.com/2008/08/15/hat-jemand-meinen-gott-gesehn/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Eine Anleitung, was zu tun ist, wenn man seinen Glauben verliert, gibt es schon von dem von mir sehr]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Eine Anleitung, was zu tun ist, wenn man seinen Glauben verliert, gibt es schon von dem von mir sehr geschätzten <a href="http://www.hans-conrad-zander.de/" target="_blank">Hans Conrad Zander</a> ("Von der rechten Art, den Glauben zu verlieren"). Man hat mir davon erzählt und ich zähle mal seine "Verhaltensregeln" nach <a href="http://www.theol.unibe.ch/alumni/documents/vortrag_ch_lienemann.pdf" target="_blank">diesem Referat</a> auf:</p>
<ul>
<li>1. „Im Falle einer religiösen Lebenskrise gehen wir ausgiebig, regelmässig und genussreich schlafen.“</li>
<li>2. „Im Falle einer religiösen Lebenskrise gehen wir recht häufig ins Schwimmbad oder in die Sauna.“</li>
<li>3. Ausgezeichnet essen und ausgesuchte Weine trinken.</li>
<li>4. „Im Falle einer religiösen Krise überlassen wir uns, falls wir katholisch sind, dem lösenden Fluss der Tränen. Falls wir evangelisch erzogen sind, versuchen wir wenigstens, ein bisschen zu seufzen.“</li>
<li>5. Unsere Freunde besuchen, ihnen unsere Sorgen klagen und ihr Mitleid ungeniert geniessen.</li>
<li>6. Sich vor sexuellen Nöten und Strapazen hüten.</li>
<li>7. „Wenn wir unsere religiöse Überzeugung verloren haben, dann hüten wir uns davor, sie gleich durch eine andere Überzeugung zu ersetzen. Wir versuchen, wenigstens eine Weile ohne sie auszukommen.“</li>
</ul>
<p>Der Tenor ist hier also "Wenn - dann richtig!". Allerdings gibt es eine damit konkurrierenden Ratschlag von Meister Eckhart im 11. Kapitel seiner "Reden der Unterweisung". <strong>Wenn man meint, Gott sei fortgegangen, so solle man sich ganz so verhalten wie sonst auch.</strong> Denn Gott könne man gar nicht verlieren. Es sei nur unsere Gefühlslage, die uns meinen lässt, wir würden Gott entbehren. Bei Eckhart gilt also: <strong>"Weiter im Text!"</strong></p>
<p>Ich denke auch: Wir werden Gott noch oft verlieren müssen und unser Vokabular für unser Zu Ihm und Von Ihm Reden immer wieder zerstören müssen, damit er uns so erscheinen kann, wie wir es nicht meistern können. Immer muss er eine Überforderung bleiben müssen. Und ihn zu verlieren - davor soll man keine Angst haben. Ich denke da irgendwie auch: Es gibt hier dann für mich im Moment nichts mehr zu tun. Ist doch auch okay.</p>
<blockquote><p><strong>"Es gibt keinen gleich guten Rat, Gott zu finden, als ihn dort zu finden, wo man ihn <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">abblitzen lässt </span>fahrenlässt. Und wie dir war, als du ihn zuletzt hattest, so tu auch nun, da du ihn vermissest, so findest du ihn."</strong> (Meister Eckehart,  Reden der Unterweisung, aus Kapitel 11 [Was der Mensch tun soll, wenn er Gott vermisst und Gott sich verborgen hat])</p></blockquote>
<p>Nebenbei: Erinnert sich jemand an den Song "Hat jemand meinen Hund gesehn?" aus der Sesamstrasse? War das mit Ernie oder hat das eine andere Figur gesungen? Ich bin im Netz bis jetzt noch nicht fündig geworden.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[„Das weiß ich doch längst!“]]></title>
<link>http://blogozentriker.wordpress.com/?p=112</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2008 09:25:35 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>blogozentriker</dc:creator>
<guid>http://blogozentriker.de.wordpress.com/2008/07/14/%e2%80%9edas-weis-ich-doch-langst%e2%80%9c/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ein Satz von Heinz von Foerster, der mich tief beeindruckt hat: „Sagen Sie nie: ‚Das kenne ich s]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ein Satz von Heinz von Foerster, der mich tief beeindruckt hat: „Sagen Sie nie: ‚Das kenne ich schon!’ Das ist das Allerschlimmste!“ Man solle immer an alles herangehen, als näherte man sich ihm zum ersten Mal, meinte von Foerster.</p>
<p>Das finde ich sensationell.<!--more--> Denn wenn Sie sich einmal selbst überprüfen, werden Sie feststellen, dass diese Forderung einen Verfahrensmodus beschreibt, der der Funktionsweise des Alltagsverstandes genau entgegen gesetzt ist. Unser Gehirn produziert ja nämlich permanent, geradezu in einer Endlosschleife, die Illusion: „Ah, klar, kenne ich, logisch, so ist das. Ja, das ist genau so, wie es ist.“ Wir gehen auf einen Schreibtisch zu, dessen Proportionen, objektiv betrachtet, ein einziges Gewackel und Schlingern sind, aber anstatt seekrank zu werden, freuen wir uns auf den Augenblick, da wir auf dem Stuhl hinter dem Tisch Platz nehmen können. Ein Tisch ist für uns einfach ein Tisch, egal, wie bizarr oder edel-elegant das Ding gezimmert ist.</p>
<p>Wir sind Monster der Tautologie. Anders formuliert: Wir sind einfach auf Zweifel von der Natur her nicht eingestellt, das ist ein Trick der Natur, die uns dauernd in die Pfanne haut; darum verehren wir auch methodische Zweifelsüchtige wie Descartes, wie Meister Eckhart, wie George Tabori. Wir ahnen dunkel, dass diese im Recht sind. Wirklich geheuer ist uns das alles, was so geschieht mit uns und um uns, ja auch nicht. Nur suggeriert uns das Gehirn, eine Allzweckwaffe der Evolution, das Propaganda-Ministerium der egoistischen Gene, eben monoton: „Wieso, was ist los? Warum die Aufregung? Ist doch alles okay, alles vertraut, alles im Grünen Bereich, mein Junge.“</p>
<p>Aber lesen Sie mal „Sin City“ z. B., da ist nichts mehr mit Lot. Da ist die Stadt wieder zum Dschungel geworden, wie New York, wie Chicago, wie Washington. Marv, der hässliche Held von einem Schurken, muss sich langsam und systematisch und unter beträchtlichen gesundheitlichen Opfern durch die ganze Stadt morden, um am Ende den heimlichen Herrscher von „Sin City“ zu massakrieren, langsam und genüsslich, einen gefallenen Priester, einen Psychopathen, der sich vom Fleisch junger Frauen ernährt ... okay, das klingt alles ziemlich trashig. Aber geben Sie doch auch mal einer post-hegelianischen Ästhetik eine Chance.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[keine weise]]></title>
<link>http://kellion.wordpress.com/?p=264</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2008 09:19:25 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>beisasse</dc:creator>
<guid>http://kellion.de.wordpress.com/2008/07/11/keine-weise/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Benediktinisch, franziskanisch, evangelisch, katholisch, jesuitisch, charismatisch, Herzensgebet, Ro]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://kellion.wordpress.com/category/monastic/" target="_blank">Benediktinisch</a>, <a href="http://kellion.wordpress.com/2008/07/04/was-ist-franziskanische-spiritualitat/" target="_blank">franziskanisch</a>, evangelisch, katholisch, <a href="http://kellion.wordpress.com/2008/04/23/wir-brauchen-traume-die-nicht-geldmassig-verwertbar-sind/" target="_blank">jesuitisch</a>, charismatisch, Herzensgebet, <a href="http://kellion.wordpress.com/2008/05/01/rosenkranz-oder-gebetsschnur-als-werkzeug-der-sammlung/" target="_blank">Rosenkranz</a>, <a href="http://kellion.wordpress.com/2008/06/22/der-rosenkranz-als-hilfsmittel-fur-ein-einfaches-beten/" target="_blank">Christusrosenkranz</a>, Zen, Vipassana, Yoga, Kontemplatives Gebet, <a href="http://kellion.wordpress.com/2007/12/21/sitzen-lesen-horen/" target="_blank">Centering Prayer</a>, Perlen des Glaubens - <strong>Die Leute suchen vielerlei Weisen</strong>, sagte ein mittelalterlicher Meister. Aber auf die Weise kommt es gar nicht an. <strong>Die "Weise" ist ein Stil, eine private Mode, ist Koketterie und Cliquen-Klüngel-Kram.</strong></p>
<p>Ab heute will ich alle spirituellen Stilfragen lassen und auf ganz einfache Weise auf die unmittelbare Erfahrung zu schauen suchen.</p>
<p>Übrigens: Heute ist für die benediktinische Familie das Hochfest des heiligen Mönchsvaters Benedikt. - Ist das irgendwie von Bedeutung? - Nein.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Daniel Farcas a cistigat Concursul I. P. Culianu]]></title>
<link>http://agorachristi.wordpress.com/?p=106</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 16:21:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>DanutM</dc:creator>
<guid>http://agorachristi.de.wordpress.com/2008/06/30/daniel-farcas-a-cistigat-concursul-i-p-culianu/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
Cititi AICI detalii despre acest premiu prestigios primit de colegul nostru de blog.
Felicitari si ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://agorachristi.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/df.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-42" src="http://agorachristi.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/df.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="262" /></a></p>
<p>Cititi <a href="http://danutm.wordpress.com/2008/06/30/daniel-farcas-a-cistigat-concursul-c-i-culianu/">AICI</a> detalii despre acest premiu prestigios primit de colegul nostru de blog.</p>
<p>Felicitari si la mai multe carti de valoare.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Daniel Farcas a cistigat Concursul I. P. Culianu]]></title>
<link>http://danutm.wordpress.com/?p=640</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 16:12:54 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>DanutM</dc:creator>
<guid>http://danutm.de.wordpress.com/2008/06/30/daniel-farcas-a-cistigat-concursul-c-i-culianu/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
Editura Polirom din Iasi a anuntat astazi ca prietenul nostru Daniel Farcas a cistigat editia 2007 ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://danutm.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/daniel_farcas.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-641" src="http://danutm.wordpress.com/files/2008/06/daniel_farcas.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="262" /></a></p>
<p>Editura Polirom din Iasi a anuntat astazi ca prietenul nostru Daniel Farcas a cistigat editia 2007 a Concursului de debut I. P.  Culianu.</p>
<p>Sincere felicitari!</p>
<p><!--more-->Iata mai jos comunicatul editurii:</p>
<p><strong>C</strong><strong>oncursul de debut „I.P. Culianu", ediţia a III-a,</strong></p>
<p><strong>organizat de Editura Polirom, şi-a desemnat cîştigătorul</strong></p>
<p><strong>Cîştigătorul ediţiei 2007 a Concursului „I.P. Culianu" este Daniel Fărcaş, doctor în Filosofie medievală al Universităţilor Paris IV-Sorbonne şi „Babeş-Bolyai", Cluj-Napoca, cu lucrarea <em>Meister Eckhart. Misticul din căuşul ochiului</em>. Premiul este în valoare de 1.000 euro, manuscrisul urmînd să fie publicat la Polirom. </strong></p>
<p>Concursul de debut „I.P. Culianu" se organizează anual, premiul fiind acordat celei mai interesante lucrări din domeniile: istoria religiilor, studii culturale, mentalităţi, antropologie, ştiinţe socio-umane (psihologie, sociologie, istorie, ştiinţe politice, studii de gen, asistenţă socială), comunicare, relaţii publice, studii media.</p>
<p>Cîştigătorii ediţiilor anterioare au fost: Adela Toplean, Liviu Bordaş, Gabriel Troc, Catrinel Popa şi Lucia Simona Dinescu. Juriul concursului este alcătuit din Tereza Culianu-Petrescu, Dan Petrescu, Liviu Antonesei şi Silviu Lupescu.</p>
<p>Manuscrisele pentru ediţia a patra pot fi trimise pe adresa editurii pînă la data de 31 octombrie 2008 (data poştei). Plicul, pe care nu va fi menţionat numele expeditorului, trebuie să conţină un exemplar al manuscrisului însoţit de un motto, cd-ul cu textul manuscrisului în Word şi, într-un plic sigilat inclus, motto-ul ales şi CV-ul autorului.</p>
<p><strong>Daniel F</strong>ă<strong>rcaş</strong> (n. 1975, Oradea) a absolvit Facultatea de Filosofie a Universităţii „Babeş-Bolyai" şi, ulterior, Facultatea de Litere, specializarea Filologie modernă şi clasică (franceză-greacă veche), a aceleiaşi universităţi. A făcut studii postuniversitare la Universitatea Paris I, specializarea Istoria filosofiei, şi a beneficiat de burse şi stagii de pregătire academică şi de documentare în Franţa. În ianuarie 2008 a obţinut titlul de doctor al Universităţii Paris IV-Sorbonne cu teza „Transcendentalul şi discursul teologic. Metafizică şi analogie la Albert cel Mare şi Meister Eckhart" (coordonatori Jean-François Courtine şi Andrei Marga). A publicat numeroase studii şi articole în <em>Studia Universitatis „Babe</em><em>ş-Bolyai</em><em>"</em>,<em> Caietele Echinox</em>, <em>Familia</em>,<em> Orma</em>,<em> Vatra</em>,<em> Verso </em>ş.a. şi a colaborat în calitate de cercetător la elaborarea unor studii de specialitate. În prezent, este director executiv al Editurii Hypogrammos din Oradea.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Distinction In One]]></title>
<link>http://soulintention.wordpress.com/?p=81</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 15 Jun 2008 03:54:40 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>soulintention</dc:creator>
<guid>http://soulintention.de.wordpress.com/2008/06/14/distinction-in-one/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Finding out who and what we are made of - this is quite the challenge.  Being ready to face that ch]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Finding out who and what we are made of - this is quite the challenge.  Being ready to face that challenge in a world of words, images and media leaves little time to quiet the mind.  The mind wanders, it rambles from the first sip of coffee in the morning to that last few lines of reading we ingest before turning off the light.  We are non-stop machines of progress- tight as slink shots seeking the target which is our own uniqueness.  </p>
<p><strong><em>Unique</em></strong> what a beautiful word - like the markings on the butterfly standing out apart from the wings that give it flight - we cry to the heavens to reveal to our soul a place, a purpose in this microcosm of life that we can call ours.</p>
<p>-  <em> Lord, who am I, where are you in my time of need, do you hear me, can I find you in this book, this internet site, this new latest and greatest technology?   Are you in there Lord?  If I ask will I receive.?  Will I know you any better tomorrow than I do today?  Please call or send me an email, I will check first thing in the morning for your reply to see if you heard my prayer</em>. </p>
<p>In our search for uniqueness and distinction we break apart, away from oneness.  The Oneness that is God, which the Dominican Monk Meister Eckhart wrote about prolifically in the late 13th century - while living in the shadow of the Inquistion and heresy, "<strong><em>Truly, if you were really one, you would remain one in distinctions..."  </em></strong>The ability to remain one with God and distinct in character can only be done by being and knowing truly who and what we are within the scope of God's Oneness. </p>
<p><em><strong>In distinction you cannot find unity, nor being, nor God, nor rest, nor blessedness, nor enjoyment.  Be one, so that you can find God.  Truly, if you were really one, you would remain one even in distinctions and distinction would be one for you, and nothing at all would be in your way. </strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong> Meister Eckhart "The Nobleman"</strong></em></p>
<p>The distinct spots on the butterfly will never reach their highest potential without the total oneness of the creature, its wings, its body and its soul.  <em>Like the markings on the wing of the butterfly, we too can only find Distinction in the Oneness of all.</em></p>
<p><em><strong> </strong></em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[On synchronicity and an epiphany about vulnerability]]></title>
<link>http://seventyandtwo.wordpress.com/?p=63</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jun 2008 17:28:57 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Gerald Fernandez-Mayfield</dc:creator>
<guid>http://seventyandtwo.de.wordpress.com/2008/06/12/synchronicity-and-a-revelation-on-vulnerability/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
I have two ways of loving You:
A selfish one
And another way that is worthy of You.
In my selfish l]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I have two ways of loving You:<br />
A selfish one<br />
And another way that is worthy of You.<br />
In my selfish love, I remember You and You alone.<br />
In that other love, You lift the veil<br />
And let me feast my eyes on Your Living Face.<br />
<strong>Rabi'á al-Basra</strong></p></blockquote>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Everyone has experienced synchronicity. You learn a new word and suddenly you hear it everywhere? You start thinking about a concept and people around you start bringing it up? Wikipedia defines synchronicity in a very succinct manner:</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Synchronicity</strong> is the <a title="Experience" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience">experience</a> of two or more <a title="Event (philosophy)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_%28philosophy%29">events</a> which occur in a <a title="Meaning (non-linguistic)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_%28non-linguistic%29">meaningful</a> manner, but which are <a title="Causality" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality">causally un-related</a>. In order to be 'synchronistic', the events must be related to one another temporally, and the <a title="Probability" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability">chance</a> that they would occur together by <a class="mw-redirect" title="Random" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random">random</a> chance must be very small.</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I have come to believe, simply from my experience, that synchronicity is very often a divine message. A way of God and the Universe nudging you in the right direction. Although it may be perfectly explainable logically, it is anomalous in our perception. At the very least it cannot be ignored. In my life I have one great experience of synchronicity. Throughout the months before I discovered the Baha'i Faith, while still in a limbo of developing panentheism from my atheism, I kept thinking that a religion ought to be founded that united the Abrahamic Faiths and took the attitude of Islam to other religions (Every people being sent a Prophet). During this time, the Baha'i Faith popped up quite a few times in my life. So, from my experience in life and the experiences of others relayed to me, I strongly believe that synchronicity at least demands our respect and attention.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><!--more--></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">So, as a result of synchronicity you get another post on vulnerability. I have been thinking about vulnerability as a virtue and a necessary aspect of salvation/theosis lately (I think that Alison Marshall somehow put this idea in my head; I don't remember quite how though). Today, listening to a podcast from Krista Tippet's radio program Speaking of Faith (Which I recommend to <em>anyone</em> of <em>any</em> religious or non-religious background), I heard an interview with author and philosopher John O'Donohue. John said something that caused an instant connection in my mind and a personal revelation on how vulnerability functions in the human relationships with God and man. I will share two pieces of the program here, one from John himself, and a quote from his book, Anam Kara:</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Mr. O'Donohue: You imagine the surface of the ocean is all restless and then you slip down deep below the surface where it's still and where things move slower. And what I love in this regard is my old friend Meister Eckhart, 14th-century mystic.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="doctitle-caption">Ms. Tippett:</span> Right. German mystic.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="doctitle-caption">Mr. O'Donohue:</span> German mystic. And one day I read in him and he said, "<em>There is a place in the soul — there is a place in the soul that neither time, nor space, nor no created thing can touch." </em>And I really thought that was amazing, and if you cash it out what it means is, that in — that your identity is not equivalent to your biography. And that there is a place in you where you have never been wounded, where there's still a sureness in you, where there's a seamlessness in you, and where there is a confidence and tranquility in you. <em>And I think the intention of prayer and spirituality and love is now and again to visit that inner kind of sanctuary.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">---</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">In the Celtic tradition, there is a beautiful understanding of love and friendship. One of the fascinating ideas here is the idea of soul-love; the old Gaelic term for this is <em>anam kara</em>. <em>Anam</em> is the Gaelic word for soul and <em>kara</em> is the word for friend. In the early Celtic church, a person who acted as a teacher, companion, or spiritual guide was called an <em>anam kara</em>. It originally referred to someone to whom you confessed revealing the hidden intimacies of your life. With the <em>anam kara</em> you could share your innermost self, your mind, and your heart. This friendship was an act of recognition and belonging. … In everyone's life there is great need for an <em>anam lara</em>, a soul friend, in this love you are understood as you are without mask or pretension. Where you are understood, you are at home.</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="text-align:justify;">At that instant, two quotations I have been thinking of a lot lately, from the Baha'i writings and traditions of the Holy Imam `Alí</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align:justify;">O SON OF BEING!<br />
Thy heart is My home; sanctify it for My descent. Thy spirit is My place of revelation; cleanse it for My manifestation.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">(Bahá'u'lláh, 59th Arabic Hidden Word)</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">---</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">He who has known himself has known his Lord.</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Now, the first quotation I actually have not been thinking of. I have been thinking of something that a Baha'i teacher once told me. He said "God gave us this entire planet and everything in it. The only thing He asks for Himself is our hearts. God wants to dwell in our hearts." I don't know exactly where this teacher picked that bit of wisdom up, but I see ample evidence for it in the Baha'i writings, and the 59th Arabic Hidden Word is just one of the many places where Bahá'u'lláh intones this incredible call to vulnerability and inner purity.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">As I lay in my bed with my dog's chew-toys in my ears (Which humans know as very expensive headphones :p) all these quotations came together as the answer to the question of vulnerability that I have been exploring as an aspect of Baha'i theosis, especially as revealed in the Hidden Words of Bahá'u'lláh (Which, according to Shia tradition were first revealed to the wife of the Imam `Alí, Lady Fatimah)</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">John O'Donohue talks about that place in our soul that has never been hurt, remains pure an unaffected by the world. He explains that that place is an identity free of any worldly attachments. Bahá'u'lláh talks about the heart and the spirit, and I believe He is speaking of the same concept, the Gaelic <em>anam. </em>Bahá'u'lláh also tells us that God's home is that place, <em>anam</em>, and He is manifest within that inmost spirit. This then is what Imam `Alí meant I think, when He said<em> "He who has known himself has known his Lord". </em>Since God is manifest in the inmost spirit of man, we can only access the very elevated and distant God by knowing Him through Our internal divinity (Our meaning shared between man and God). This also makes the dichotomy of a search for God within versus a search for God without immaterial.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">`Abdu'l-Bahá explains that one of the four kinds of Love is love of man for man. But this love is only obtained by two people loving each other for the reflection of God within the other. This is, the Master tells us, the kind of love we should have for everyone, it has nothing to do with their human imperfections, but only with the reflection of God's perfection within them. Thus, as two people grow closer to each other, they grow closer to God, and vice versa. This is the Gaelic concept of<em> anam kara</em> and it calls for vulnerability.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">In life, we do our best to hide our inmost self, we create veils and masks and shields. If someone can see our inmost self, we lose control over the relationship, and open ourselves up to intense hurt. However, if that inmost self is a home for God, and true love only happens when people grow closer to each other and God simultaneously, we are then called to open ourselves up in all our relationships and try to see into the inmost self of others. When we want power in relationships we make ourselves more distant from others and from God. Thus, vulnerability is essential to love of all kinds and to salvation. We must open ourselves to harm and have faith that only good will enter. When we do this, we are following the directions of Bahá'u'lláh and allowing our hearts to become homes for God. Dieing to the world that He many live eternally in us.</p>
<blockquote><p>O SON OF MAN!<br />
If thou lovest Me, turn away from thyself; and if thou seekest My pleasure, regard not thine own; that thou mayest die in Me and I may eternally live in thee.</p>
<p>(Bahá'u'lláh, Seventh Arabic Hidden Word)</p></blockquote>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Thanks to Alison, who often helps me clue into important theological lessons lately, I started to ponder vulnerability. I knew it was important, but it is an abstruse idea. This morning, thanks to that divine synchronicity that helps restore my wonder in the natural world, I think I have started to realize some of it and the Hidden Words have become slightly less hidden to me. I apologize if this post was rather wacky, but I worked through my thoughts by writing them to some extent (Which I have heard is a feminine way of thinking; one that I am very dependent on despite the gender gap).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>PS:</strong> <em>In case there is a synchronitic message here, I will tell you all that I keep writing Imam `Alá instead of Imam `Alí. `Alá is the name of a Baha'i month, and Arabic for loftiness. If anyone thinks that means anything . . . :P Also, if you want to search for the book Anam Kara, or the topic in general, spell it anam cara.<br />
</em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Seeking Solid Ground -- Meister Eckhart]]></title>
<link>http://soulintention.wordpress.com/?p=71</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 31 May 2008 05:26:49 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>soulintention</dc:creator>
<guid>http://soulintention.de.wordpress.com/2008/05/30/seeking-solid-ground-meister-eckhart/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&#8220;A human being has so many skins inside, covering the depths of the heart. We know so many thi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span class="body"><span style="font-size:x-small;font-family:Verdana;"><em><strong>"A human being has so many skins inside, covering the depths of the heart. We know so many things, but we don't know ourselves! Why, thirty or forty skins or hides, as thick and hard as an ox's or bear's, cover the soul. Go into your own ground and learn to know yourself there."     Meister Eckhart</strong></em></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span class="body"><a href="http://soulintention.wordpress.com/gp/reader/0824519965/ref=sib_dp_pt#reader-link"><img src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51CV5RV6EEL._SL500_BO2,204,203,200_PIlitb-dp-500-arrow,TopRight,45,-64_OU01_AA240_SH20_.jpg" border="0" alt="The Man from Whom God Hid Nothing (A Herder &#38; Herder Book)" width="240" height="240" /></a></span></p>
<p><span class="body">An incredible book that brought to life for myself the mystical insight this late 12th to early 13th century Dominican priest named Meister Eckhart.   <em><strong>The Mystical Thought of Meister Eckhart </strong></em>was the first book I had read on Eckhart, though I had heard of him I feared I would not be able to absorb his message.  Since reading it I have come to cherish it as one of my favorites on Christian mystism and refer back to it whenever I need to reference soul, my soul that is, to find that grounding the he speaks to over and over again throughout his sermons.   It has lead me to seek out further publications of his sermons and writings.   </span></p>
<p><span class="body">For those who love to talk Soul ---- I would recommend highly.    </span></p>
<p><span class="body"><strong><em>Soul Intention</em></strong>  </span></p>
<p><span class="body">  </span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Lord Was Not...]]></title>
<link>http://merginglanes.wordpress.com/?p=157</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 28 May 2008 17:31:44 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>jadanzzy</dc:creator>
<guid>http://merginglanes.com/2008/05/28/the-lord-was-not/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[** This is largely inspired by Peter Rollins **
In chapter 19 of 1 Kings, Elijah, before his God, pl]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>** This is largely inspired by Peter Rollins **</em></p>
<p>In chapter 19 of 1 Kings, Elijah, before his God, pleads for mercy upon his life by those who desire to kill him and God's prophets. The LORD tells Elijah to stand on the mount and to wait. However, the LORD evades Elijah's expectations of visitation several times before finally the LORD meets Elijah in silence, in a whisper. Throughout the passage, the phrase 'The LORD was not..." is repeated as if to imply that we cannot expect God to be where we we think God should be.</p>
<p>I'm an idealist. I dream about living in fantastical worlds imagined by Salvador Dali and Gogo Dodo from Tiny Toon Adventures. Experimental music and art films capture my attention because of all the loose ends and endless interpretations that can be derived from it. I revel in artistic uncertainty. But all this adventure crumbled in the face of my theological exploration. I found that I had drawn thick black lines of theological certainty around biblical concepts. Not only had I settled for static notions of God, but I actually reveled in its supposed steadfastness. In this epistemological world, permeability was heresy.</p>
<p>In the story of God, however, there's always redemption. As it turns out, I was redeemed of my stasis. Dramatic.</p>
<p>And these thoughts form... (I shall endeavor to remain fluid in my grasp, or un-grasp, of God)</p>
<p>Maybe God would rather me have fight to believe rather than accepting the horrible "God said it. I believe it. That settles it" paradigm. We see uncertainty played out through the scriptures. We experience betrayal and rejection. We see atrocity committed by the very people we believe should be examples of faith. Abraham questions God. Jacob wrestles with God. God permits thousands of deaths. Jonah runs from God. Jesus meets the people, only to run away later. He heals them, then instructs them not to tell of his miracles. He is God, yet He dies on a lowly cross. He resurrects, only to disappear later. Kill me now. Here we see God challenging our very notions of how God is supposed to be. Indeed, God challenges our very notion of why we believe in God at all.</p>
<p>Scripture does not establish certainty, but rather, faith in tension. God doesn't give logical reasons for why we must have unwavering faith in him. He gives us stories of how we fail to understand and will always fail to understand; nevertheless he tells us to maintain hope. Might we, then, have to reject our concepts of God and truly let our words be few? Maybe, as Kierkegaard said, we have to let our actions speak rather than engage in rationalistic discourse. Maybe we have to reject our notions of church to believe in church again. Maybe we have to drive nails through Jesus again so that we see him resurrected in our lives in a new way.</p>
<p>What, then, does this look like in faith lived out? What implications does Meister Eckhart's prayer of "God, rid me of God" have in our everyday lives? Or in our faith communities? What do we do when we recognize that our theology, our idolatry of static ideas, all crumble in the face of our finitude? Truly, in our finitude, everything becomes mere interpretation. This, however is not cause for panic. Truth does not fall in the face of our interpretation. Truth, as Paul Ricoeur says, is that which unifies us in the midst of our fragmented interpretations.</p>
<p>And thus, God still remains God.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[literatuurlijst]]></title>
<link>http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/?p=35</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 19 May 2008 22:11:56 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Welmoed Vlieger</dc:creator>
<guid>http://welmoedvlieger.de.wordpress.com/2008/05/19/referenties/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
 
Werken van Meister Eckhart
 
-          Werke I, II. Vertaald door J. Quint e.a., uitg]]></description>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span lang="DE"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span lang="DE"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Werken van Meister Eckhart</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span lang="DE"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="DE">Werke I, II. Vertaald door J. Quint e.a., uitgegeven en van commentaar voorzien door Niklaus Largier, Frankfurt a.M. (Deutscher Klassiker Verlag) 1993 </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="NL"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="NL">Meister Eckhart, <em>Over God wil ik Zwijgen</em>, <em>I De Traktaten</em>, vertaald door C.O. Jellema, Historische uitgeverij Groningen, 2001 </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="NL"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="NL">Meister Eckhart, <em>Over God wil ik Zwijgen</em> <em>II Preken</em>, vertaald door C.O. Jellema, Historische uitgeverij, Groningen, 2001 </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span lang="DE"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0 0 0 18pt;"><span lang="DE"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span lang="DE"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span> </span>Secundaire literatuur</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span lang="DE"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="EN">Aertsen, J. A., 1992, “Ontology and Henology in Medieval Philosophy (Thomas Aquinas, Master Eckhart and Berthold of Moosburg)”, in E. P. Bos/P. A. Meijer (eds.), <em>On Proclus and his Influence in Medieval Philosophy</em>, (Philosophia Antiqua. A Series of Studies on Ancient Philosophy, Bd. 53) Leiden/New York/Köln, 1992, pp. 120–140.</span><span lang="DE"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="DE">Albert, Karl, ‚Meister Eckharts mystik der Seinserkenntnis’, in:<em> Abendländischen Mystik im Mittelalter</em>, ed. Kurt Ruh, Stuttgart: Metzler, 1986</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span>Caputo, John, “The Nothingness of the Intellect in Meister Eckhart’s ‘Parasian Questions’”, in: The Thomist 39 (1975): 85-115</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span>Caputo, John, <em>The Mystical Element in Heidegger’s Thought</em>, Athens Oh.: Ohio University Press, 1978</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span>Davies, Oliver, <em>Meister Eckhart: Mystical Theologian</em>, London: SPCK,<span>  </span>1991</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="DE">Flasch, K., ed., <em>Von Meister Dietrich zu Meister Eckhart</em> (1984) Hamburg: Meiner</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="DE">Flasch, Kurt, <em>Meister Eckhart: Die Geburt der “Deutschen Mystiek“ aus dem Geist der arabischen Philosophie</em>, München: Beck, 2006</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="DE">Flasch, Kurt, ’Die Intention Meister Eckhart’s’, in: H. Röttges (Hg.), <em>Sprache und Begriff</em>. Festschrift Für B. Liebrucks, Meisenheim 1974, 292-318</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="NL">Goris, W., 1997, <em>Einheit als Prinzip und Ziel. Versuch über die Einheitsmetaphysik des</em> Opus Tripartitum <em>Meister Eckharts</em>, (Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters, Bd. </span><span lang="EN">LIX) Leiden/New York/Köln.</span><span lang="DE"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="NL">Grotz, St., 2002, “Meister Eckharts Pariser Quaestio I: Sein oder Nichtsein – ist das hier die Frage?”, in <em>Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie</em> 49, pp. 370–398</span><span lang="DE"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="DE">Hauke, Rainier, Trinität und Denken. Die Unterscheidung der Einheit von Gott und Mensch bei Meister Eckhart, Frankfurt / M. 1985</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="NL">Imbach, R., 1976, <em>DEUS EST INTELLIGERE. Das Verhältnis von Sein und Denken in seiner Bedeutung für das Gottesverständnis bei Thomas von Aquin und in den Pariser Quaestionen Meister Eckharts</em>, Studia Friburgensia, Bd. 53 Freiburg/Schweiz.</span><span lang="DE"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="NL"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="NL">Jellema, C.O., en E.J. van Wolde, <em>Pöezie, wijsheid en mystiek : wetten tegen afbakening</em>, Vught 2000. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="NL"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="DE">Langer, Otto, ‘Zum Begriff der Innerlichkeit bei Meister Eckhart’, in:<em> Abendländischen Mystik im Mittelalter</em>, ed. Kurt Ruh, Stuttgart: Metzler, 1986</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="DE">Largier, Niklaus, “Intellectus in deum ascensus: intellecttheoretische Auseinandersetzungen in Texten der Deutschen Mystik”, in: <em>Deutsche Viertelsjahrschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte </em>69 (1995): 423:71</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="NL"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="NL">Maas, Frans, ‘inleiding’ in: Frans Maas, <em>Van God houden als van niemand: preken van Eckhart</em>, Uitgeverij ten Have, Baarn 2001, p. 7 - 42</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span>Maas, Frans, ‘Meister Eckhart – Man’s Divine Live’, in: <em>Studies of Spirituality</em> 16/2006, Peeters publishers, Louvain, Belgium, 2006</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span>McGinn, Bernard, <em>The mystical thought of Meister Eckhart: the man from whom God hid nothing.</em> New York: TCPC,<span>  </span>2001.</span><span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span>Mina, M. O., ‘Mystical texts as Disclosures of Mystagogical Worlds’, in: <em>Studies of Spirituality</em> 14/2004, Peeters publishers, Louvain, Belgium, 2004</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span>Mina, M. O., ‘The Textuality of Mystical Experiences. Mysticism as literature and Theories of Literary Criticism’, in: <em>Studies of Spirituality</em> 11/2001, Peeters publishers, Louvain, Belgium, 2001</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span>Mojsisch, Burkhart, <em>Analogy,</em> <em>Univocity and Unity</em>, 2001</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="DE">Mojsisch, Burkhart, <em>Die</em> <em>Theorie des Intellects bei Dietrich von Freiberg</em>, Hamburg: 1977</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="DE">Mojsisch, Burkhart‚’’Dynamik’ der Vernunft bei Dietrich von Freiburg und Meister Eckhart’, in:<em> Abendländischen Mystik im Mittelalter</em>, ed. Kurt Ruh, Stuttgart: Metzler, 1986</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="DE">Ruh, Kurt, <em>Meister Eckhart. Theologe, Prediger, Mystiker,</em> 2e dr., München 1989<span>    </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span>Schürman, Rainer, <em>Wandering Joy: Meister Eckhart’s Mystical Philosophy</em>, Lindisfarne Books, 2001</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span>Tobin, Frank., <em>Meister Eckhart: thought and language,</em> Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="NL"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="NL">Visser, Gerard, <em>Gelatenheid: Gemoed en hart bij Meister Eckhart</em>, Uitgeverij SUN, Amsterdam 2008</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span>Kelly, P., ‘Meister Eckhart’s Doctrine of divine Subjectivity’, in; <em>The Downside Revue</em>, 1958 (76), p. 65 – 103</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="NL">Ralfs, G., ‘Lebensformen des Geistes. </span><span>Meister Eckhart und Hegel’, in: <em>Kantstudien</em>, Supplement No. 86, Cologne, 1964</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="NL"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="NL">Wel</span><span lang="DE">te, B., ‚Rückblick auf die metaphysic. Thomas von Aquin und Heidegger’s Gedanke von der Seinsgeschichte’ in <em>Wort und Wahrheit</em>, 1967 (XXII), p. 747-757. </span><span lang="DE"><span> </span><span> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span>Schürman, Reiner., Heidegger and Meister Eckhart on Releasement’ in: <em>Research in Phenomenology</em>, 1973 (III)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 0 0 36pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span lang="DE"><span>-<span style="font:7pt &#34;">          </span></span></span><span lang="DE">Mieth, Dietmar, ‚Die Einheit von vita activa und vita contemplativa in den deutschen Predigten und Traktaten Meister Eckharts und Johannes Tauler’, in: <em>Studien zur Geschichte der katholischen Moraltheologie </em>15, Regensburg 1969, p. 184</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span lang="DE"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Meister Eckhart - inleiding]]></title>
<link>http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/?p=30</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 19 May 2008 20:10:21 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Welmoed Vlieger</dc:creator>
<guid>http://welmoedvlieger.de.wordpress.com/2008/05/19/meister-eckhart-inleiding/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[1.1 De ontwikkeling van het moderne Eckhart-onderzoek tot op heden
Tot halverwege de 19e eeuw, de bl]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><strong><span><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.1 De ontwikkeling van het moderne Eckhart-onderzoek tot op heden</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Tot halverwege de 19e eeuw, de bloeitijd van de Romantiek, was de man die tegenwoordig voor velen doorgaat als de grootste mysticus uit de Westerse geschiedenis vrijwel onbekend bij het grote publiek. De pauselijke bul <em>In agro dominico</em> die Johannes XXII op 27 maart 1329 te Avignon uitvaardigde tegen de toen inmiddels overleden Meister Eckhart is van grote invloed geweest op zijn controversiële imago in de eeuwen die volgden. Van de achtentwintig punten van beschuldiging die in de bul waren opgenomen golden er zeventien als ketters en elf als van ketterij verdacht. Het heeft Eckhart’s imago geen goed gedaan en het heeft een kleine 500 jaar geduurd voordat men opnieuw serieus aandacht begon te besteden aan de Duitse Dominicaan. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Hoewel Meister Eckhart door velen in de eerste plaats als mysticus beschouwd en getypeerd wordt onderscheidt hij zich van andere christelijke mystici zoals Johannes van het Kruis, Johannes Tauler en Jan van Ruusbroeck door zijn filosofische taal en onderlegdheid. Eén van de grote thema’s die het filosofisch discours in de late 18<sup>e</sup> en gedurende de 19<sup>e</sup> eeuw bepaalden was de door de Verlichting veroorzaakte kloof tussen rede en geloof. De nadruk op de universalistische rede van de Verlichting had een verlangen naar het mysterieuze, transcendente en gevoelsmatige aangewakkerd. Deze Romantische beweging viel in Duitsland samen met de<span>  </span>herontdekking van het nationaal middeleeuwse verleden en het intellectuele erfgoed. Men ging op zoek naar de nationale ‘Geist’, de Duitse identiteit. De aanvang van de moderne interesse in werk en denken van Meister Eckhart moet in deze context geplaatst worden.</span></span><a name="_ftnref1" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Voordat het grote publiek met Eckhart’s werk in aanraking kwam, begon zich vanuit filosofische hoek een specifieke interesse voor de Duitse mysticus te ontwikkelen. Niet alleen sprak Eckhart een wijsgerige taal, ook leek die taal zeer goed aan te sluiten bij de idealistische stroom van Duitse filosofie die na Kant zijn opmars deed. Franz von Baader (1765-1841), een filosoof uit Munich die zich zowel verdiepte in de Duitse mystieke traditie als in het Engels empirisme en het rationalisme van Kant, zag in Eckhart de representant van een religieuze filosofie waarin denken en voelen op waarachtige wijze verenigd waren. Von Baader beschouwde de zogenaamde speculatieve mystiek, die Eckhart volgens hem op meesterlijke wijze vertegenwoordigde, als de grote verzoening van theologie en filosofie, van rede en ervaring. Aangemoedigd door von Baader liet ook de grote filosoof van het Duitse idealisme, Georg Friedrich Hegel, zich door Meister Eckhart inspireren. Hij zag veel overeenkomsten tussen zijn eigen ideeën en die van Eckhart en inderdaad biedt Hegel’s <em>Philosophie des Geistes</em> interessante inzichten met betrekking tot Eckhart’s speculatieve filosofie.</span></span><a name="_ftnref2" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> <span>Omdat von Baader de eerste was die aandacht schonk aan het denken van Eckhart in de context van de moderne ‘struggle’ om de kloof tussen rede en geloof te dichten, kan hij beschouwd worden als de grondlegger van het moderne kritische Eckhart-onderzoek. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Hoewel Eckhart in de loop der eeuwen verschillende denkers tot inspiratie was kwam de kritische studie van Eckhart’s werk vanaf 1857 pas echt van de grond. De oorzaak hiervan is dat Eckhart’s geschriften ten dele in het Middel-Hoog Duits en ten dele in het Latijn zijn geschreven en de eerste publicatie van zijn werk relatief lang op zich liet wachten. Tot die tijd moest men het doen met de preken die gevonden waren in de oude edities van Johannes Tauler, één van Eckhart’s tijdgenoten en leerlingen</span></span><a name="_ftnref3" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">. Pas toen Franz Pfeiffer in 1857 de eerste editie publiceerde van Eckhart’s preken en traktaten werd zijn werk toegankelijk voor een groter publiek en begon ook de interesse vanuit wetenschappelijke hoek verder toe te nemen. Met name historici en theologen lieten zich door Pfeiffer’s editie motiveren Eckhart’s denken nader onder de loep te nemen. De vraag in hoeverre Eckhart als ketters beschouwd moest worden raakte meer en meer op de achtergrond en maakte plaats voor het debat waarin de consistentie en coherentie van Eckhart’s theologisch en filosofisch denken centraal kwam te staan. Dat niet alleen de objectieve kennisverwerving maar vaak ook de persoonlijke agenda van de verschillende interpretatoren hierbij tot leidraad was blijkt wel uit de dikwijls sterk contradictoire en soms lelijk vervormde lezingen en interpretaties die hun weg naar het geïnteresseerde lezerspubliek vonden. Dieptepunt in dit kader vormt toch wel het moment waarop Eckhart’s werk binnen het aandachtsveld van de Nationaal Socialisten komt en Alfred Rosenberg, de ‘filosoof’ van de nazi-partij, Meister Eckhart in </span><span style="font-size:12pt;color:#000000;line-height:150%;">zijn <em>Der Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts,</em></span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"> vereert als ‘de grootste apostel der Teutonen’, wiens werk in elke Duitse boekenkast een plaats hoort te krijgen.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a name="_ftnref4" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn4"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[4]</span></span></span></a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Vanaf 1950 begint er een steeds sterkere behoefte te ontstaan om Eckhart ‘van binnenuit’ te begrijpen. Dat dit geen gemakkelijke opgave is blijkt uit de snel groeiende stroom secundaire literatuur die sinds die periode verschenen is en, ondanks diverse historische, filologische en systematische studies van grote kwaliteit, nog steeds gekenmerkt wordt door enkele grote controverses. Met name de vraag in hoeverre Eckhart beschouwd moet worden als een mysticus dan wel als filosoof c.q. theoloog vormt tot op heden een serieus onderwerp van debat</span></span><a name="_ftnref5" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">. Verschillende Eckhart-specialisten waaronder Bernhard McGinn betogen dat Eckhart zich in zijn geschriften weliswaar een groot <em>Lesemeister</em> betoont maar toch boven alles beschouwd moet worden als een <em>Lebemeister</em>, wiens woorden hun oorsprong vinden in een ervaringsmatige, diep doorleefde mystieke kennis.</span></span><a name="_ftnref6" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> Anderen duiden Eckhart’s werk binnen een exclusief metafysisch kader en beschouwen ‘mystiek’ - door Burkhart Mojsisch omschreven als <em>‘[…] erlebnishaft-irrationele, ekstatische […] privaterfahrung’</em></span></span><a name="_ftnref7" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">- als een categorie die geenszins in verband dient te worden gebracht met <span> </span>Eckhart’s (in de kern) strikt wijsgerige denken.</span></span><a name="_ftnref8" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Hoewel de discussie rond Eckhart’s status als mysticus een wat hopeloos karakter lijkt te dragen – van een interpretatieve ‘horizonversmelting’ zal waarschijnlijk nimmer sprake zijn - toont het debat een problematiek die met betrekking tot praktisch alle thema’s en motieven in Eckhart’s denken naar voren komt en de Eckhart-vorser vroeg of laat met die ene grote vraag confronteert: Wat precies drééf Eckhart, wat wilde hij op zijn publiek overbrengen, waar wilde hij hen deelgenoot van maken? Alle uitvoerige studies ten spijt is een werkelijk bevredigend antwoord op deze vraag tot nog toe uitgebleven, niet in de laatste plaats omdat het onderzoek naar Eckhart’s spirituele drijfveren veelal gekenmerkt wordt door een methode van intuïtie en associatie. Op andere vlakken, zowel in historiografisch, filologisch als literair opzicht (Eckhart de stylist) zijn er inmiddels grote resultaten geboekt. Het onderzoek naar Eckhart’s metafysica, dat de laatste decennia een grote vlucht heeft genomen, heeft veel inzicht gegeven in Eckhart’s ontologie (theorie van het “zijn”) en zijn systeem van analogie, beiden geworteld in de Neo-platonistische metafysica. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Al met al kan gesteld worden dat het onderzoek naar Eckhart’s leven en denken in de laatste decennia zowel op internationaal als op professioneel vlak een grote ontwikkeling heeft doorgemaakt. De verscheidenheid aan disciplines van waaruit leven, werk en denken van Meister Eckhart bestudeerd wordt, maakt dat dogmatisch gefixeerde posities binnen het onderzoek vanuit andere kanten gerelativeerd en kritisch bevraagd worden. Desondanks blijven de visies en interpretaties, zoals gezegd, op een aantal punten toch opvallend verdeeld en verbrokkeld. Hieronder dient zeker ook Eckhart’s theorie over het <em>intellect</em> gerekend te worden. Hoewel verschillende diepgravende studies naar het werk van Eckhart’s Dominicaanse voorgangers, Albert de Grote en Dietrich von Freiburg, veel licht hebben geworpen op Eckhart’s leer van het intellect</span></span><a name="_ftnref9" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, toont de literatuur m.b.t. dit onderwerp een veelheid aan invalshoeken en interpretaties. Alvorens deze nauwkeurig in kaart te brengen en te analyseren, volgt nu eerst een beknopte inleiding op Eckhart’s speculatief-mystieke denken</span></span><a name="_ftnref10" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">. Hiertoe zal eerst aandacht besteed worden aan enkele centrale thema’s en structuren in Eckhart’s preken. Het zijn met name de preken - bijna allemaal in de volkstaal geschreven - die een helder beeld geven van ‘Eckhart de theoloog’ en de mystieke noties die zijn denken karakteriseren. Vervolgens zal overgestapt worden naar Eckhart’s<em> Parisian Questions,</em> een werk dat een belangrijk stadium markeert in Eckhart’s intellectuele ontwikkeling.</span></span><a name="_ftnref11" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> <span>Het zijn de <em>Quaestiones</em> waarin Eckhart zich definitief losmaakt van zijn Thomistische achtergrond en zijn <span> </span>ontotheologie-kritiek<span>  </span>(kritiek op een metafysica waarin<span>  </span>het “zijn” (<em>esse)</em> centraal staat) ondubbelzinnig positioneert. </span></span></span></p>
<h2 style="margin:12pt 0 auto;"><strong><span><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.2<span>  </span>Eckhart’s ‘speculatieve mystiek’ en de centrale <span> </span>positie van het intellect</span></span></span></strong></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt 35.4pt;"><em><span><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Calibri;">Now know, all our perfection and our holiness rests in this: that a person must penetrate and transcend everything created and temporal and all being and go into the ground that has no ground. We pray our dear Lord God that we may become one and indwelling, and may God help us into the same ground. Amen.</span><a name="_ftnref12" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[12]</span></strong></span></span></span></a></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span> </span>In tegenstelling tot zijn Latijnse werken zijn Eckhart’s preken doorspekt met <span> </span>metaforen die Eckhart gebruikt om de verborgen dieptes van God en mens tot uitdrukking te brengen. Hoewel deze metaforen doordrongen zijn van filosofische en theologische speculatie is hun functie zowel theoretisch als praktisch, bedoeld om de ‘normale’ gelimiteerde vormen van bewustzijn te transformeren middels een proces waarin de diepere betekenis van de metafoor voor het praktische, alledaagse leven herkend en verstaan wordt. Eén van de centrale metaforen binnen Eckhart’s speculatieve mystiek en een sleutelterm met betrekking tot zijn visie op de relatie tussen God en mens vormt de “grond”<em> (Grunt/Abgrunt</em>). In de grond zijn God en mens één; ‘<em>Gods ground and the soul’s ground is one ground’</em>, aldus Eckhart.</span></span><a name="_ftnref13" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> <span>De met <em>Grunt</em> aangeduide eenheid of ‘gemengde identiteit’ van God en mens waar de mens in dient ‘af te dalen’ of naar terug te keren, vormt het centrale concept van een grote hoeveelheid noties en thema’s die het werk van Eckhart karakteriseren.</span></span></span><a name="_ftnref14" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Eckhart’s pogingen om zijn publiek bewust te maken van God’s aanwezigheid in de grond van de ziel worden gekarakteriseerd door drie essentiële processen: onthechting (<em>abgescheidenheit</em>), geboorte (<em>gebern</em>) en het doorbreken (<em>durchbrechen</em>). Eckhart’s <em>abgescheidenheit</em> vormt een belangrijk motief in zijn preken en is geworteld in de metafysica die in zijn Latijnse werken tot in detail uitgewerkt wordt. Eckhart benadrukt in zijn preken keer op keer dat het intellect leeg en vrij dient te zijn van alle vormen en alle gehechtheid aan vormen om God in zich toe te laten:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt 35.4pt;"><em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“You must know that to be empty of all created things is to be full of God, and to be full of created things is to be empty of God.”</span></span></em><a name="_ftnref15" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><em><span><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[15]</span></strong></span></span></span></em></span></a><em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Pas wanneer een mens in staat is zichzelf volkomen op te geven wordt God’s zelf-kennis de zijne, of beter (aangezien er in de grond geen onderscheid is), is er enkel nog sprake van één essentiële zelf-kennis, een voor Eckhart’s tijd zeer gewaagde claim. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">Eckhart’s <em>Grunt</em> staat in nauwe relatie tot zijn tweede dynamische metafoor, het zgn. geboorte-motief. Hoewel de geboorte-mystiek niet begint bij Eckhart maar als eerste door Origenes werd geformuleerd, krijgt de ‘geboorte van het Woord in de ziel’ bij Eckhart een geheel nieuwe uitleg en subtiliteit. Aangezien de geboorte van de Zoon alleen plaats kan hebben in de grond, zijn deze twee aspecten onlosmakelijk met elkaar verbonden, echter niet gelijk aan elkaar. Hoewel Eckhart de<em> Grunt</em> in verschillende preken identificeert met de Vader, gaat de grond in enkele - meer radicale - teksten ‘voorbij’ aan de Triniteit, aan de geboorte van het Woord, en spreekt Eckhart in dit verband van het<em> worden</em> en <em>ontworden</em> van God (<em>got wird und entwirt</em>). Aan de basis hiervan ligt het onderscheid dat Eckhart maakt tussen God en Godheid. </span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">De Godheid <em>wordt</em> God in het scheppingsproces; </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt 35.4pt;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><em><span>“[…] but when I enter the Ground, the bottom, the flood and source of the Godhead, no one asks me where I come from or where I have been. </span></em><em><span>There no one misses me, and there God ‘unbecomes’”</span></em></span></span><a name="_ftnref16" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><em><span><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[16]</span></strong></span></span></span></em></span></a><em></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">De kracht in de ziel die deze doorbraak veroorzaakt is het <em>intellect</em>, dat zichzelf nimmer tevredenstelt met goedheid, wijsheid, waarheid en zelfs God, maar ‘zich een weg forceert’ en ‘doorbreekt tot de grond’, <em>‘[…] into the silent desert where distinction never gazed’.</em></span></span><a name="_ftnref17" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><em><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[17]</span></strong></span></span></em></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"> </span></em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">Paradoxaal genoeg is het niet het actieve, maar het <em>passieve</em> intellect dat uiteindelijk tot de grond weet door te breken. </span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">Voorbij het intellect dat zoekt: <em>“there is another intellect that does not seek but rather remains in its simple pure being which is enveloped by this [divine] light.”</em></span></span><a name="_ftnref18" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><em><span><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[18]</span></strong></span></span></span></em></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">We zullen de preken nu even laten voor wat ze zijn en overstappen naar één van Eckhart’s Latijnse werken, de <em>Parisian Questions</em>, waarin duidelijk wordt waarom Eckhart de <em>Lesemeister</em> het intellect (en niet het zijn) binnen zijn metafysica centraal stelt en als een vorm van niet-zijn beschouwd. </span></span></p>
<h3 style="margin:0 0 auto;"><span><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Calibri;">1.2.1 Het Absolute Principe als Intellect zonder zijn</span></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">In zijn<em> first</em><span> </span><em>Parasian Question –</em><span> waarin Eckhart een antwoord formuleert op de probleemstelling of het “zijn” (</span><em>esse</em><span>) van God identiek is met zijn “intellectuele act” (</span><em>intelligere</em><span>) -</span> ontkent Eckhart dat <em>esse</em> het fundamentele transcendentale predikaat vormt voor God: </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">[…] it no longer seems to me that God understands because he is, but rather that he is because he understands; so that God is </span></em><em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">intellect and the act of intellection is the foundation of his being</span></em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">.</span></span><a name="_ftnref19" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">God is puur intellect. Maar hoe verhoudt het intellect (het ‘kennen’) in God zich tot het zijn in God? In Eckhart’s visie is zijn, in intellect, niets anders dan intellect en daarom niet simpelweg zijn, maar zijn dat tot intellect is ‘opgeheven’. Zou men desondanks stellen dat ‘kennen’ (of wat dan ook) in God <em>omschreven</em> kan worden als ‘zijn’ dan is Eckhart’s korte maar krachtige antwoord hierop dat ‘zijn’ nog altijd het kennen van intellect veronderstelt. Intellect vormt de grond van zijn, sterker nog, intellect is een vorm van niet-zijn:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">[…] <em>intellect is the opposite of being <span> </span>and a form of non-being</em>.</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"> </span></span><a name="_ftnref20" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Het is voor Eckhart dus evenzeer juist om te stellen dat God, formeel gesproken, helemaal geen zijn heeft. God is zodanig identiek met zijn intellect dat het voor Eckhart niet langer houdbaar is om het predikaat “zijn” aan God toe te kennen. <span> </span>Hoe moeten we dit begrijpen? </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span> </span>Aan de basis van Eckhart’s these ligt zijn perceptie van God als ware of universele oorzaak: <strong></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">[…] God is not being (esse) nor any being (ens), because nothing is formally present in the cause and in that of which it is the cause, if the cause is a true cause. But God is the cause of all being. Therefore being is not formally present in God.</span></span><a name="_ftnref21" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[21]</span></strong></span></span></span></a></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Voor een ware oorzaak geldt dat deze een hogere vorm van “zijn” bezit dan zijn effecten en deze effecten als zodanig op een hogere manier (al) in zich draagt.</span></span><a name="_ftnref22" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> Omdat God als Schepper de bron en oorzaak van het zijn vormt, en “zijn” dus formeel gesproken in de schepping bestaat, kan dit predikaat daarom niet formeel maar slechts ‘in een hogere zin’ toegekend worden aan God. Eckhart maakt hier gebruik van de theorie van “analogie”</span></span><a name="_ftnref23" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">, waarbij geldt dat wat aanwezig is in de oorzaak formeel niet aanwezig kan zijn in zijn effecten en vice versa;<span>  </span></span><em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">Thus, since all things which are caused are formally beings, God is not formally a being</span></em></span><a name="_ftnref24" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, aldus Eckhart.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span> </span>Maar als geldt dat niets formeel aanwezig kan zijn in zowel de oorzaak als zijn effect, waarom zou Eckhart de analogie dan niet omdraaien door te stellen dat juist God “zijn” is en zijn schepselen “niets”?</span></span><a name="_ftnref25" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[25]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> Eckhart’s antwoord hierop is dat de formele notie van een schepsel nu juist gelegen is in het gegeven dat het geschapen, oftewel, <em>in het zijn gekomen is</em>, en dus is het correcter om “zijn” formeel toe te kennen aan het schepsel dan aan de Schepper als zijnde de oorzaak van het zijn, d.i. boven zijn uitstijgend. Als God nu de analogische oorzaak is van zijn en hij dit zijn dus alleen op een hogere manier in zich draagt, dan is dit <em>in zijn</em> <em>intellect</em>, niet meer als “zijn” maar als “puurheid van zijn”. God draagt alle dingen op zo’n wijze in zich dat zij niet zozeer zijn maar veeleer vrij zijn van zijn, namelijk in Gods intellect dat niet-zijn is. <span> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span> </span>Eckhart’s belangrijkste argumenten voor het niet-zijn van het intellect refereren allen in meerdere of mindere mate aan een passage in het Derde boek van Aristoteles’ <em>De anima</em>:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Therefore, since everything is a possible object of thought, mind in order […] to dominate, that is, to know, must be pure from all admixture; for the co presence of what is alien to its nature is a hindrance and a block; it follows that it too, like the sensitive part, can have no nature of its own, other than that of having a certain capacity. Thus that in the soul which is called mind (by mind I mean that by which the soul thinks and judges) is, before it thinks, not actually any real thing.</span></span><a name="_ftnref26" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[26]</span></strong></span></span></span></a></em><em></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span> </span><span>Om te kunnen ‘kennen’, zegt Eckhart, moet de geest in staat zijn om de vormen van alle kenbare objecten in zich op te nemen zonder tot één van deze objecten te verworden of erdoor gedetermineerd te worden. Anders gezegd, de aanwezigheid van een of andere vorm in de geest <span> </span>zou maken dat deze al het kenbare begrijpt in termen van die bepaalde vorm en zo dus niet tot wérkelijk kennen in staat is. Het intellect moet daarom volledig vrij en leeg zijn van enige particuliere vorm om de vormen van alle dingen in zich op te kunnen nemen. Als de geest in staat is om alle dingen (of iets van alle dingen) te kennen, dan volgt daaruit dat het intellect puur en onvermengd met dit alles moet zijn oftewel, een vorm van niet-zijn. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span> </span>Nu zou hier tegenin gebracht kunnen worden dat het intellect of de intellectuele act op basis van dit argument nog steeds verdedigd kan worden als een <em>modus</em> van zijn. Eckhart heeft met andere woorden nog niet weerlegd dat het verschil tussen zijn en kennen niet zozeer het verschil tussen zijn en niet-zijn is, maar tussen “echt zijn” (<em>en reale, ens naturale</em>) en “cognitief zijn” (<em>ens cognitivum, ens in anima</em>) oftewel, verschillende modi van zijn. Eckhart werkt ook deze problematiek tot in de finesses uit gevolgd door een aantal andere directe en indirecte argumenten voor het niet-zijn van het intellect. Het voert in dit verband echter te ver om zijn argumenten stuk voor stuk te doorlopen.</span></span><a name="_ftnref27" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> <span>Wat de <em>Parisian Questions</em> in elk geval duidelijk illustreren is de rationeel-speculatieve dimensie van Eckhart’s denken die steeds in een dynamische wisselwerking staat met de zgn. mystieke noties en thema’s die met name in zijn preken naar voren komen. <span> </span>Dat Eckhart - die zich in zijn preken van een geheel andere taal en context moest bedienen om zijn inzichten en leringen op zijn (veelal ongeschoolde) gehoor te kunnen overbrengen – niet alleen over een grote mate van creativiteit maar ook over een flinke reeks taalstrategieën beschikte mag duidelijk zijn. Een mooie illustratie vormt in dit kader een klassieke passage uit preek 9 waarin Eckhart zijn argumenten voor het niet-zijn van God als een vitale spirituele waarheid tot uitdrukking brengt:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt 35.4pt;"><em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Everything Works in being; nothing can work above its being. Fire can only work in wood. God works above being in the open where he can move. He works in non-being. Before being was, God was working. He worked being when being did not exist. Unsophisticated theologians say God is a pure being. He is as high above being as the highest angel is above a gnat. I would be speaking as incorrectly in calling god a being as if I were to call the sun pale or black […] One teacher says: whoever thinks that he knows God, if he knows anything, he does not know God. In saying that God is not a being, I have not denied being to him, rather I have raised it up in him.</span></span></em><a name="_ftnref28" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><em><span><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">[28]</span></strong></span></span></span></em></span></a><em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> <span> </span></span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">In deze preek herhaalt zich opnieuw de claim dat de <em>puritas essendi</em> van God beter omschreven kan worden als ‘kennen’ en niet als ‘zijn’. </span><em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">“To percieve God as being is to see God in his antechamber. Intellect is the temple where God actually dwells”, </span></em><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">aldus Eckhart<em>.</em></span></span></p>
<div><span style="font-family:Calibri;">UNDER CONSTRUCTION</p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpFirst" style="line-height:normal;"><a name="_ftn1" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Vgl. Davies O., <em>Meister Eckhart: Mystical Theologian</em>, p. 12</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height:normal;"><a name="_ftn2" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Niet iedereen juicht Hegel’s idealistische interpretatie en<span>  </span>‘toe-eigening’ van Eckhart’s ideeën toe, laat staan de optie om via Hegel ‘toegang’ tot Eckhart’s complexe denken te krijgen. Zie in dit kader o.a. een voetnoot van Gerard Visser in zijn onlangs verschenen boek <em>Gelassenheit – Gemoed en Hart bij Meister Eckhart</em>: ‘….. (boek ligt thuis)’</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height:normal;"><a name="_ftn3" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref3"></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">3 Gepubliceerd door Kachelouen (Leipzig, 1498) en Adam Petri (Bazel, 1521 en 1522).</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height:normal;"><a name="_ftn4" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Vgl. Davies. O., p. 12 - 16</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn5" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Zie m.b.t. deze discussie o.a. McGinn B., <em>The Mystical Thought of Meister Eckhart</em> (2001), p.20 - 21</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn6" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <span>‘<em>Meister Eckhart is no theoretician of this experience; he does not speak “about” it, but “from out of” it’</em>, aldus John Caputo in zijn artikel ‘Fundamental Themes in Eckhart’s Mysticism’ (The Thomist 42, 1978).</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn7" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Burkhard Mojsisch, Meister Eckhart. <em>Analogy, Univocity and Unity</em>, 2001</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn8" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <span>Auteurs die Eckhart in de eerste plaats beschouwen als mysticus zijn naast Bernhard McGinn o.a.<span>  </span>John Caputo, Oliver Davies en Frank Tobin en in Duitsland Alois Haas, Kurt Ruh en Niklaus Largier. Een metafysische (en anti-mystieke) benadering van Eckhart’s werk zien we o.a. bij: Herbert Fischer, C.F. Kelley en in meer recente studies bij<span>  </span>Kurt Flasch en Burkhart Mojsisch. </span></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn9" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Zie o.a. Kurt Flasch, ed., <em>Von Meister Dietrich zu Meister Eckhart</em> (1984) en Burkhard Mojsisch, <em>Theorie des Intellects bei Dietrich von Freiberg </em>(1984)</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn10" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <span>Men spreekt in relatie tot Eckhart en zijn volgelingen veelal van een ‘speculatieve mystiek’ in die zin dat hun werk <span> </span>wordt gekenmerkt door een complexe filosofische taal. De nadruk ligt niet zozeer op het gevoel (vgl. de zgn. ‘affectieve mystiek’ van bijv. Bernhard van Clairveaux) maar op het <em>intellect</em>.<span>  </span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn11" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Eckhart schreef de <em>Quaestiones</em> gedurende het academisch jaar 1302/03, waarin hij als professor in de theologie lesgaf aan de universiteit van Parijs, enkele jaren later gevolgd door een tweede onderwijsperiode (1311-1313).</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn12" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Preek 42 ( DW 2:309.3-7) <strong>(N.B: alle citaten zullen uiteindelijk in het Duits worden omgezet)</strong></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn13" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> Preek 15 (DW 1:253.5-6)</span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn14" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <span>Voor een uitgebreide analyse van Eckhart’s grond-metafoor zie McGinn, B. The Mystical Thought of Meister Eckhart, Hst. 3</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn15" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <span>DW 5:423.3-4</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn16" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Vertaling uit het Middel-hoog Duits van Oliver Davies</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn17" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Preek 48 (verwijzing toevoegen)</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0 0 10pt;"><a name="_ftn18" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> <span>Preek 71 (DW 3:215.9-11)</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn19" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <em><span>Quia intelligit</span></em><span>; PQ I, no.4</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn20" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <em><span>LW, V, 43: 14</span></em></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn21" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> LW, V, 45: 2-5, OP I, n. 8</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn22" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <span>Zie Eckhart’s <em>Commentary on the Gospel of St. John </em>waarin hij de vier eigenschappen van een essentiële oorzaak specificeert.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn23" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> het type analogie dat Eckhart hier gebruikt werd binnen de scholastische traditie de ‘analogy of attribution’ genoemd. Niet elke oorzaak is per definitie analogisch, een oorzaak kan ook <em>univocaal</em> zijn (vgl. B. Mojsisch, <em>Analogy, univocity and Union</em>, Hst. 4<span>  </span>vgl. ook<span>  </span>hst. 2 van deze scriptie het onderwerp nader aan bod zal komen) Een essentiële oorzaak is echter altijd analogisch.</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn24" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[24]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> LW, V, 46: 7-10, QP I, n. 11</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn25" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[25]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Eckhart doet dit echter wel in zijn “Prologues” van de <em>Opus Tripartitum</em> waarin hij een propositie ontwikkelt die naar eigen zeggen het fundamentele principe van zijn speculatie vormt, nl. dat zijn God is (<em>Esse est Deus</em>: LW, I, 156, Prol. N. 12). In deze zgn. <em>‘Esse est Deus’</em>- these stelt Eckhart het volgende: niet God is zijn, maar zijn is God. Als “zijn” God is, dan is al het andere dus niets. Buiten God is niets. Wat niet zijn is, is niets. Voor alle schepselen geldt dus dat zij formeel gesproken ‘niets’ zijn.</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpMiddle"><a name="_ftn26" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[26]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Aristoteles, <em>De anima</em>, III, 4 (429 a 15-25)</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0 0 10pt;"><a name="_ftn27" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> <span>Voor een uitgebreide tekstuele analyse van Eckhart’s <em>Parisian Questions,</em> zie: J. Caputo, “The Nothingness of the intellect in Meister Eckhart’s ‘Parisian Questions’”, <em>The Thomist</em> 39 (1975)</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpLast"><a name="_ftn28" href="http://welmoedvlieger.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;">[28]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <span>DW 1:154.7-9</span></span></span></p>
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