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<channel>
	<title>ipv6 &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://wordpress.com/tag/ipv6/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "ipv6"</description>
	<pubDate>Mon, 13 Oct 2008 02:09:59 +0000</pubDate>

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<item>
<title><![CDATA[ipv6 urls]]></title>
<link>http://smaftoul.wordpress.com/?p=205</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 11 Oct 2008 11:22:06 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>smaftoul</dc:creator>
<guid>http://smaftoul.de.wordpress.com/2008/10/11/ipv6-urls/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[URLs are written like this: protocol://host-or-address:port/path-or-function
What happens with ipv6 ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>URLs are written like this: <code>protocol://host-or-address:port/path-or-function</code></p>
<p>What happens with ipv6 is that addresses contains colons (":") , so how do you specify the port number in your web browser ? The same happens when you do an scp: you usually do <code>scp user@host:path/to/file /local/path</code>, how can you differenciate the host part and the path which are also seperated with a colon ?</p>
<p>The answer is: USE BRACKETS !<br />
an ipv6 url can be written like this:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>http://[fe80::abcd:abcd:abcd:abcd]:8080/index.html</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Also, a scp command with ipv6 addresses can be like this:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>scp user@[fe80::abcd:abcd:abcd:abcd]:/etc/resolv.conf /tmp</code></li>
</ul>
<p>I hope it's usefull !</p>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[BT's 21 Century Network Is So...Last Century]]></title>
<link>http://gigaom.com/?p=24383</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2008 17:30:02 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Stacey Higginbotham</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gigaom.com/2008/10/10/bts-21-century-network-is-solast-century/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ready for a little Friday humor? Well there&#8217;s this British carrier called BT (s bt) that]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-19796" title="istock_000004000555xsmall" src="http://gigaom.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/istock_000004000555xsmall.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="240" height="180" />Ready for a little Friday humor? Well there's this British carrier called BT (s bt) that's spending £10 billion ($17 billion) to build out an all-IP network that would handle the massive influx of converged data, voice and video traffic coming over the next few years on one network. They've been trashed and <a href="http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article3857377.ece">mocked</a>, as<a href="http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/19/a-bear-speaks-why-verizons-pricey-fios-bet-wont-pay-off/"> so many visionaries often are</a>, but they've kept on building, with the goal of finishing the network <a href="http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=121687">by 2011</a>. Only they apparently didn't build it to talk to the <a href="http://arstechnica.com/articles/paedia/IPv6.ars">next-generation protocols</a>, which is like spending £10 billion for a machine that translates spoken Latin. <!--more--></p>
<p>BT told a high-speed broadband provider in the UK <a href="http://aaisp.blogspot.com/2008/10/bts-21st-century-network-apparently-not.html">that it doesn't support IPv6</a>, which is a protocol backed by the <a href="http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=165646&#38;site=cdn">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>. There are all sorts of <a href="http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080817-were-running-out-of-ipv4-addresses-time-for-ipv6-really.html">dire warnings</a> explaining how as <a href="http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080925-tech-boom-means-china-will-run-out-of-ip-addresses-by-2011.html">more devices connect to the Internet</a> (like your digital picture frame or thermostat), we're going to run out of IP addresses to give them. That means we need to upgrade to IPv6 before we're forced to share IP addresses or take other measures. This requires a big effort from equipment vendors and site owners who have to build and host IPv6 sites. With the doomsday predictions saying <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">IPv6</span> IPv4 addresses will run out some time in 2012, it would appear that the BT 21 Century Network will be finished just in time to become obsolete.</p>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[Kurzeinführung IPv4]]></title>
<link>http://drazraeltod.wordpress.com/?p=855</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 03 Oct 2008 22:03:21 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Dr. Azrael Tod</dc:creator>
<guid>http://drazraeltod.de.wordpress.com/2008/10/04/kurzeinfuhrung-ipv4/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Da ich gerade privat mal für eine E-Mail eine kurze Einführung in IPv4 geschrieben habe, dachte ic]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Da ich gerade privat mal für eine E-Mail eine kurze Einführung in <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" target="_blank">IPv4</a> geschrieben habe, dachte ich mir ich erweiter die noch ein wenig und stell sie auf den Blog. Bevor jemand fragt: Ja mir ist klar dass hier die meisten über alles bescheid wissen was ich hier mal eben schreibe.<!--more--></p>
<blockquote><p>Wir haben eine dynamische, geroutete (von Route, also dem Weg den "sich" die Daten durch das Netz suchen) Adresse. Ich könnte dir unsere aktuelle IP-Adresse geben aber das willst du sicher nicht wissen *g* Weil die sich alle 24 Stunden (oder wenn wir den Router neu starten) ändert, bringt das ja auch nicht viel.<br />
Der Grund für die Änderungen ist, dass Provider für Freenet nur eine bestimmte Anzahl solcher Nummern gekauft haben. Wenn man sich also einwählt bekommt man irgendeine die gerade niemand anders hat, bei Modemverbindungen brauchte man dadurch z.B. nur ein Zehntel oder so der Menge, hätte man jedem eine fest zugewiesen.<br />
Nachteil für die Nutzer ist dass wir nicht ohne weiteres sagen können "Ich kauf mir jetzt die Adresse foobar.de und lass die auf meine Adresse zeigen" die Adresse ändert sich ja ständig.<br />
Nichtgeroutete Adressen sind dann die, die so definiert sind dass sie im Internet nicht weitergeleitet werden. Wenn also jemand in Timbuktu 192.168.230.123 eingibt kommt der nicht an meinen PC, auch wenn der diese Adresse hätte. Jeder darf also so viele nichtgeroutete Adressen vergeben wie er will. Daher haben wir auch hinter unserem Router solche Adressen für jeden Rechner, der Router leitet dann die Daten ins Interne und zurück jeweils über die eine Adresse die er sich vom Provider holt um.</p></blockquote>
<p>Um die Sache mal etwas zu erweitern...</p>
<p>Nichtgeroutete Adressbereiche liegen zwischen folgenden Adressen:</p>
<ul>
<li> 10.0.0.0 bis 10.255.255.255 -&#62; Klasse A</li>
<li> 172.16.0.0 bis 172.31.255.255 -&#62; Klasse B</li>
<li> 192.168.0.0 bis 192.168.255.255 -&#62; Klasse C</li>
<li> 169.254.0.0–169.254.255.255</li>
</ul>
<p>Die Klassen, die ich oben angegeben habe, beziehen sich auf die Menge der verfügbaren Adressen und welcher Block für Netzwerk oder für den einzelnen Client zählen. Die 4 Byte-Blöcke (jeweils eine Zahl von 0 bis 255) sind genau wie im Dezimalsystem nach Wertigkeit geordnet. Das bedeutet wenn man die IP-Adressen hochzählt folgt auf 0.0.0.1 0.0.0.2 und auf 0.0.0.255 die 0.0.1.0. Wenn ich also ein Klasse B-Netzwerk habe, beziehen sich die ersten beiden Byte (172.16.) auf das Netzwerk und die letzten beiden (.0.0) auf den jeweiligen Rechner.</p>
<p>Ich kann also in meinem privaten Class-B-Supernetzwerk (damit Class-B nötig ist, brauchen wir einige Geräte, das werden die wenigsten Privatpersonen mal eben rumstehen haben) ein Netz 172.16.0.0, ein Netz 172.17.0.0 und ein Netz 172.31.0.0 aufbauen (naja und halt noch ein paar andere Netzwerke, so 16*256 oder so).<br />
In jedem dieser Netzwerke kann ich mir dann einen rechner .0.1, einen mit .0.2 und einen mit .0.3 usw. zuordnen. (Das macht 65.536 Clients für jedes dieser Netzwerke)</p>
<p>Für Class A steht mir als privates Netzwerk leider nur eins zur Verfügung... also alles was mit 10. anfängt. Dafür gleicht sich das mit 256^3 Rechnern in diesem Netzwerk mehr als aus. Klasse C im Gegensatz lässt mich 256 private Netzwerke bilden, jedes dafür "nur" mit 255 Rechnern. Das reicht aber für die meisten Privatpersonen durchaus aus, daher wird es meistens auch genutzt.</p>
<p>Das große Problem mit diesen IPv4 Adressen ist, dass wir nur 256^4 Adressen zur Verfügung haben. Diese 4.294.967.296 Adressen werden dann noch um die ganzen privaten Adressen reduziert (wie bereits bemerkt können wir sie ja im Internet nicht nutzen). Außerdem gehen noch Adressen für <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loopback">Loopback</a>, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast">Multicast</a> und verschiedenste andere reservierte Blöcke weg.</p>
<p>Diese unglaublich hohe Zahl an Adressen scheint ziemlich groß, aus genau diesem Grund wurde sie auch als das IP-Protokoll erfunden wurde durchaus als ausreichend angesehen. Das Internet ist jedoch extrem angewachsen, heutzutage hat ja schon fast jedes Handy einen Internetzugang von 2-3 PCs pro Haushalt mal ganz abgesehen.<br />
Jetzt können wir diese Adressen wie bereits ganz oben bemerkt mit einem Router und einem Netzwerk aus privaten Adressen für viel mehr Adressen verwenden (dieser Vorgang nett sich NAT, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Address_Translation" target="_blank">Network Adress Translation</a>) doch dies hat einige Nachteile. Wenn z.B. jemand eine Verbindung von außen mit einer privaten Adresse aufbauen will geht das nur sehr schwierig. Dies wird jedoch nötig, will man einen Webserver betreiben oder ähnliche Dienste anbieten. Gut, einen Server betreiben ja nur wenige zuhause... doch was tun wir wenn wir jemandem anders eine Datei per Messenger senden wollen? Einer der beiden Gesprächspartner will also eine Adresse zum anderen aufbauen, wenn beide hinter einem NAT sitzen wird dies etwas schwierig. Es ist durchaus nicht unmöglich, doch es geht, kurz gesagt, beschissen umständlich.</p>
<p>IPv4-Adressen sind auch äußerst schlecht aufgeteilt. Die USA halten mal eben alleine 74% aller Adressen. Für den Rest der Welt bleibt dann der ganze Rest. Die ganze Bevölkerung in China hat z.B. weniger Adressen zur Verfügung als mal eben ein einzelner Anbieter in den USA. Da dies danach entschieden wurde, wann welche Region sich die Adressen gesichert hat, trifft es also mal wieder die ärmsten Teile der weltweiten Bevölkerung.</p>
<p>Wie bringen wir also immer mehr Rechner ans Netz? Wir steigern die Menge der Adressen! Das geht leider mit IPv4 nicht, also müssen wir das Protokoll komplett überarbeiten. Das wurde getan und das Ergebnis nennt sich IPv6 (jap, v5 wurde mal wieder <a href="http://www.easy-network.de/ipv5.html" target="_blank">vergessen</a>)<br />
Um die Frage nach der genauen Menge der Adressen bei IPv6 zu beantworten (und mir dazu die Rechnerei zu ersparen) bemühen wir mal kurz Wikipedia:</p>
<blockquote><p>Eine IPv6-Adresse ist 128 Bit lang (IPv4: 32 Bit). Damit gibt es etwa 3,4 * 10^38 (340,28 Sextillionen = eine Zahl mit insgesamt 39 Stellen) IPv6-Adressen. IPv4 kann maximal 232 Adressen vergeben, also etwa 4,29 · 10^9.</p></blockquote>
<p>Um das mal auf etwas besser vorstellbare Bereiche umzurechnen: Es handelt sich um ca. 655.570.793.348.866.943.898.599 Adressen pro Quadratmeter Erde, also mit Meeresfläche und allem. (Hey, ich sagte ETWAS besser vorstellbar, nicht viel besser.)</p>
<p>Weil die beiden Versionen v4 und v6 nicht kompatibel sind, können Systeme die nur eins von beidem verwenden leider auch nicht miteinander reden. Man kann allerdings beides parallel verwenden und dann sowohl auf v4 als auch auf v6-Server zugreifen. Weiterhin kann man die Protokolle über das jeweils andere "tunneln", sprich ich verpacke meine IPv6 Daten in v4-Daten, sende sie über ein v4-Netzwerk an einen v4-Server, dieser entpackt die Pakete und leitet sie über ein v6-Netzwerk an einen v6-Server weiter... oder halt umgekehrt.</p>
<p>Da driften wir dann aber auch schon in IPv6-Details ab, die ich wohl lieber in einem seperaten Post behandeln sollte. Das ganze ist eh schon zu einem halben Roman geworden. Sollten noch Fragen bestehen freue ich mich darauf sie, soweit möglich, in den Kommentaren zu beantworten.</p>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[Vint Cerf, IPv6 e IDN]]></title>
<link>http://esperimentotre.wordpress.com/?p=162</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2008 23:54:25 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>alezzandro</dc:creator>
<guid>http://esperimentotre.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/30/vint-cerf-ipv6-e-idn/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Nonostante le mie rassicurazioni, questo post arriva un po&#8217; in ritardo, e forse anche fuori te]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nonostante le mie rassicurazioni, questo post arriva un po' in ritardo, e forse anche fuori tempo massimo, dato che <a href="http://punto-informatico.it/2419501/PI/News/cerf-ipv6-morte.aspx">Punto Informatico ha già raccontato</a> molto di quello che avrei scritto io. Dovete perdonarmi, ma è appena terminato un week-end di caldo e sole e io l'ho passato ovunque tranne che a casa: se viveste in Inghilterra sapreste cosa vuol dire! ;-)</p>
<p>Vint Cerf è <em>l'uomo più elegante dell'ICANN</em>, così me lo avevano descritto e, martedì mattina, ho avuto una mezza conferma, quando, durante <a href="http://esperimentotre.wordpress.com/2008/09/20/a-colazione-con-vint-cerf/">la breve visita a Nominet</a>,  ha sfoggiato un abito grigio scuro impeccabile, con gilè e camicia con gemelli.</p>
<p>Segue breve riassunto dell'intervento.</p>
<p><strong>Le maggiori sfide di Internet: IPv6</strong></p>
<p>(PI ne parla in modo abbastanza chiaro <a href="http://punto-informatico.it/2419501/PI/News/cerf-ipv6-morte.aspx">qua</a>) Lo spazio di indirizzamento associato a IPv4 si sta esaurendo. Sono 15 anni che si sta esaurendo, ma adesso si sta cominciando a vedere il fondo. Se non ci diamo una mossa, qualcuno potrebbe cominciare a comprare interi range di indirizzi IP al solo scopo di venderli, in un secondo tempo, a prezzi elevati. Se questo dovesse verificarsi, il problema diventerebbe ancor più grande.</p>
<p>Da un punto di vista tecnico non c'è nulla che freni il passaggio a IPv6, alcuni registry sono già pronti, altri lo saranno a breve. Il problema sono gli ISP. Molti non sono ancora pronti al passaggio e preferiscono rimandare il problema piuttosto che investire e risolvere.</p>
<p>La transizione sarà comunque lunga e solo se iniziata per tempo sarà indolore (o quasi). Immaginatevi questo scenario: gli indirizzi IPv4 terminano e nuovi siti (e nuovi ISP) sono costretti ad utilizzare solo IPv6. Si rischia la fragmentazione della rete  (<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>fragmentazione fisica</strong></span>).</p>
<p><strong>Le maggiori sfide di Internet: Internationalised Domain Names and gTLD<br />
</strong></p>
<p><strong>IDN</strong>, cioè la possibilità di registrare un nome di dominio utilizzando caratteri non latini (<a href="http://esperimentotre.wordpress.com/2008/09/24/unicode-il-giorno-piu-lungo/">questo post</a>, in fondo). <strong>Nuovi gTLD</strong>, cioè la liberalizzazione (o quasi) nella registrazione di nuovi nomi di dominio di primo livello (.it, com, org, etc.). Questo problema ha due aspetti:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Sicurezza</strong>. Il rischio di phishing aumenta incredibilmente data la quantità di caratteri esistenti.</li>
<li><strong>Tecnico</strong>. Il carico sui root server aumenterebbe notevolmente. Nella loro configurazione attuale, possono gestire fino a un migliaio di TLD, equivalente a circa tre volte il numero attuale. Se ci fosse un;impennata nel numero di nuovi TLD l'intera infrastruttura potrebbe risentirne.</li>
</ul>
<p>Il problema più urgente, naturalmente, è quello della sicurezza. È interessante notare che, sebbene l'introduzione di IDN creerebbe diversi problemi, essa è necessaria. Esistono paesi che danno la possibilità agli utenti di utilizzare Internet nella propria lingua. Gli ISP di questi paesi hanno server dedicati alla traduzione delle query per garantire l'interoperabilità con il DNS dell'ICANN.</p>
<p>Sono realtà importanti che non possono essere ignorate e, se il problema non viene risolto, si rischia di andare verso una fragmentazione di Internet (<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>fragmentazione logica</strong></span>).</p>
<p><strong>DNSSEC</strong></p>
<p>Lo sviluppo di <a href="http://www.dnssec.net/">DNSSEC</a> è importante, soprattutto alla luce delle <a href="http://esperimentotre.wordpress.com/2008/08/09/il-segreto-di-pulcinella/">recenti vulnerabilità</a> nel DNS. L'ICANN è fortemente influenzato dal governo degli Stati Uniti (volenti o nolenti, questa è la realtà) e difficilmente qualcosa si muoverà sul lato DNSSEC, finché il nuovo governo (indipendentemente da chi vincerà) non si sarà installato (quindi, non prima di Gennaio dell'anno prossimo).</p>
<p>NB: questo non implica un coinvolgimento diretto del Presidente, naturalmente, ma è tutta la macchina decisionale che ruota intorno a Washington che, di fatto, si ferma fino a nuovi ordini.</p>
<p><strong>Censura in Cina</strong></p>
<p>Qualcuno ha chiesto perché Google censura in Cina. Da politico navigato qual è, la sua risposta è stata impeccabile: "preferiamo censurare che noi che far censurare a loro, almeno abbiamo il controllo di quel che succede. Solo la versione .CN è censurata, non quella internazionale. Censuriamo solo l'1% dei siti (vabbé, questa se la poteva risparmiare. se mi censuri la parte alta dei risultati di ricerca è come censurarli tutti)".</p>
<p>Ha poi concluso ricordando che nessuno dei loro servizi basati in Cina, così le autorità non possono chiedergli i log dei server o i dati personali degli utenti (come fanno i nostri competitor, ha aggiunto...).</p>
<p><strong>Chrome e Google<br />
</strong></p>
<p>Spinto da qualche domanda, Vint Cerf ha un po' parlato di Google Chrome. Niente di particolarmente rilevante.</p>
<p>Non ha detto una parola a proposito del telefonino con Android. A parte che il lancio ufficiale non c'era ancora stato, credo non avesse voglia di imbarcarsi in una raffica di domande senza fine.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Gli indirizzi IP potrebbero finire entro il 2010 ]]></title>
<link>http://ilmeglio.wordpress.com/?p=254</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2008 16:51:40 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>danmartin</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ilmeglio.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/29/gli-indirizzi-ip-potrebbero-finire-entro-il-2010/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[da: Swzone.it
Uno dei padri di Internet, Vint Cerf, ha recentemente affermato che il numero degli in]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>da: <a href="http://news.swzone.it/swznews-22509.php" target="_blank">Swzone.it</a></p>
<p>Uno dei padri di Internet, Vint Cerf, ha recentemente affermato che il numero degli indirizzi IP potrebbe arrivare alla saturazione entro il 2010, parliamo quindi di un paio d´anni, non di un remoto futuro.</p>
<div>Se ciò accadesse, la Rete subirebbe grossi danni. La risposta potrebbe essere il protocollo IPv6, già tecnicamente pronto e utilizzato fin d´ora in Giappone per collegare tra essi sensori e computer dedicati alla prevenzioni dei terremoti, da cui il paese nipponico è particolarmente colpito.</div>
<div></div>
<div>fonte: <a href="http://news.swzone.it/swznews-22509.php" target="_blank">Swzone.it</a></div>
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<title><![CDATA[How to disable ipv6 networking in Linux]]></title>
<link>http://chandrakanth15.wordpress.com/?p=66</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2008 07:03:08 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>chandrakanth15</dc:creator>
<guid>http://chandrakanth15.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/29/how-to-disable-ipv6-networking-in-linux/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Below listed are the location where you may have to check the entries for ipv6.


/etc/modprobe.conf]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="comText">Below listed are the location where you may have to check the entries for ipv6.</div>
<div class="comText">
<ul>
<li>/etc/modprobe.conf</li>
<li>/etc/sysconfig/network</li>
<li>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0</li>
<li>/etc/hosts</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="comText"><em>Lets start with /etc/modprobe.conf</em> <em>you may have to add these if they are not included in the files.</em></div>
<div class="comText">The /etc/modprobe.conf file is the first step, you do not  need the 'alias ipv6 off' line however, but it does not hurt.</div>
<div class="comText">alias net-pf-10 off<br />
alias ipv6 off</div>
<div class="comText">
<p>You also need to edit some other files, like /etc/sysconfig/network, /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 file and others like maybe ifcfg-wlan0 for example.</p>
<p>$ cat  /etc/sysconfig/network<br />
NETWORKING=yes<br />
NETWORKING_IPV6=no<br />
NOZEROCONF=yes<br />
HOSTNAME=superman</p>
<p>$ cat  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0<br />
# Please read  /usr/share/doc/initscripts-*/sysconfig.txt<br />
# for the documentation of these  parameters.<br />
TYPE=Ethernet<br />
DEVICE=eth0<br />
BOOTPROTO=dhcp<br />
USERCTL=yes<br />
IPV6INIT=no<br />
PEERDNS=yes<br />
ONBOOT=no</p>
<p>$  cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-wlan0<br />
# Please read  /usr/share/doc/initscripts-*/sysconfig.txt<br />
# for the documentation of these  parameters.<br />
TYPE=Wireless<br />
DEVICE=wlan0<br />
HWADDR=<br />
BOOTPROTO=dhcp<br />
IPADDR=<br />
NETMASK=<br />
GATEWAY=<br />
DOMAIN=<br />
ONBOOT=yes<br />
ONHOTPLUG=yes<br />
USERCTL=yes<br />
IPV6INIT=no<br />
PEERDNS=no</p>
<p>Also  check the /etc/hosts file is configured for IPv4 and not IPv6 only, as below;</p>
<p>$ cat /etc/hosts<br />
# Do not remove the following line, or  various programs<br />
# that require network functionality will fail.<br />
127.0.0.1 superman localhost.localdomain localhost</p></div>
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<title><![CDATA[IPv6]]></title>
<link>http://frikeando007.wordpress.com/?p=265</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 28 Sep 2008 07:55:12 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>frikeando007</dc:creator>
<guid>http://frikeando007.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/28/ipv6/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[IPv6 está destinado a sustituir al anterior protocolo de internet IPv4. IPv4 está limitado por el ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:justify;">IPv6 está destinado a sustituir al anterior protocolo de internet IPv4. IPv4 está limitado por el número de direcciones que soporta (IPv4 soporta 2^32, mientras que IPv6 soporta 2^128).  Aunque NAT ha ralentizado la necesitad de migrar a IPv6, ha introducido otros problemas.</p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>Direccionamiento</strong></span></p>
<p>Las direcciones en IPv6 son de 128 bits. Su dividen en 8 bloques de 4 dígitos hexadecimales:</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">fe80:0db8:58ce</span>:<span style="text-decoration:underline;">c53c</span>:<span style="text-decoration:underline;">2c96:7c5a:1234:56ab</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">------------------&#62;                <em>global prefix    subnet        Interface ID</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="color:#0000ff;">Tipos de direcciones</span></strong></p>
<ul style="text-align:justify;">
<li><strong>Unicast: </strong>los paquetes se entregan a una única interfaz.</li>
<li><strong>Global unicast: </strong>son las direcciones públicas enrutables, como en IPv4.</li>
<li><strong>Link-local unicast: </strong>son como las privadas en IPv4, no enrutables.</li>
<li><strong>Unique local unicast: </strong>también son direcciones no enrutables, pero permiten enrutarse en múltiples redes LAN.</li>
<li><strong>Multicast:</strong> son paquetes que se entregan a todas las interfaces identificadas por la dirección multicast. En IPv6 siempre empiezan por FF.</li>
<li><strong>Anycast:</strong> también identifica múltiples interfaces, pero el paquete sólo se entrega al host más cercano. Son direcciones especiales pues se pueden asignar a más de una interfaz.</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="color:#0000ff;">Direcciones reservadas</span></strong></p>
<table style="text-align:justify;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Direcciones</th>
<th>Uso</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 (::)</td>
<td>Es el equivalente a 0.0.0.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 (::1)</td>
<td>Es la equivalente a 127.0.0.1 (localhost)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>0:0:0:0:0:0:192.168.1.1</td>
<td>Formato para escribir IPv4 en una red IPv6/IPv4.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2000::/3</td>
<td>Rango de direcciones global unicast.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FC00::/7</td>
<td>Rango de direcciones unique local unicast.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FE80::/10</td>
<td>Rango de direcciones link-local unicast.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FF00::/8</td>
<td>Rango de direcciones multicast.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3FFF:FFFF::/32</td>
<td>Reservado para ejemplos y documentación.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2001:0DB8::/32</td>
<td>También reservado para ejemplos y documentación.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2002::/16</td>
<td>6to4.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>Funcionamiento básico<br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">En IPv6 los host son capaces de obtener automáticamente una dirección <em>link-local unicast</em>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">El proceso comienza cuando obtienen el <em>global prefix</em> del router y lo concatenan con la MAC de la interfaz, para usarlo como <em>interface ID</em>. Pero la ID son 64 bits, y la MAC son sólo 48, por lo que se rellena con FFFE en el medio. Por ej: 0053.d912.1985 -&#62; 0253.d9FF.FE12.1985.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">En este proceso se aprovecha el séptimo bit para indicar si la dirección es única localmente, o globalmente. Si es un 0 es local, y un 1 indica global. De ahi el número 2 al principio de la dirección, indicando que es global.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Los pasos para la autoconfiguración son:</p>
<ol style="text-align:justify;">
<li>El host envia una solicitud al router (RS) para obtener el prefix (multicast).</li>
<li>El router contesta con el prefix en forma de <em>router adversitemend</em> (RA). También es multicast.</li>
<li>El host recibe la información y puede configurar su interfaz.</li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align:justify;">A pesar de esto, DHCP todavía es necesario, pues nos proporciona información -DNS, dominios, etc- que la autoconfiguración no obtiene.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">En IPv6 se sustituye la tarea de encontrar otros dispositivos en el local-link que hacía ARP, por <strong>Neighbor Discovery</strong>. De este proceso se encarga ICMPv6, y se realiza enviando un multicast a una dirección llamada <em>solicited node address</em>. Todos los host se unen a este grupo multicast cuando se conectan a la red. Cuando esta dirección es preguntada, el host correspondiente envia su dirección de capa de enlace.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="color:#0000ff;">IPv6 routing protocols</span></strong></p>
<ul style="text-align:justify;">
<li><strong>RIPng: </strong>es básicamente como RIPv2. Usa también multicast para enviar las actualizaciones, pero en este caso usa FF02::9, no la 224.0.0.9. La direfencia es que con RIPng, el router guarda la dirección del siguiente salto usando la dirección local-link, no la dirección global.</li>
<li><strong>EIGRPv6:</strong> también tiene la mayoría de características de EIGRP. Los paquetes hello y actualizaciones se envian por multicast FF02::A (antes 224.0.0.10).</li>
<li><strong>OSPFv3: </strong>a diferencia de la anterior versión donde la router ID se determinaba por la ip más grande, en la nueva versión, se asigna manualmente el RID, area ID, y link-state ID. La nueva versión también es capaz de enrutar prácticamente cualquier protocolo de red. OSPFv3 usa las direcciones FF02::5 y FF02::6 multicast para actualizaciones (antes 224.0.0.5 y 224.0.0.6).</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>Migrando a IPv6</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Existen varias estrategias para facilitar la migración a IPv6, ya que no se trata de una tarea fácil:</p>
<ul style="text-align:justify;">
<li><strong>Dual stacking: </strong>es la forma más común. Permite a nuestros dispositivos comunicarse tanto en IPv4 como en IPv6. De esta forma, podemos actualizar equipos y aplicaciones hasta que sea posible eliminar IPv4 cuando no sea necesario.</li>
<li><strong>6to4 tunneling: </strong>es posible tener subredes trabajando con IPv6, y que esas redes necesiten comunicarse unas con otras a traves de una WAN. La solución es crear un túnel que transporte el trafico IPv6 encapsulado a través de la red IPv4. Para ello es necesario dos routers <em>dual-stacked</em>.</li>
<li><strong>NAT-PT: </strong>IPv6 no implementa NAT. Pero existe una estrategia NAT-PT que en lugar de traducir  direcciones  privadas a globales, traduce entre IPv4 y IPv6.</li>
</ul>
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<title><![CDATA[CISCO EBOOK FREE Download in PDF-CHM]]></title>
<link>http://itebookfile.wordpress.com/?p=66</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 28 Sep 2008 02:47:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Wordpress Ebook</dc:creator>
<guid>http://itebookfile.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/28/cisco-ebook-free-download-in-pdf-chm/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Download EBOOK Free at www.eBooks-Space.com

Building Cisco Remote Access Networks
CCIP: MPLS Study ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Download EBOOK Free at <a href="http://www.ebooks-space.com/">www.eBooks-Space.com</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a class="link_text_underline" title="Ebooks Building Cisco Remote Access Networks" href="http://www.ebooks-space.com/ebook/736/Building-Cisco-Remote-Access-Networks.html" target="_blank">Building Cisco Remote Access Networks</a></li>
<li><a class="link_text_underline" title="MPLS Study Guide" href="http://www.ebooks-space.com/ebook/825/CCIP%3A-MPLS-Study-Guide.html" target="_blank">CCIP: MPLS Study Guide</a></li>
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]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[NetBSD ICMPv6 MLD query]]></title>
<link>http://blackhatkz.wordpress.com/?p=139</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 27 Sep 2008 19:15:24 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>d4bo0</dc:creator>
<guid>http://blackhatkz.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/28/netbsd-icmpv6-mld-query/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Уязвимые версии: NetBSD-current, NetBSD 4.0.
Тип уязвимости: Denial of se]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Уязвимые версии: NetBSD-current, NetBSD 4.0.<br />
Тип уязвимости: Denial of service</p>
<p>Неправильная реализация <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2710.html">RFC 2710 - Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6</a> запросов. Сформированный особым образом ICMPv6 пакет может привести к отказу в обслуживании. Эта уязвимость была возложена <a href="http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2008-2464">CVE-2008-2464</a>.<br></p>
<p>Ошибка возникает при обработке MLD пакет с определенными значениями в поле "Maximum Response Delay" ( максимальное время задержки ).<br></p>
<p>Хочу заметить что уязвимы ядры скомпилированные с опцией<br></p>
<blockquote><p>options INET6</p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p>Для того что бы обновить из CVS, пересобрать и переустановить ядро выполните следующие действия.:</p>
<p>        # cd src<br />
        # cvs update -d -P sys/netinet6/mld6.c<br />
        # ./build.sh kernel=KERNCONF<br />
        # mv /netbsd /netbsd.old<br />
        # cp sys/arch/ARCH/compile/obj/KERNCONF/netbsd /netbsd<br />
        # shutdown -r now</p></blockquote>
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<title><![CDATA[Tech boom means China will run out of IP addresses by 2011]]></title>
<link>http://webhosting999.wordpress.com/?p=8</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2008 23:48:40 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>sunguni</dc:creator>
<guid>http://webhosting999.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/26/tech-boom-means-china-will-run-out-of-ip-addresses-by-2011/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[In the West, we&#8217;re always told that we&#8217;re IPv6 laggards and that large parts of Asia are]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In the West, we're always told that we're IPv6 laggards and that large parts of Asia are already running the new protocol. But apparently, China has some work to do before the whole country is IPv6-ready, too. Li Kai, who is director in charge of the IP business for CNNIC, has told <a href="http://www.chinatechnews.com/2008/09/23/7595-cnnic-chinas-internet-will-be-short-of-ip-addresses-soon/">ChinaTechNews</a> that the current supply of IPv4 addresses will only last another 830 days. Furthermore, most network operators in China are only IPv4-capable—with the exception of educational networks. CNNIC is the China Internet Network Information Center, which handles the registration of .cn domains and also distributes IP addresses in China in cooperation with APNIC, the provider of address space in the Asia-Pacific region.</p>
<p>So apparently, China isn't much further along with IPv6 deployment than Europe and North America, where the research/educational community primarily has large IPv6 networks (for instance, <a href="http://ipv6.internet2.edu/">Internet2</a> and <a href="http://www.dante.net/upload/pdf/GEANT_IPv6_press_release_final.pdf">GÉANT</a>), while most of the commercial Internet is still hampered by the limited 32-bit address space of the original IPv4 protocol.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[ブラウザ(firefox・safari)の表示速度がとても遅い]]></title>
<link>http://sapo1000.wordpress.com/?p=152</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2008 04:29:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>sapo1000</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sapo1000.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/26/firefoxsafariipv6/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ここ数日、ブラウザの表示がメチャメチャ遅くなりました。
僕は今、macboo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>ここ数日、ブラウザの表示がメチャメチャ遅くなりました。</p>
<p>僕は今、macbookAirを自宅と会社で使ってるのですが、家でも速度がイマイチですが、会社でのスピードが半端なく遅いです。</p>
<p>会社にはデスクトップＰＣも使ってるのですが、それも以前に比べると遅くなりましたが、それでもmacbookairの遅さは尋常じゃありません。</p>
<p>でも、ネットのスピードテストサイトにつなげると、サイトの表示まで「<strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">アドレスを解決しています</span></strong>」って画面下のバーが延々表示されてやっとつながる状態です。</p>
<p>でも、つながったスピードテストサイトでスピードテストしたら３０M〜５０M位のスコアが出ます。</p>
<p>でも、なんでこんなに「<strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">アドレスを解決しています</span></strong>」って延々と表示されて遅いのでしょうか？</p>
<p>さて、色々検索して調べてみます</p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">ＴＣＰ/ＩＰのIPｖ６が邪魔してしまってる</span></strong>とか、色々ありましたが全部やってみても直りません。</p>
<p>ｍａｃのゴミ箱に３０００個ほどのゴミファイルがあってそれを削除したらいいのかなと、微かな希望で削除。</p>
<p>でも、表示は当たり前ですが遅いです。</p>
<p>こっから自力解決の時間スタートです。</p>
<p>色々ページを見て調べたなかでルータがどうのとか載ってたサイトがあったのを思い出し、ｍａｃの設定を色々みていきます。</p>
<p>まずは基本の<strong><span style="color:#000080;">システム環境からネットワークを開く</span></strong></p>
<p><a href="http://sapo1000.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/e38394e382afe38381e383a3-11.png"><img class="alignnone size-large wp-image-155" title="e38394e382afe38381e383a3-11" src="http://sapo1000.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/e38394e382afe38381e383a3-11.png?w=700" alt="" width="700" height="587" /></a></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#000080;">ネットワークで表示されるルーターのアドレスを確認後、「詳細」をクリック</span></strong></p>
<p><a href="http://sapo1000.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/e38394e382afe38381e383a3-22.png"><img class="alignnone size-large wp-image-161" title="e38394e382afe38381e383a3-22" src="http://sapo1000.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/e38394e382afe38381e383a3-22.png?w=700" alt="" width="700" height="581" /></a></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#000080;">「DNS」タブを表示</span></strong></p>
<p>するとさっき確認したルーターのアドレスの「<strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">192.168.0.1</span></strong>」だけでなく、「<strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">192.168.1.1</span></strong>」ってアドレスがあります。</p>
<p>これは何だ？</p>
<p>自宅と会社で使ってるからどっちかがどっちで、そっちかがどっちなのでしょうか？</p>
<p>一応さっきのルーターのところで表示されてた「<strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">192.168.0.1</span></strong>」を選択しようと思いました。</p>
<p>なので、「<strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">192.168.1.1</span></strong>」ってのを削除。</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#0000ee;"><a href="http://sapo1000.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/e38394e382afe38381e383a3-22.png"></a><a href="http://sapo1000.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/e38394e382afe38381e383a3-6.png"><img class="alignnone size-large wp-image-160" title="e38394e382afe38381e383a3-6" src="http://sapo1000.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/e38394e382afe38381e383a3-6.png?w=700" alt="" width="700" height="577" /></a></span></p>
<p>ついでに、</p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">「TCP/IP」ってタブのサブネットマスクのルーターを「切」に変更</span></strong>（これは関係ないかもしれませんがよくわからない）</p>
<p><a href="http://sapo1000.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/e38394e382afe38381e383a3-5.png"><img class="alignnone size-large wp-image-162" title="e38394e382afe38381e383a3-5" src="http://sapo1000.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/e38394e382afe38381e383a3-5.png?w=700" alt="" width="700" height="590" /></a></p>
<p>それでMACを再起動しました。</p>
<p>そうすると以前の爆速のsafariとfirefoxが復活しました。</p>
<p>どうも、おかしくなる直前に行った、FirefoxとMacOSのアップデートが何か関係していたのでしょうか？<br />
多分、<strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">ＴＣＰ/ＩＰのIPｖ６が邪魔してしまってる </span></strong><span style="color:#000000;">とかではなく、単に自宅と会社でルータの接続云々だけの話だったのかもしれません。</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;">（注）このブログ全般ももちろんですが、これは私のmacbookairで行った場合に直ったケースです。<br />
基本的に専門家ではないので同じように設定変更されて、障害が発生しても自己責任でお願いします。私もいつも直す時は自己責任と銘じてしておりますので。</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA["Parintele internetului": Se epuizeaza IP-urile]]></title>
<link>http://bataiosu.wordpress.com/?p=2944</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 25 Sep 2008 14:11:28 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>bătăiosu</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bataiosu.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/25/parintele-internetului-se-epuizeaza-ip-urile/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Adresele de internet, care permit identificarea si comunicarea intre calculatoare se vor epuiza pana]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="content_font_resizable" class="descriere_main"><strong>Adresele de internet, care permit identificarea si comunicarea intre calculatoare se vor epuiza pana in 2010, a avertizat "parintele" sistemului, Vincent Cerf.<br />
</strong><br />
Fiecare computer are un IP (Internet Protocol) unic, format din patru grupuri de cifre, pentru a se conecta la reteaua mondiala de internet. Acest numar permite comunicarea cu alte computere din intreaga lume, informeaza Daily Mail.<strong>Mai putin de 14 % din cele 4.2 miliarde de adrese furnizate la initierea internetului in 1977 mai sunt disponibile</strong>, a precizat Vint Cerf.</p>
<p>In momentul in care nu vor mai fi adrese utilizabile, conectivitatea la internet va fi afectata, deoarece noile computere care ar avea nevoie de adresa nu vor mai putea intra online.</p>
<p>"<strong>Procesul este asemanator lipsei unor numere de telefon. Fara a avea noi numere, nu poti avea noi abonati</strong>", a explicat Cerf.</p>
<p>Una dintre solutiile propuse pentru a iesi din acest impas este trecerea de la sistemul IPv4, care utilizeaza un grup de 4 cifre, la un nou sistem IPv6 cu 8 numere, care va pune la dispozitie 3 trilioane de adrese. Astfel, sansele de a intra intr-o nou criza de IP-uri sunt reduse.</p></div>
<p>Sursa: <a href="http://www.ziare.com/_Parintele_internetului___Se_epuizeaza_IP_urile-421150.html">Ziare.com</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Vint Cerf in London]]></title>
<link>http://tech1unch.wordpress.com/?p=174</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 25 Sep 2008 08:52:30 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>pdanderson</dc:creator>
<guid>http://techlun.ch/2008/09/25/vint-cerf-in-london/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Vint Cerf, often described as the ‘father’ of the Internet, was the keynote speaker at the Visio]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Vint Cerf, often described as the ‘father’ of the Internet, was the keynote speaker at the Visions of Computer Science conference, which I attended yesterday. Although he doesn’t like this moniker (it implies he did it single-handedly and he’s always keen to stress that he was part of a team) the reason for it is that he co-invented the basic protocol of the Net (TCP/IP) and was there in the early days of the ARPANET, the forerunner to today’s Internet. He is now employed as Google’s Chief Internet Evangelist.</p>
<p>Vint pointed out the enormous growth of the Internet, remarking that there are now half a million computer servers (i.e. hosts that provide some kind of service such as Web or email routing) on the system and a couple of billion ‘terminators’ at the ‘edge’ – the end user devices such as a home PC or a mobile phone.</p>
<p>This enormous growth presents huge challenges and he argued that the next few months are likely to be “dramatic” in the world of the Internet. He then went on to elaborate some of the issues that are coming to the fore, including the problem of network addressing.</p>
<p>Network addressing uses something called IPv4. This is the coded address that is given to every single device on the network (even your home PC). When he was helping to create the original designs for the Internet he designed this address to make use of 32-bits of data. This limits the number of devices that can be on the Net to around 4 billion (2 to the power 32). He admits that at the time he didn’t think that this would ever be reached, but we are fast approaching that limit. Vint speculated that we would hit the limit by mid-2010, if not before. The answer is a new addressing system called IPv6 which offers many billions more potential addresses. Internet Service Providers (ISP), network operates and the rest of us need to start moving to IPV6 and he mentioned Google’s efforts in this regard. (See ipv6.google.com).</p>
<p>During the questions and answers section I asked him about the capacity of the existing Internet to cope with heavy data uses like video. There have been many recent reports in the UK press about the Net being close to capacity. Vint agreed that this was an issue, but said he was not overly concerned. The main backbone of the Internet will be fine, since the fibre optics involved have plenty of spare capacity. The problem arises the nearer one gets to the end user (the last mile problem), which is where there may well be an issue. Vint argued that researchers and Internet companies need to rethink the process of distributing video over the Net and rely less on streaming and more on storage and caching locally nearer the actual users. He called this process ‘edge storage’. As I know that Google and Microsoft have been rolling plans out to distribute their data centres nearer to users, I suspect we will hear a lot more about this in coming months.</p>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[Getting TCP/IP Statistic through C#]]></title>
<link>http://towardsnext.wordpress.com/?p=89</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Sep 2008 07:39:45 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>A.Sethi</dc:creator>
<guid>http://towardsnext.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/23/getting-tcpip-statistic-through-c/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Getting the TCP/IP Statistic is very easy through C#. Since all the required methods and properties ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Getting the TCP/IP Statistic is very easy through C#. Since all the required methods and properties are there in framework. To get the TCP/IP Statistic we have to use the following nampespace<br />
</span></p>
<pre style="border:1px dashed #999999;overflow:auto;width:95%;color:#000000;line-height:14px;padding:5px;"><code><span style="font-size:14px;color:#0000ff;">using</span><span> System.Net.NetworkInformation;</span></code></pre>
<p><span style="font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Now to get the statistic we have to IPGlobalProperties class and extract the information out of it to our TCP/IP statistic object<br />
</span></p>
<pre style="border:1px dashed #999999;overflow:auto;width:95%;color:#000000;line-height:14px;padding:5px;"><code><span style="color:#008080;">IPGlobalProperties</span><span> properties = </span><span style="color:#008080;">IPGlobalProperties</span><span>.GetIPGlobalProperties();</span>
<span style="color:#008080;">TcpStatistics</span><span> tcpstat = </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">null</span><span>;</span></code></pre>
<p><span style="font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">now with following line you will get all the details for IPv4 </span></p>
<pre style="border:1px dashed #999999;overflow:auto;width:95%;color:#000000;line-height:14px;padding:5px;"><code><span>tcpstat = properties.GetTcpIPv4Statistics();</span> </code></pre>
<p><span style="font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">and to get the details of IPv6 you use following line<br />
</span></p>
<pre style="border:1px dashed #999999;overflow:auto;width:95%;color:#000000;line-height:14px;padding:5px;"><code><span>tcpstat = properties.GetTcpIPv6Statistics();</span> </code></pre>
<p><span style="font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">now we can get details from this object. Details like data sent, recieved, total connections and various other</span></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[IPv6-enabled blastwave mirror]]></title>
<link>http://automatthias.wordpress.com/?p=360</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 21 Sep 2008 21:10:09 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>automatthias</dc:creator>
<guid>http://automatthias.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/21/ipv6-enabled-blastwave-mirror/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[My home network has native IPv6 with radvd running on the router. Any host connected to it automatic]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My home network has native IPv6 with radvd running on the router. Any host connected to it automatically gets an IPv6 address. (Unless it's a Solaris zone, but that's another story.) For a reason I haven't worked out yet, all IPv4 traffic on my downlink seems to be throttled to 60kB/s. However, when downloading over IPv6, I'm easily getting 150kB/s or 200kB/s.</p>
<p>When setting up a Solaris 10 system (this time using kvm), I'm getting an IPv6 address straight away:</p>
<p><code>bash-3.00# ifconfig -a6<br />
lo0: flags=2002000849&#60;UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv6,VIRTUAL&#62; mtu 8252 index 1<br />
inet6 ::1/128<br />
rtls0: flags=2000841&#60;UP,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv6&#62; mtu 1500 index 2<br />
inet6 fe80::5053:ff:fe13:9457/10<br />
ether 52:53:0:13:94:57<br />
rtls0:1: flags=2080841&#60;UP,RUNNING,MULTICAST,ADDRCONF,IPv6&#62; mtu 1500 index 2<br />
inet6 2001:770:18d:0:5053:ff:fe13:9457/64</code></p>
<p><em>(the 'rtls0' interface is a name for a rtl8139 NIC)</em></p>
<p>I want to use an IPv6-enabled blastwave mirror! Such as ftp.heanet.ie.</p>
<p>You may want that too. Edit /etc/wgetrc in your Solaris system and add a line:</p>
<p><code>prefer-family = IPv6</code></p>
<p>...and...</p>
<p><code>bash-3.00# pkg-get -U<br />
WARNING: gpg not found<br />
Getting catalog...<br />
--20:58:52--  http://ftp.heanet.ie/pub/blastwave/unstable/i386/5.10/catalog<br />
=&#62; `catalog'<br />
Resolving ftp.heanet.ie... 2001:770:18:aa40::c101:c140, 193.1.193.64<br />
Connecting to ftp.heanet.ie&#124;2001:770:18:aa40::c101:c140&#124;:80... connected.<br />
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK<br />
Length: 357,696 (349K) [text/plain]</code></p>
<p><code>100%[==============&#62;] 357,696      452.07K/s</code></p>
<p><code>20:58:53 (451.18 KB/s) - `catalog' saved [357696/357696]</code></p>
<p>wget will now try to use IPv6 where available. When IPv6-enabled site is not there (no AAAA record, for instance), it will fall back to IPv4.</p>
<p>UPDATE: Putting network interface in a (VirtualBox 1.6.4) virtual machine into promiscuous mode does in fact make the interface accept icmp6.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[DHCP vs IPv6 address autoconfiguration]]></title>
<link>http://automatthias.wordpress.com/?p=355</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 20 Sep 2008 14:54:22 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>automatthias</dc:creator>
<guid>http://automatthias.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/20/dhcp-vs-ipv6-address-autoconfiguration/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I kept on having this irritating problem. I would create a simple Gentoo network configuration in /e]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I kept on having this irritating problem. I would create a simple Gentoo network configuration in /etc/conf.d/net using DHCP for IPv4 and intending to use IPv6 address autoconfiguration.</p>
<p><code>config_eth0=( "dhcp" )</code></p>
<p>Simple and nice. The DHCP part usually worked, but IPv6 autoconfiguration didn't. Guys on freenode's #ipv6 IRC channel said: it should Just Work™. But it doesn't! Well, sometimes it did. When I tried to debug it. But when I didn't try to run tcpdump, it could just sit there for hours and not get an address. Just as if my debugging influenced it.</p>
<p>Interestingly, when I switched to a static IPv4 configuration, IPv6 autoconfiguration would magically start working. I haven't worked out the root cause of this, but I've came up with a workaround. Well, the workaround ran into me so hard, it would be difficult not to notice. I wanted to set up VirtualBox bridged networking. When I configured it, my new bridge interface got an IPv6 address straight away, just as guys from #ipv6 would expect.</p>
<p>I've reproduced it on two machines. My working setup is the one from Gentoo's <a href="http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO:_VirtualBox">Virtual Box howto page</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[IPv6 the next generation IP]]></title>
<link>http://techfuel.wordpress.com/?p=42</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 19 Sep 2008 07:22:54 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Dhruv</dc:creator>
<guid>http://techfuel.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/19/ipv6-the-next-generation-ip/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ 
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a network layer for packet-switched internetworks. It is d]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> </p>
<p><strong><a href="http://techfuel.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/figure_6to42.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-48" title="figure_6to42" src="http://techfuel.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/figure_6to42.jpg?w=460" alt="" width="460" height="345" /></a>Internet Protocol version 6</strong> (<strong>IPv6</strong>) is a network layer for packet-switched internetworks. It is designated as the successor of IPv4, the current version of the Internet Protocol, for general use on the Internet.</p>
<p> The main change brought by IPv6 is a much larger address space that allows greater flexibility in assigning addresses. The extended address length eliminates the need to use network address translation to avoid address exhaustion, and also simplifies aspects of address assignment and renumbering when changing providers.</p>
<p> It is common to see examples that attempt to show that the IPv6 address space is extremely large. For example, IPv6 supports 2<sup>128</sup> (about 3.4×10<sup>38</sup>) addresses, or approximately 5×10<sup>28</sup>addresses for each of the roughly 6.5 billion (6.5×10<sup>9</sup>) people alive today.<sup>[1]</sup> In a different perspective, this is 2<sup>52</sup> addresses for every star in the known universe<sup>[2]</sup> – more than ten billion billion billion times as many addresses as IPv4 supported.</p>
<p> The large number of addresses allows a hierarchical allocation of addresses that may make routing and renumbering simpler. With IPv4, complex CIDR techniques were developed to make the best possible use of a restricted address space. Renumbering, when changing providers, can be a major effort with IPv4, as discussed in <span class="external">RFC 2071</span> and <span class="external">RFC 2072</span>. With IPv6, however, renumbering becomes largely automatic, because the host identifiers are decoupled from the network provider identifier. Separate address spaces exist for ISPs and for hosts, which are "inefficient" in address space bits but are extremely efficient for operational issues such as changing service providers.</p>
<p>The Windows vista is ready for IPv6. IPv6 addresses are normally written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, where each group is separated by a colon (:). For example, 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7334 is a valid IPv6 address.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[CISCO EBOOK FREE Download]]></title>
<link>http://programmingebook.wordpress.com/?p=11</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 2008 14:38:53 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>mongther4</dc:creator>
<guid>http://programmingebook.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/16/cisco-ebook-free-download/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Download EBOOK Free at www.eBooks-Space.com




Configuring IPv6 for Cisco IOS
ZIP eBook File ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Download EBOOK Free at <a href="http://www.eBooks-Space.com">www.eBooks-Space.com</a></p>
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<h2><a class="yellow_h2" href="http://www.ebooks-space.com/ebook/987/Configuring-IPv6-for-Cisco-IOS.html" target="_blank">Configuring IPv6 for Cisco IOS</a></h2>
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<p>Configuring IPv6 with Cisco IOS provides complete coverage of IPv6 strategies, configuration scenarios, and techniques to successfully deploy an IPv6 addressing and subnetting scheme on a network.</p>
<p>The book also covers such topics as:</p>
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<p>Identify, mitigate, and respond to network attacks</p>
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<h2><a class="yellow_h2" href="http://www.ebooks-space.com/ebook/894/CCNP-BCMSN-Official-Exam-Certification-Guide.html" target="_blank">CCNP BCMSN Official Exam Certification Guide</a></h2>
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<p>CCNP BCMSN Official Exam Certification Guide, Fourth Edition, follows a logical organization of the BCMSN exam objectives.</p>
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<p>Never has something cried out for a cookbook quite as much as Cisco's Internetwork Operating System (IOS).</p>
<p>IOS is powerful and flexible, but also confusing and daunting.</p>
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<p>CCIP: MPLS Study Guide: Exam 640-910 (Implementing Cisco MPLS)</p>
<p>Written by a Cisco internetworking expert who knows exactly what it takes to pass the test, this Study Guide provides:</p>
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<p>Citrix MetaFrame can deliver Windows-based applications to any user, anywhere regardless of network connection, LAN protocol, or client operating system.</p>
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<h2><a class="yellow_h2" href="http://www.ebooks-space.com/ebook/727/CCNP-Quick-Reference.html" target="_blank">CCNP Quick Reference</a></h2>
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<p>Complete coverage of all four CCNP exams:</p>
<p>* EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP<br />
* Optimizing routing<br />
* IP multicast<br />
* IPv6<br />
* VLAN implementation<br />
* Spanning Tree<br />
* InterVLAN routing<br />
* Layer 3 redundancy<br />
* Wireless LANs<br />
* VoIP in campus networks<br />
* Campus network security<br />
* Frame-mode MPLS<br />
* IPsec<br />
* Cisco device hardening<br />
* Cisco IOS® threat defenses<br />
* Cisco VoIP<br />
* QoS and AutoQoS<br />
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<h2><a class="yellow_h2" href="http://www.ebooks-space.com/ebook/604/Cisco%3A-A-Beginners-Guide-Fourth-Edition-Beginners-Guide.html" target="_blank">Cisco: A Beginners Guide Fourth Edition Beginners Guide</a></h2>
<p><a class="text_yello">ZIP eBook File </a><a class="text_blue"><em>"28.60 MB"</em> </a><a class="text_yello">, eBook Downloads [103]</a>   <!-- AddThis Button BEGIN --><a href="blank"></a><!-- AddThis Button END --></p>
<p>Get started using Cisco technologies quickly and easily</p>
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<h2><a class="yellow_h2" href="http://www.ebooks-space.com/ebook/567/Cisco-ASA%3A-All-in-One-Firewall-IPS-and-VPN-Adaptive-Security-Appliance.html" target="_blank">Cisco ASA: All-in-One Firewall IPS and VPN Adaptive Security Appliance</a></h2>
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<p>Cisco ASA : All-in-One Firewall, IPS, and VPN Adaptive Security Appliance is a practitioner guide to planning, deploying, and troubleshooting a comprehensive security plan with Cisco ASA.</p>
<p>The book provides valuable insight and deployment examples and demonstrates how adaptive identification and mitigation services on Cisco ASA provide a sophisticated security solution for both large and small ...<a class="text_yello">eBook Tags - </a><a class="text_blue" href="http://www.ebooks-space.com/ebook-tags/"></a></p>
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<h2><a class="yellow_h2" href="http://www.ebooks-space.com/ebook/501/CCNA-ICND-Official-Exam-Certification-Guide.html" target="_blank">CCNA ICND Official Exam Certification Guide</a></h2>
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<p>CCNA ICND2 Official Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition, is a best of breed Cisco® exam study guide that focuses specifically on the objectives for the CCNA® ICND2 exam.</p>
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<p>Senior instructor and best-selling author Wendell Odom shares preparation hints and test-taking tip ...<a class="text_yello">eBook Tags - </a><a class="text_blue" href="http://www.ebooks-space.com/ebook-tags/"></a></p>
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]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[ipV6]]></title>
<link>http://busn220.wordpress.com/?p=51</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2008 07:28:33 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>dave</dc:creator>
<guid>http://busn220.de.wordpress.com/2008/09/15/ipv6/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[As promised, here is some more info on the new IP numbering scheme coming out. Some interesting fact]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As promised, <a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&#38;source=web&#38;ct=res&#38;cd=3&#38;url=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.chron.com%2Ftechblog%2Farchives%2F2008%2F08%2Fipv4_vs_ipv6_when_a_billion_numbers_isnt_enou.html&#38;ei=zgvOSPLtH4mQtQPO38yIBw&#38;usg=AFQjCNEPL0HC6DtMhwiyMNn8ntTmRYAIJQ&#38;sig2=LngwO-QDjXbqoldmlGsA1Q" target="_blank">here</a> is some more info on the new IP numbering scheme coming out. Some interesting facts:</p>
<ul>
<li>there are 3.7 billion addresses available in IPv4. This is the one we discussed in class that uses the format 0-255.0-255.0-255.0-255.</li>
<li>approx 2.7 billion of these have been given out as of this year</li>
<li>the last billion will be used up in 2011</li>
<li>the new IPv6 will have over 340 undecillion addresses, which is, um, a lot.</li>
</ul>
]]></content:encoded>
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