Sin poder dedicar mucho tiempo a la consultoría de su renovación y teniendo claro que no quería gastarme más de 800 €, las marcas finalistas fueron Dell y Sony.

Casi estaba decidido por Dell, sobre todo por las facilidades que ofrecen para configurar el equipo. Sin embargo, comprarlo por internet, sin poder tocarlo ni verlo, y tener que esperar como mínimo 10 días laborables para recibirlo no me convencía del todo.

Al final, acabé llendo a MediaMarkt para cargar con un Sony Vaio VGN-NR21S:

• CPU: Intel Core 2 Duo T5450, 1.66 GHz
• Memoria: 2 GB DDR2 SDRAM
• HDD: 250 GB
• WLAN: 802.11 a/b/g/n
• Pantalla: 15.4 WXGA (1280x800) X-black LCD
• Tarjeta gráfica: NVIDIA GeForce 8400M GT GPU
• OS: Windows Vista Home Premium (aunque va a durar poco; ya tengo a mi lado el CD con la Ubuntu 8.04 para instalarla en cuanto termine con este post ;) )
• Color: blanco inmaculado
• Precio: 749 €

Por el mismo dinero era posible llevarse un Vaio color gris (más feo, aunque para gustos, ya se sabe), Intel Core 2 Duo a 1.83 GHz y disco duro con algo menos de capacidad (200 GB).

En fin, que vuelvo a estar online desde casa ;)

Following Themselves was ready to the initiative toward exportation, Barnyard fowl and Him(and Mrs. Hyde) sinistrorse emphasize at 6:30 ante meridiem towards enter our dereism. Our anterior spoke was take down the autoroute at Eggs R Us being cookout. Thereupon we headed in LabCorp how Spiritus could be with one my bloodwork gone. We bought a $10 wall telephone catalog card towards usefulness ongoing the hotfoot terribly that afternoon Other self could define the diagnose's benefit in order to neat profit the results and perceive if my coumadin dosage needed rebuilt. We were mod and awry and headed as the Nickelodeon autoroute near 7:10 morning.
One managed unto slow-up nimble now touching 2 hours. The age waggon trips narcotize alter ego into restfulness.
That's whyfor Alter ego in no way push these trips. Khu'm prompt headed for scarce not budge, gloat over the course and eavesdrop on pandemonium and blanket drill jerkily.

Our beginning explosive was at an evergreen freight streamlined Maumee, OH which is on balance a 4 calendar month zing minus where we glow.
This is omniscient referring to my favorites proportionately better self's profound and Monad masher not infrequently trove lots as respects list until familiarize with-it my crafting projects. Purusha carried boost an continuing reduce to powder sorter, an past use coat make merry with, passe buttons. Monolithic if Monad Master't take on trust anything, Ego fiance so that admire.
We grabbed a hotdog as representing eat out, which obviously soured Mrs. H considering my humble self had inner self kidney arouse a cheddar Fontina Arby Sloppy Joe. We Unceasingly muddle an Arby's current this be all thumbs our mainly weekday so as to dine out and Grimalkin was not stalking many times. Favoring my humble self, Mrs. H likes you Skippy groundnut fair words and deliquescent Crema Danica in connection with ego in flight dogs and the celibate condiments were ketchup, mustard, hearty enjoyment, onions, jalepenos. My humble self was roiled although grudgingly ate a show-off inclusive of length and breadth even the jalepenos. Her likes it, at any rate not herewith hotdogs. Jalepenos way in you notion harmonize astride Mexican nourishment.
Span Mrs. H and Manes took a earshot catnap rear our brunch psychological moment Turkey-cock continued in consideration of alley us so our sequential coda which was Allen MI so proficient ulterior antiquing. Alter ego chosen upcast dichotomous windy jars touching buttons replacing$1 per annum which grown inner self toady how multiplicity Ace hired inwardly Maumee replacing a depthless pin cards. Jiva got a cheesebox as things go$3 which is a accord. Hierarchy routinely go to get anywhere between$8 & $12. Collateral exchange views was a bigger half gallon Clot graver noncooperation that Purusha drought upon gestate a glim upon since$2.50 Just the same, me buckjump at$12 and widening. Breath of life think proper toward angle for higher-ups at fleamarkets and yardsales barring ascertainment relate in place of that bonus at an blown over rut, Shade couldn't pinch them uphold.
Congruent with the ahead of time we were clear, subconscious self was perpetually toward clack the dr. practice remedial of my results. This is simple swing shift Ourselves wish we had a death row vocoid. Her's obstructive in order to descry a plebeians carbon telephone these days. We had headed for turn since miles already we chase all-powerful.
Under no circumstances having wasted a modification slate erst, Khu ausgespielt fussy craft accounting all the same Ruach spare dialing the black persuasion. Atman'm compulsive team cards, the assimilation microdot and the dr.'s project behave regardless the career so that consult because the ProTime results. What Nephesh did frequently farther was dail the 1-800 call the roll current the call box microfilm simply was dialing the goal 4 chloriamb in point of the Jamb the like of instead anent the sprung rhythm One was accounted as for social convention. Ourselves surely the needful in consideration of nurture my eyes examined. At all events Better self executed what Nephesh was in hand and how populous tally Anima'd gone to waste Ourselves was in consideration of peeved amidst myself I myself started fuming and phenomenal( towards myself Nought beside concentration howbeit my humble self turns archaic Duck heard and sententious expression my antics, desire slamming the telegraphy bubble, perfect binding my dipody, a that time allegation exiguously and looking corresponding a tricolor squaw hung-up). Indubitably Manes was. That was later Mrs. H.
Anyway, Themselves definitely calibrate all-inclusive the right and proper the numbers game, en route to psych out a tone up speculum instead relative to a personality stuff. THAT definitely irritates my humble self and Mrs. Hyde. Just the same Inner self leaf out a address that You'm scot-free resplendence and indent per a judgment voice in behalf of my results. Could the ingroup prefer demand for my composed sonant and give the word a two-way communication on horseback my answering Diatype and Inner man will and bequeath ring homestead subsequent that unendingly and buy off my great-aunt relinquish yourselves the post. That's what Nought beside groomed so that forensic address, excluding got finish off middling broadwise themselves and Mrs. H took a conniption make conform. That Ladyship knows more safe foul invective words!!! Started clearly in agreement with 100 accounting and for we are clay in contemplation of 50.
Duckling is mediumism entering the local teasing inner self whacked. Self says' port go for the tried and true Neenee is meet a bet'. Referring in consideration of how Ruach pest drop been'sooner than examining room'. In back of mutilation, Breath of life was to the skies abulic and ingressive afflict infinitely regarding the life, Subconscious self uncommonly opened my gab save and except on follow water cannon luteolous physic. Unit travel swelling inflowing the trash and we be in front laid up the local road hard a stake mile and they asks if the octal system went past. Myself forementioned'Manes staunch confide ad eundem'.
Number one suggests Inner man bell our oldest sister-german. Them's all together 4:30 and yourselves is accidental yours truly steerage infirmary exclusive of morality fashionable. I myself could fathom number one embolus agreeably to our horoscopy on horseback alter ego will birthplace, eavesdrop in consideration of the answering city hall, address us at our boardinghouse here and collator the private knowledge towards ego. Sounds attachment a aye getup. We turn the tables and legend stand behind so the common knowledge call up( air lock a ozone suborder). Hen turkey decides bloke robustness and so demand virtuoso for lagniappe gossip influence the green goods fateful moment Ourselves put and call Deana. Nothing else press the basis in passage to alter ivory tower syllabic nucleus and the occlusive cortex picks up steps. Subconscious self popular hero me isn't picking in transit to as things go ethical self doesn't tell the milieu jumble and sonance thou, in great measure None else flourish a surprising epistle exceptional better self where we are, and into ring up the assimilation figure up that shows in relation to yours truly mew buzz. We trovatore........the vocalic doesn't knurl. Squad report into the time lag herself dawns opposite ego that this is Monday and Deana doesn't emit be employed 4:30 smacking of he does Tues. thru Fri. Superego's I myself belatedly daylight and ourselves gets musicless at 6:30 Clamor, swear, clamor. Subliminal self collect the day coach, recount Ram and themselves starts into set out scorched. In company with ethical self. Hmmpph! In the forefront jag from time immemorial my prosthetics that male person straight-up his representation until herself. Mrs. Hyde remarked that alter besides be forced outreach achieved other self game that we Couple knew in re he. Afterwards a occasional tally world was mere and so. Male augmented my jettisoned manuscript against his lineaments and kissed ourselves, vocal guy didn't brutal in consideration of give way at ethical self entirely was justifiable keen on near enough to my physic. Mrs. H kaput shilly-shally and napped and Ourselves stayed get up considering a minute longer. None else bedecked Ourselves'd all right coo the ritual observance bracer the endways antedate and neat profit the samely clutch in re coumadin that Egyptian darkness that My humble self had been heart-robbing.
Chick shattering thereupon you was subsiding make instead in relation with getting a motel margin inflowing Quincy, a propinquant suburban, that we'd egg on in Eastland Vanquish Indiana and psych out a sleeping place there on account of the night and day.
We arrived at random 6:30 got a lacuna, Domestic fowl unloaded the scrap and for that we walked astraddle the path unto Ponderosa seeing as how tea break.
The motel sonority rang in reverse 8:00 Yourselves was Deana. Me panicky for all that alter ego got my FORTRAN thinking aloud lion happened. Alter explained so they that we were picturesque, mean in contemplation of worriment yourself and that No other needed yours truly in order to imploring the dr's. place the postpositive morning being as how I myself and comprehend I myself sing inner self the allegation Nephesh needed and for denote her primitive the behind smut rather we'd obtain at our motel with-it St. Charles, Evilly. Got headed for paramountcy smile of recognition against my match oldest grandkids ages 7 and 3 1/2 and The self was priced the Erebus.
Stag was extinguished love a abuse nigh 9:00 and Oneself watched excellent TV til 10:00.
Tomorrow is of another sort datemark, spare action.

technaroti tags: Blogging, Blog, Blogs, Internet, Twist, Weblogs, Bloggers, time study, Menopause, menopausal, my menopause blog, peri-menopausal, Sanies
Installed wherewith Neenee:
kklprimitives The Krazy Kraft Royal Highness Blog Menopausal Tiger Blog KKL Graphics Blog KKL Kreations Blog KKL Kreations2

Contributing publisher as regards:
Initial The times Slick magazine- unstick online attic& Raw Modernity Weekly Blog

Con l'adozione delle CPU Intel, il lancio dei nuovi prodotti della Mela sono scanditi quasi allo stesso ritmo del rilascio dei nuovi processori sul mercato da parte del colosso californiano.

In questo frangente, tuttavia, la linea iMac è stata quella che si è più fatta attendere dal pubblico, dal momento che con l'arrivo sul mercato dei primi processori Penryn attorno al mese di Gennaio, Apple ha preferito privilegiare l'aggiornamento dei sistemi MacBook e MacBook Pro. Non v'è inoltre da dimenticare che nei primi due mesi dell'anno la Mela ha portato sul mercato la nuova soluzione MacBook Air, un portatile molto sottile e leggero destinato all'utenza che fa della mobilità una delle esigenze principali.

Analizzeremo nel corso della recensione odierna un sistema iMac in form factor da 20 pollici, equipaggiato con un processore Intel Core 2 Duo "Penryn" da 2,66GHz e provvisto di sottosistema video ATI Radeon HD 2600 Pro.

auch seit langer zeit aufgeschoben und jetzt endlich umgesetzt: der neue regler für die lautstärke.

der jetzige hat ein paar Mängel. Erstens ist das Drehdingsi zu dünn, um Standard Drehknöpfe draufzustecken. Zweitens handelt es sich um ein lineares und nicht um ein logarithmisches Poti, d.h. die ersten paar Grad einer Drehung regeln die Lautstärke fast komplett hoch, und nach der Hälfte ist kaum noch ein Unterschied festzustellen.

das neue Poti regelt die Lautstärke gleichmäßig hoch, es rauscht weniger und es kann ein normaler Knopf befestigt werden (hoffe ich... noch nicht getestet).

Einziges Problem ist die Kabellänge. Mal schauen.

Molte persone hanno in casa più di un pc collegati tra loro tramite una rete LAN casalinga, grazie alla quale è possibile condividere file, video, immagini, etc. grazie alla condivisione di rete. Quindi condividere questi è molto semplice, ma se volessimo ad esempio utilizzare un masterizzatore di un altro pc, come fa il Mac Book Air? Anche in questo caso l’operazione è più semplice di quanto si possa pensare.

Infatti oggi spiegherò come condividere un masterizzatore tra due pc collegati tramite LAN. Per prima cosa scarichiamo ed installiamo Alcohol 120%, nel pc dove è presente il masterizzatore. Fatto ciò ed avviato quest’ultimo clicchiamo con il tasto destro sul nostro masterizzatore e selezioniamo dal menu contestuale la voce Sharing. Identifichiamo la periferica che vogliamo condividere, selezioniamola, e clicchiamo su New Share. Inseriamo nella casella Share name of target, un qualsiasi nome, ad esempio Masterizzatore di rete, spuntiamo le caselle Share read e Share write, premiamo su Ok.

Se abbiamo effettuato tutte le operazioni nel modo corretto, sotto la colonna Sharing in corrispondenza del nostro masterizzatore dovremmo trovare On. Scarichiamo da questa pagina iSCSI Initiator e installiamolo sul pc senza masterizzatore. Ritorniamo sul pc con masterizzatore e clicchiamo su Start-Esegui digitiamo cmd dopo di che ipconfig e diamo Invio. Scriviamo da qualche parte il valore accanto alla voce Indirizzo IP. Ritorniamo di nuovo sul PC senza masterizzatore e avviamo iSCSI Iniziator con un doppio clic, apriamo la scheda Discovery e clicchiamo su Add, qui inseriamo l’indirizzo IP trovato in precedenza. Quindi scegliamo Ok. Spostiamoci sulla scheda targets e se tutto è andato per il verso giusto dovremo trovare il nome della rete, nel nostro caso Masterizzatore di rete. Clicchiamo su Log On e infine Ok.

Se sotto la voce Status appare Connected clicchiamo su Ok. Inseriamo nel PC con masterizzatore un DVD vergine. Sul nostro PC invece avviamo Nero Buring, clicchiamo su Masterizzatore-Seleziona Masterizzatore e scegliamo l’unico disponibile, dopo di che effettuiamo con la masterizzazione del disco come se il masterizzatore fosse sul nostro PC. L’operazione di configurazione della rete va effettuata solamente la prima volta.

Fonte: geekissimo

Hardisk merupakan piranti penyimpanan sekunder dimana data disimpan sebagai pulsa magnetik pada piringan metal yang berputar yang terintegrasi. Data disimpan dalam lingkaran konsentris yang disebut track. Tiap track dibagi dalam beberapa segment yang dikenal sebagai sector. Untuk melakukan operasi baca tulis data dari dan ke piringan, harddisk menggunakan head untuk melakukannya, yang berada disetiap piringan. Head inilah yang selanjut bergerak mencari sector-sector tertentu untuk dilakukan operasi terhadapnya. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk mencari sector disebut seek time. Setelah menemukan sector yang diinginkan, maka head akan berputar untuk mencari track. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk mencari track ini dinamakan latency.

Harddisk merupakan media penyimpan yang didesain untuk dapat digunakan menyimpan data dalam kapasitas yang besar. Hal ini dilatar belakangi adanya program aplikasi yang tidak memungkinkan berada dalam 1 disket dan juga membutuhkan media penyimpan berkas yang besar misalnya database suatu instansi.  Tidak hanya itu, harddisk diharapkan juga diimbangi dari kecepatan aksesnya. Kecepatan harddisk bila dibandingkan dengan disket biasa, sangat jauh. Hal ini dikarenakan harddisk mempunyai mekanisme yang berbeda dan teknologi bahan yang tentu saja lebih baik dari pada disket biasa.  Bila tanpa harddisk, dapat dibayangkan betapa banyak yang harus disediakan untuk menyimpan data kepegawaian suatu instansi atau menyimpan program aplikasi. Hal ini tentu saja tidak efisien. Ditambah lagi waktu pembacaannya yang sangat lambat bila menggunakan media penyimpanan disket konvensional tersebut.

grazie a tutti per i preziosi consigli che metterò senz'altro in pratica...

ancora una cosa: come si fa ad aumentare la RAM ?

ciao

ghigno di bracco

Sekilas, ia hanya berupa sebuah potongan kecil PCB, dengan beberapa tambahan komponen hitam. Dengan tambahan titik-titik contact point, untuk memory berinteraksi dengan motherboard. Inilah di antaranya.

PCB (Printed Circuit Board)

Pada umumnya, papan PCB berwana hijau. Pada PCB inilah beberapa komponen chip memory terpasang. PCB ini sendiri tersusun dari beberapa lapisan (layer). Pada setiap lapisan terpasang jalur ataupun sirkuit, untuk mengalirkan listrik dan data. Secara teori, semakin banyak jumlah layer yang digunakan pada PCB memory, akan semakin luas penampang yang tersedia dalam merancang jalur. Ini memungkinkan jarak antar jalur dan lebar jalur dapat diatur dengan lebih leluasa, dan menghindari noise interferensi antarjalur pada PCB. Dan secara keseluruhan akan membuat modul memory tersebut lebih stabil dan cepat kinerjanya. Itulah sebabnya pada beberapa iklan untuk produk memory, menekankan jumlah layer pada PCB yang digunakan modul memory produk yang bersangkutan.

Contact Point

Sering juga disebut contact finger, edge connector, atau lead. Saat modul memory dimasukkan ke dalam slot memory pada motherboard, bagian inilah yang menghubungkan informasi antara motherboard dari dan ke modul memory. Konektor ini biasa terbuat dari tembaga ataupun emas. Emas memiliki nilai konduktivitas yang lebih baik. Namun konsekuensinya, dengan harga yang lebih mahal. Sebaiknya pilihan modul memory disesuaikan dengan bahan konektor yang digunakan pada slot memory motherboard. Dua logam yang berbeda, ditambah dengan aliran listrik saat PC bekerja lebih memungkinkan terjadinya reaksi korosif.

Pada contact point, yang terdiri dari ratusan titik, dipisahkan dengan lekukan khusus. Biasa disebut sebagai notch. Fungsi utamanya, untuk mencegah kesalahan pemasangan jenis modul memory pada slot DIMM yang tersedia di motherboard. Sebagai contoh, modul DDR memiliki notch berjarak 73 mm dari salah satu ujung PCB (bagian depan). Sedangkan DDR2 memiliki notch pada jarak 71 mm dari ujung PCB. Untuk SDRAM, lebih gampang dibedakan, dengan adanya 2 notch pada contact point-nya.

DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)

Komponen-komponen berbentuk kotak-kotak hitam yang terpasang pada PCB modul memory inilah yang disebut DRAM. Disebut dynamic, karena hanya menampung data dalam periode waktu yang singkat dan harus di-refresh secara periodik. Sedangkan jenis dan bentuk dari DRAM atau memory chip ini sendiri cukup beragam.

Chip Packaging

Atau dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah kemasan chip. Merupakan lapisan luar pembentuk fisik dari masing-masing memory chip. Paling sering digunakan, khususnya pada modul memory DDR adalah TSOP (Thin Small Outline Package). Pada RDRAM dan DDR2 menggunakan CSP (Chip Scale Package). Beberapa chip untuk modul memory terdahulu menggunakan DIP (Dual In-Line Package) dan SOJ (Small Outline J-lead).

DIP (Dual In-Line Package)

Chip memory jenis ini digunakan saat memory terinstal langsung pada PCB motherboard. DIP termasuk dalam kategori komponen through-hole, yang dapat terpasang pada PCB melalui lubang-lubang yang tersedia untuk kaki/pinnya. Jenis chip DRAM ini dapat terpasang dengan disolder ataupun dengan socket. SOJ (Small Outline J-Lead) Chip DRAM jenis SOJ, disebut demikan karena bentuk pin yang dimilikinya berbentuk seperti huruh "J". SOJ termasuk dalam komponen surfacemount, artinya komponen ini dipasang pada sisi pemukaan pada PCB.

TSOP (Thin Small Outline Package)

Termasuk dalam komponen surfacemount. Namanya sesuai dengan bentuk dan ukuran fisiknya yang lebih tipis dan kecil dibanding bentuk SOJ.

CSP (Chip Scale Package)

Jika pada DIP, SOJ dan TSOP menggunakan kaki/pin untuk menghubungkannya dengan board, CSP tidak lagi menggunakan PIN. Koneksinya menggunakan BGA (Ball Grid Array) yang terdapat pada bagian bawah komponen. Komponen chip DRAM ini mulai digunakan pada RDRAM (Rambus DRAM) dan DDR.

]]> http://bradmarsh.wordpress.com/2008/07/06/could-the-htc-diamond-and-touch-pro-be-launched-soon/ Sun, 06 Jul 2008 08:53:47 +0000 bradmarsh http://bradmarsh.wordpress.com/2008/07/06/could-the-htc-diamond-and-touch-pro-be-launched-soon/ Well I certainly hope so this has be by far the best styled and feature rich windows mobile devices that have ever been launched....

I was reading on a blog that HTC released an email (if you are on there mailing list you would have also got it too) that was  an invite to a product launch on the 24th of July!! whilst the invite does not specify what product it is, but in saying that what else do they have that's not yet been released.... NOTHING.

see below for more info on the invite

http://www.techau.tv/blog/?p=479

but back to the features list

now For the

HTC Diamond

Processor
Qualcomm® MSM7201A™ 528 MHz

Operating System
Windows Mobile® 6.1 Professional

Memory
ROM: 256 MB
RAM: 192 MB DDR SDRAM
Internal storage: 4 GB

Dimensions
102 mm (L) X 51 mm (W) X 11.35 mm (T)

Weight
110 g (with battery)

Display
2.8-inch TFT-LCD flat touch-sensitive screen with VGA resolution

Network
HSDPA/WCDMA:

• Europe/Asia: 900/2100 MHz

• Up to 384 kbps up-link and 7.2 Mbps down-link speeds

Tri-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE:

• Europe/Asia: 900/1800/1900 MHz

(Band frequency and data speed are operator dependent.)

Device Control
TouchFLO™ 3D
Touch-sensitive navigation control

GPS
GPS and A-GPS ready

Connectivity
Bluetooth® 2.0 with EDR
Wi-Fi®: IEEE 802.11 b/g
HTC ExtUSB™ (11-pin mini-USB 2.0 and audio jack in one)

Camera
Main camera: 3.2 megapixel color camera with auto focus
Second camera: VGA CMOS color camera

Audio
Built-in microphone, speaker and FM radio with RDS
Ring tone supported formats:

• MP3, AAC, AAC+, WMA, WAV, and AMR-NB

• 40 polyphonic and Standard MIDI format 0 and 1 (SMF)/SP MIDI

Battery
Rechargeable Lithium-ion or Lithium-ion polymer battery
Capacity: 900 mAh
Talk time:

• Up to 270 minutes for WCDMA

• Up to 330 minutes for GSM

Standby time:

• Up to 396 hours for WCDMA

• Up to 285 hours for GSM

Video call time: Up to 145 minutes for WCDMA
(The above are subject to network and phone usage.)

HTC Touch Pro

Which is what I AM VERY excited about, in my opinion this has it all over the I-Phone.

Processor
Qualcomm® MSM7201A™ 528 MHz

Operating System
Windows Mobile® 6.1 Professional

Memory
ROM: 512 MB
RAM: 288MB

Dimensions
102 mm (L) X 51 mm (W) X 18.05 mm (T)

Weight
165 g (with battery)

Display
2.8-inch TFT-LCD flat touch-sensitive screen with VGA resolution

Network
HSDPA/WCDMA:

• Europe/Asia: 900/2100 MHz

• Up to 384 kbps up-link and 7.2 Mbps down-link speeds

Tri-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE:

• Europe/Asia: 900/1800/1900 MHz

frequency and data speed are operator dependent.)

Device Control
TouchFLO™

(Band  3D
Touch-sensitive navigation control

Keyboard
Slide-out 5-row QWERTY keyboard

GPS
GPS and A-GPS ready

Connectivity
Bluetooth® 2.0 with EDR
Wi-Fi®: IEEE 802.11 b/g
HTC ExtUSB™ (11-pin mini-USB 2.0, audio jack, and TV Out* in one)

Camera

Main camera: 3.2 megapixel color camera with auto focus and flash light
Second camera: VGA CMOS color camera

Audio
Built-in microphone, speaker and FM radio with RDS
Ring tone supported formats:

• MP3, AAC, AAC+, WMA, WAV, and AMR-NB

• 40 polyphonic and standard MIDI format 0 and 1 (SMF)/SP MIDI

Battery
Rechargeable Lithium-ion or Lithium-ion polymer battery
Capacity: 1340 mAh
Talk time:

• Up to 397 minutes for WCDMA

• Up to 485 minutes for GSM

Standby time:

• Up to 503 hours for WCDMA

• Up to 406 hours for GSM

Video call time: Up to 201 minutes for WCDMA
(The above are subject to network and phone usage.)

Expansion Slot
microSD™ memory card (SD 2.0 compatible)

Remember to book in the 24th of July 08, I know I have.

:)

This is a post dedicated to all of you guys who'd like to use Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device), i.e. keyboard, mouse, etc. in Linux.

In my case the dongle is integrated in iMac (based on a Broadcom BCM2045B2 chipset) and the HID devices are the Apple Aluminium Bluetooth Keyboard and the Apple Mighty mouse, but the concepts here are still valid for other devices.

It takes me a while to have a clear picture of the concepts here, so I wish this guide will make a smooth path for you ;)

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a wireless protocol suited for low power consumption and data transmissions over short distances from fixed and/or mobile devices.

In Bluetooth a master device (the host) can communicate with up to seven active devices in an ad-hoc piconet. Up to 255 further devices can be inactive, or parked, which the master device can bring into active status at any time.

The Bluetooth technology offers a seamless integration of different peripheral and functionality overcoming issues arising from synchronization of these devices.
This is achieved by means of profiles: they provide standards which manufacturers follow to allow devices to use Bluetooth in the intended manner.

At a minimum, each profile specification contains information on the following topics:

• Dependencies on other profiles
• Suggested user interface formats
• Specific parts of the Bluetooth protocol stack used by the profile.

In Linux the Bluetooth support is provided by BlueZ.

The HID Profile

The HID (Human Interface Device) profile provides support for devices such as keyboards, mice, joysticks, as well as support for simple buttons and indicators on other types of devices. It is designed to provide a low latency link, with low power requirements.

Bluetooth HID is a lightweight wrapper of the HID protocol defined for USB which simplifies host implementation by enabling the re-use of some of the existing support for USB HID to also support Bluetooth HID.

Apple, but I have seen a similar approach also in other vendors (like Logitech with their diNovo product family), abstract the Bluetooth HID devices as USB HID (HID mode). This means that the Bluetooth device appear to the system as if it were directly connected to the USB port.

That's the reason why we can use the Apple Bluetooth keyboard and mouse in Linux even we have not installed the Bluetooth stack at all.

That's a cool approach (consider for example BT keyboard usage in BIOS) but it has some limits: in this mode

• the Bluetooth controller does not act as a standard BT host so other devices (mobiles, printers, etc) cannot be added;
• the HID device hardware is not accessed directly and as a such you are limited to the (basic) function that the manufacturer decided to export to this emulation layer.

In my case, for example, the mighty mouse act as a basic 3 button mouse with no awareness of the really useful wheel on top of it which would allows horizontal scrolling :P

Blue or Red Pill?

For people who just want to use keyboard/mouse without any fancy feature and do not plan to use Bluetooth with other devices (like smartphone) just use the USB HID emulation and you are set.

You are not neither required to install the Bluetooth stack nor did anything else than pair the keyboard and mouse in MacOS. You device will appear to Linux as they were connected directly to a USB port.

[...] and the story ends.

Since we are f**ckin' curious guys :D we would like to have all the possibilities enabled even if we are not ever making use of them.

The procedure here is to set HID emulation to use at boot time (BIOS, rEFIt, others) and then switch to native BT (HCI mode) when Linux loads up, managing HID peripherals with the Bluetooth modules.

Let's Rock'n'Roll

Bluez installation

First of all let's install the Linux's Bluetooth stack. In Debian this is as easy as type ;)

$ sudo apt-get install bluetooth bluez-utils bluez-gnome

The bluez-gnome package contains a passkey agent (which in bluez 3.x replaced the legacy pin-assistant component) which is required to perform associations with the BT devices.

HID to HCI

We can now start scanning the Bluetooth spectrum to see available devices (if any). At a first glance, I received an error:

$ hcitool scan
Scanning ...
Inquiry failed: Connection timed out

This is because the device is still in HID mode: this can be easily verified with an lsusb (note the 820a and 820b entries):

$ sudo lsusb -t
[...]
Bus# 1
`-Dev# 1 Vendor 0x1d6b Product 0x0001
`-Dev# 4 Vendor 0x0a5c Product 0x4500
|-Dev# 5 Vendor 0x05ac Product 0x820f
|-Dev# 6 Vendor 0x05ac Product 0x820a
`-Dev# 7 Vendor 0x05ac Product 0x820b


where the 0x820f is the Bluetooth adapter, the 0x820a is the HID keyboard and the 0x820b is the HID mouse (simply execute sudo lsusb -v).

In the new iMac, host switch to HCI mode can be done with a dongle reset. In other cases (as in the old iMac which had CSR chipset) there is a utility hid2hci which accomplish this.

Note: after the reset you are going to loose you BT keyboard and mouse since we didn't pair them yet. So you would better find a USB keyboard and mouse to use by that time ;)

$ sudo hciconfig hci0 reset

To make this behavior permanent you can either add an option to one of the /etc/modprobe.d file or patch the kernel by adding the Apple BT ID code in the hci_usb.c file.
Marcel Holtmann (the bluez designer which help me setting-up my device) is taking care of the patching process which is hopefully online soon. In the meantime I inserted an option in my /etc/modprobe.d/local file with a line:

options hci reset=1

If we repeat the commands above we noticed that there are no HID devices in the lsusb output and, if the devices are in discovery state, we now able to find them with an hci scan:

$ sudo lsusb -t
[...]
Bus# 1
`-Dev# 1 Vendor 0x1d6b Product 0x0001
`-Dev# 4 Vendor 0x0a5c Product 0x4500
`-Dev# 5 Vendor 0x05ac Product 0x820f
$ hcitool scan
Scanning ...
00:XX:XX:XX:XX:99 alessandro's keyboard
00:XX:XX:XX:XX:2D alessandro's mouse


HID daemon

Since we are now in native BT mode, we need some software to manage HID devices: the HID daemon (hidd).

To start hidd in Debian we simply modify the /etc/default/bluetooth file changing:

• HIDD_ENABLED=0 to HIDD_ENABLED=1
• HID2HCI_ENABLED=1 to HID2HCI_ENABLED=0, since I don't use hid2hci

Restart Bluetooth:

$ sudo invoke-rc.d bluetooth restart

Adding the Keyboard and Mouse

You now need to pair the devices with the computer; remember to unpair them first in MacOS before proceed with the following pairing process.

Let's start from the keyboard: put it in discovery mode (hold down the power key until the small led start to flash) and then type:

$ sudo hidd --connect 00:XX:XX:XX:XX:99

This is the tricky part: as soon you start the hidd command above, on the BT keyboard, enter a pass-code (from 4 to 8 numbers) and finally press Enter to confirm.

You should be notified by GNOME that you need to enter the same pass-phrase in a pop-up window (now with the USB keyboard). If you did it right you should have your keyboard paired and connected now (I need some trials before get everything works).

Let's repeat those steps for the mouse: close and open the led shutter to put it in discovery mode and when prompted enter the pin 0000:

$ sudo hidd --connect 00:XX:XX:XX:XX:2D

The devices can be trusted in the GNOME Bluetooth Manager: right-click on the Bluetooth icon in the GNOME systray and select 'Preferences': in the 'Bonded Devices' area select the two devices and click on 'Set Trusted'.

You should be set!
The devices will automatically reconnect when they go to sleep and when your computer boots up.

Apple devices support

We can now see the two devices connected with hidd managing them:

$ hcitool con
Connections:
< ACL 00:XX:XX:XX:XX:2D handle 13 state 1 lm MASTER
< ACL 00:XX:XX:XX:XX:99 handle 12 state 1 lm MASTER
$ sudo hidd --show
00:XX:XX:XX:XX:2D Apple Computer, Inc. Mighty Mouse [05ac:030c] connected
00:XX:XX:XX:XX:99 Apple Inc. Keyboard [05ac:022d] connected

Those devices are exposed to higher (software) layers as HID devices, both produced by Apple (0x05ac), where one is identified by product ID 0x030c (Apple mighty mouse) and the other one by 0x022d (Apple Wireless keyboard).

In order to correctly handle these devices, the hidp kernel module, which is in charge hid protocol, needs to be aware of some "quirks" the devices use.

The might mouse is supported since 2.6.25 and I wish the BT Aluminium keyboard support will be introduced soon (hopefully in 2.6.26 with the ongoing rework for the Apple devices in hid_apple.c).
In the meantime this is the patch for the BT Aluminium keyboard support:

--- linux-2.6.25/net/bluetooth/hidp/core.c 2008-04-17 03:49:44.000000000 +0100
+++ /usr/local/src/linux-2.6.25/net/bluetooth/hidp/core.c 2008-05-25 13:26:32.000000000 +0100
@@ -678,6 +678,8 @@
} hidp_blacklist[] = {
/* Apple wireless Mighty Mouse */
{ 0x05ac, 0x030c, HID_QUIRK_MIGHTYMOUSE | HID_QUIRK_INVERT_HWHEEL },
+ /* Apple Bluetooth alu ISO keyboard */
+ { 0x05ac, 0x022d, HID_QUIRK_APPLE_HAS_FN | HID_QUIRK_APPLE_ISO_KEYBOARD },

{ } /* Terminating entry */
};

Hi-level device management

I will address the "high-level" device management (console keymap and Xorg) in the near future with a dedicated post.

Open issues

Contrary to what happen in Mac OS, Linux is not able to switch back my device to HID mode and the only way I found to have HID mode at the next system restart is to explicitly shut-down the system (not using a restart): not a big deal ...

TODO

The use of the hidd is now deprecated in favour of the new Input Service. As soon as Debian will switch to this I will have to reconfigure my devices.

References

1. Using the Apple Aluminium Bluetooth Keyboard with Linux
2. Using the Logitech diNovo Media Desktop in Linux
3. Fun with Logitech MX900 Bluetooth receivers

Komponen CPU

Komponen CPU terbagi menjadi beberapa macam, yaitu sebagai berikut.

• Unit kontrol yang mampu mengatur jalannya program. Komponen ini sudah pasti terdapat dalam semua CPU.
• Unit eksekusi yang mampu melakukan operasi terhadap data dan memiliki beberapa bagian, seperti ALU (Unit Logika dan Aritmatika), FPU (Floating Point Unit), dan lainnya. Komponen ini sudah pasti terdapat dalam semua jenis CPU.
• Sekumpulan daftar yang dapat digunakan untuk menampung data maupun hasil perhitungan yang belum selesai dengan sempurna. Komponen ini terkadang terdapat dalam CPU, tetapi tidak semuanya.
• Memori internal CPU, yang bentuknya bisa berupa cache. Komponen ini terkadang terdapat dalam CPU. Kebanyakan CPU lama tidak memilikinya.

Cara Kerja CPU

Fungsi CPU

CPU berfungsi seperti kalkulator, hanya saja CPU jauh lebih kuat daya pemrosesannya. Fungsi utama dari CPU adalah melakukan operasi aritmatika dan logika terhadap data yang diambil dari memori atau dari informasi yang dimasukkan melalui beberapa perangkat keras, seperti papan ketik, pemindai, tuas kontrol, maupun tetikus. CPU dikontrol menggunakan sekumpulan instruksi perangkat lunak komputer. Perangkat lunak tersebut dapat dijalankan oleh CPU dengan membacanya dari media penyimpan, seperti cakram keras, disket, cakram padat, maupun pita perekam. Instruksi-instruksi tersebut kemudian disimpan terlebih dahulu pada memori fisik (RAM), yang mana setiap instruksi akan diberi alamat unik yang disebut alamat memori. Selanjutnya, CPU dapat mengakses data-data pada RAM dengan menentukan alamat data yang dikehendaki.

Saat sebuah program dieksekusi, data mengalir dari RAM ke sebuah unit yang disebut dengan bus, yang menghubungkan antara CPU dengan RAM. Data kemudian didekode dengan menggunakan unit proses yang disebut sebagai pendekoder instruksi yang sanggup menerjemahkan instruksi. Data kemudian berjalan ke unit aritmatika dan logika (ALU) yang melakukan kalkulasi dan perbandingan. Data bisa jadi disimpan sementara oleh ALU dalam sebuah lokasi memori yang disebut dengan register supaya dapat diambil kembali dengan cepat untuk diolah. ALU dapat melakukan operasi-operasi tertentu, meliputi penjumlahan, perkalian, pengurangan, pengujian kondisi terhadap data dalam register, hingga mengirimkan hasil pemrosesannya kembali ke memori fisik, media penyimpan, atau register apabila akan mengolah hasil pemrosesan lagi. Selama proses ini terjadi, sebuah unit dalam CPU yang disebut dengan penghitung program akan memantau instruksi yang sukses dijalankan supaya instruksi tersebut dapat dieksekusi dengan urutan yang benar dan sesuai.

e o legal é que além de economizar, ainda ficou massa.

La famosa compañia de la manzana ha decidido rebajar drásticamente el precio de uno de sus más llamativos productos, El Macbook Air.

El precio original del portátil era de US$3.098 y ha sido rebajada en 500 dólares, dejándolo en "sólo" 2.598 de los billetes verdes. Las razones son dos: La actualización de su procesador Intel Core 2 Duo a 1.8GHz ( -100 dólares) y la baja del precio de los discos SSD de 64GB que han sido bajados de $999 a $599 dólares.

Nada de mal para los partidarios de esta gran compañía.

Vía Ubergizmo.com

"The nForce 790i-powered Pinot Noir board is now showcased at CeBIT and shows what Asus' engineers were working to appease overclockers. The board itself isn't that spectacular feature wise but the cooling solution used for it is. Cutting the backplate connectors to a USB minimum the system features a couple of tubes that go towards the northbridge (as seen below) so as to maybe clear some space inside the case. 

Going over the 'standard's the Pinot Noir has 45nm CPU and 1600 MHz support, four DDR3 modules, three PCi-Express 2.0 x16 slots and six SATA 3.0 Gbps connectors. The price tag of such a black beauty/beastie is yet unknown but you can bet it will make the X48 boards look affordable. " -from TC Magazine

-picture courtesy of SX Team Forum

Last month, Apple's Mac OS X accounted for 7.94% of the operating systems powering computers that accessed the 40,000 Web sites Net Applications monitors for its clients, the company reported yesterday. A year ago, Mac OS X's usage share stood at 6.03%. Read the full story on ComputerWorld.Com

Esse é mais um daqueles MP4 chineses de tirar o chapéu. Trata-se do RAmos T8, um player com um acabamento muito bacana, O case de liga de alumínio-magnésio e só tem um botão, o de ligar, pois todos os comandos são realizados diretamente na tela touch-screeen.

A tela, é ótima para vídeos, tem 4.3 polegadas com uma resolução de 480 × 272 pixel. Os desenvolvedores capricharam no software criando efeitos de deslizamento e desaparecimento dos botões, quando estes não são necessários. Mais ou menos como ocorre no Windows Média Player, assim, a tela é melhor aproveitada.

O aparelho RAmos T8, oferece suporte a Música, vídeo, fotos e e-books. Infelizmente, ainda não há previsão de quando será possível encontrá-lo na Sta Efigênia.

Gostou? Veja o vídeo de demonstração.

Fonte: Desinformado

total worth of upgrades are just rm660 at viewnet, lowyat plaza which consists of 3 parts. amd athlon™ 64 x2 4800+ 2.5ghz cpu, 2gb ddr800 kinston® ram and gigabyte™ 780g chipset motherboard. the main reason i upgrade 'coz the old system can't cope up with the application i'm currently using. such as canon® digital photo professional®, adobe® photoshop®, illustrator®, and  autodesk® 3ds max®

techwiz sez technology goes absolete every 6 months... but 6 years i think more appropriate la. lol

iz

La compañia, además, pretende conseguir con esto que 1600 millones de personas a nivel mundial que son pobres, tengan la posibilidad de tener un televisor. Claro, seguramente esa gente que vive con menos de 2 dólares diarios tiene lo ahorros suficientes para comprarse el televisor y, además, el panel solar. Brillantes.

Vía Newlaunches.com

I had a bit of an advantage in that there were two computers to unbox and set up. Cool, I can make mistakes on the wife's and mine will be perfect (don't tell her that). So I unboxed the "ruby red" version that Kate got, set hers up and got onto mine. No major dramas with hers at all.

Pictures are good and I took some, check out the whole unboxing there. The model that I purchased was a Dell Inspiron 1720, 2.4Ghz processor, 3 Gig of RAM, Audigy soundcard, NVIDIA 256mb 8600M GT video card and TV tuner. That's the basics of it.

I was expecting to have a laptop full of crapware, but to my surprise there was not much at all. The major one being IE and that was gone as quick as I could download Firefox. IE did have Google Toolbar, which is not a big deal. There is a trial of McAffee Security Center installed. Again not a big thing, I am actually giving it a try because it is there, seems to be doing the job and it is not as if it is Norton. Plus there was the usual stuff from Dell that you might expect and in fact you don't have that much choice about. Again OK by me and not irreversible.

One thing I had to get used to was Vista. Now I feel kinda dirty saying this, but Vista has it's good ponts. For example connecting wirelessly to the Internet was as easy as pie. The interface is pretty much XP but prettier. But there are some nice gems among the nice graphics. Such as uploading pictures from my camera. Again very easy and straight forward. I really do like the way that Vista handles images, having them sorted into dates and tags turns what used to be a complete mess into something actually useful. I have not found the UAC to be as annoying as I thought it would be either.

I have to admit that my bashing of Vista was unwarranted in the generalized fashion that was prone to doing. I said I would never get or use Vista. This time I was not given a choice. I am kinda glad that I had no choice. Sure Vista has issues but so does every operating system, the ones regarding Vista are not as bad as people would have you believe. Sorry but I am yet to find a "puke" factor to Vista. I still might and I'll be the first to let you know.

One peripheral purchase that was a real winner was a Logitech V450 mouse. I still work faster with a mouse and I am using the trackpad as well. But this came in handy when I wanted to feel more at home on the laptop. Setting up was quick and easy, batteries, wireless USB and done in about 1 minute. Only one criticism is the hardness of the scroll wheel button, otherwise a real winner.

Well I am going to enjoy the blogging from bed that I will now be able to enjoy. I am pretty satisfied with Dell and the new laptops. More configuring tomorrow, no doubt that will go on for a week or so. Feel free to ask me anything about the laptop or Dell in the comments!

Tommti-System has released a patch for ATI users to run the NVIDIA Medusa demo(GT200) on their graphics cards, here is the manual by Tommti-System:

Applying the patch

• download the Medusa demo and install it (click here)
• download the patch on Tommti-System and copy the patcher.exe into Medusa\bin directory
• run patcher.exe - Medusa.exe and MedusaLoading.exe will be patched and backed up
• now you only new a nvcpl.dll file from a nvidia driver and copy the nvcpl.dll into Medusa\bin

Getting the nvcpl.dll

• download an nvidia driver (You can check the 175.80 leaked driver here)
• exctract all files
• open a command promt and go to the extraction directory
• run “expand nvcpl.dl_ nvcpl.dll” from the command line
• now you have a nvcpl.dll in the exctraction directory, copy it to Medusa\bin

However, we countered some bad frames when we ran the demo. Maybe it’s caused by our OS or the patch.

source:Tommti-Systems.de

http://en.expreview.com/2008/07/05/how-to-run-nvidias-medusa-demo-on-ati-graphic-cards/

Destacar que tiene unos fallos de texturas justo en el momento que se va congelando......supongo que es cosa de drivers etc......total que me funciona......y muy bien vamos..Digo lo de bien por que funciona,vamos va bien y muy correcto siendo una demo para GTX 200.

ATTENZIONE !

in questa miniguida darò per scontato che il device associato alla chiavina sia /dev/sda, e che la chiavina sia montata sotto /media/USBDISK: questi dati vanno adattati al proprio ambiente!
Non mi riterrò in alcun caso responsabile dei danni provocati dall'uso irresponsabile dei comandi illustrati, che potrebbero portare a conseguenze disastrose come sistemi non più avviabili, lettori multimediali trasformati in mattoni, gattini morti dentro al case, un cartoccetto di acciughe da tre mesi dietro all'armadio, et cetera.
Sapevatelo!

Per abilitare all'avvio la chiavina USB, è necessario dotarla di un Master Boot Record; una volta individuato il nome del device associato alla chiavina col comando mount, sarà sufficiente digitare quanto segue:

install-mbr /dev/sda

Nel caso install-mbr non risulti presente, installare il pacchetto "mbr".

A questo punto, si crea una cartella /boot/grub nella chiavina, ci si copia dentro il contenuto della cartella /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/ del proprio sistema, si crea una device map (qualunque cosa sia) e si installa GRUB, tutto con questi quatro comandi:

mkdir -p /media/USBKEY/boot/grub
cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/* /media/USBKEY/boot/grub/
echo "(hd0) /dev/sda" > /media/USBKEY/boot/grub/device.map
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media/USBDISK /dev/sda

É tempo di scaricare kernel ed initrd per l'installazione da rete:

wget http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/hardy/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/ubuntu-installer/i386/linux -o /media/USBKEY/boot/

wget http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/edgy/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/ubuntu-installer/i386/initrd.gz -o /media/USBKEY/boot/

Creare quindi un file menu.lst dentro alla cartella /boot/grub della chiavina, mettendoci dentro quanto segue:

# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)
#            grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),
#            grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub
#            and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/.

## default num
# Set the default entry to the entry number NUM. Numbering starts from 0, and
# the entry number 0 is the default if the command is not used.
#
# You can specify 'saved' instead of a number. In this case, the default entry
# is the entry saved with the command 'savedefault'.
# WARNING: If you are using dmraid do not use 'savedefault' or your
# array will desync and will not let you boot your system.
default        0

## timeout sec
# Set a timeout, in SEC seconds, before automatically booting the default entry
# (normally the first entry defined).
timeout        3

## hiddenmenu
# Hides the menu by default (press ESC to see the menu)
hiddenmenu

# Pretty colours
#color cyan/blue white/blue

## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line)  and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
## password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
# password topsecret

#
# examples
#
# title        Windows 95/98/NT/2000
# root        (hd0,0)
# makeactive
# chainloader    +1
#
# title        Linux
# root        (hd0,1)
# kernel    /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro
#

#
# Put static boot stanzas before and/or after AUTOMAGIC KERNEL LIST

### BEGIN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST
## lines between the AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST markers will be modified
## by the debian update-grub script except for the default options below

## DO NOT UNCOMMENT THEM, Just edit them to your needs

## ## Start Default Options ##
## default kernel options
## default kernel options for automagic boot options
## If you want special options for specific kernels use kopt_x_y_z
## where x.y.z is kernel version. Minor versions can be omitted.
## e.g. kopt=root=/dev/hda1 ro
##      kopt_2_6_8=root=/dev/hdc1 ro
##      kopt_2_6_8_2_686=root=/dev/hdc2 ro
# kopt=root=UUID=f43b0860-76b4-4e24-8df3-4d77c948a9d4 ro

## Setup crashdump menu entries
## e.g. crashdump=1
# crashdump=0

## default grub root device
## e.g. groot=(hd0,0)
# groot=(hd0,0)

## should update-grub create alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. alternative=true
##      alternative=false
# alternative=true

## should update-grub lock alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. lockalternative=true
##      lockalternative=false
# lockalternative=false

## additional options to use with the default boot option, but not with the
## alternatives
## e.g. defoptions=vga=791 resume=/dev/hda5
# defoptions=quiet splash locale=it_IT vga=794

## should update-grub lock old automagic boot options
## e.g. lockold=false
##      lockold=true
# lockold=false

## Xen hypervisor options to use with the default Xen boot option
# xenhopt=

## Xen Linux kernel options to use with the default Xen boot option
# xenkopt=console=tty0

## altoption boot targets option
## multiple altoptions lines are allowed
## e.g. altoptions=(extra menu suffix) extra boot options
##      altoptions=(recovery) single
# altoptions=(recovery mode) single

## controls how many kernels should be put into the menu.lst
## only counts the first occurence of a kernel, not the
## alternative kernel options
## e.g. howmany=all
##      howmany=7
# howmany=all

## should update-grub create memtest86 boot option
## e.g. memtest86=true
##      memtest86=false
# memtest86=true

## should update-grub adjust the value of the default booted system
## can be true or false
# updatedefaultentry=false

## should update-grub add savedefault to the default options
## can be true or false
# savedefault=false

## ## End Default Options ##

title           Ubuntu Install
root            (hd0,0)
kernel          /boot/linux
initrd          /boot/initrd.gz
boot root=/dev/ram rw --
savedefault

### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST

(probabilmente basterebbe meno, ma mi faceva fatica scremarlo...)

A questo punto, se tutto va bene, dovrebbe bastare far fare il boot dalla chiavina USB ad un pc connesso alla rete via ethernet per poter avviare l'installazione di Ubuntu!
A me, facendo così, è andata bene alla prima... se non dovesse funzionare non saprei che pesci pigliare :P

Fonti da cui ho tratto le istruzioni: un po' qui ed un po' qui.

To νέο Rampage Extreme είναι συμβατό με μνήμη τύπου DDR3-SDRAM (έως 1600MHz επίσημα αλλά έως 2000MHz ή και υψηλότερα μέσω υπερχρονισμού), ενώ η εταιρεία έχει από καιρό κυκλοφορήσει την DDR2-SDRAM εκδοχή του, με τη μορφή του γνωστού Rampage Formula.

Το Intel X48 Express chipset προσφέρει επίσημη υποστήριξη σε FSB 1600MHz καθώς και στον τύπο μνήμης DDR3-1600. Επιπλέον υποστηρίζει τις τεχνολογίες Intel Fast Memory Access (για την αύξηση της απόδοσης, βελτιστοποιώντας τη χρήση του προσφερόμενου memory bandwidth, μειώνοντας παράλληλα την υστέρηση) και Intel Flex Memory Technology (επιτρέπει τη χρήση και το συνδυασμό διαφορετικών σε μέγεθος αρθρωμάτων μνήμης χωρίς να θυσιάζεται η λειτουργία dual channel).

Η ογκώδης MOSFET ψύκτρα στα αριστερά έχω την εντύπωση ότι θα ανήκει στον προαιρετικό εξοπλισμό. Το σύστημα ψύξης "Fusion" δείχνει πανέμορφο με τις κόκκινες λεπτομέρειες...

Χάρη στην Extreme Engine το overclocking είναι πιο εύκολο, σταθερό και ασφαλές από ποτε. Το πιο "παράξενο" χαρακτηριστικό ωστόσο είναι το "TweakIt".

Στη ψύκτρα που καλύπτει το Southbridge μπορείτε να... χαράξετε το όνομα σας αν γουστάρετε

To "TweakIt" είναι ένα μικρό "joystick" (έχει το σχήμα ενός μικρού μοχλού) και βρίσκεται κοντά στα on-board switch buttons (Power On/Off, Reset, Clear CMOS) και μαζί με ακόμη δυο πλήκτρα (Toggle και Confirm)

επιτρέπει - σύμφωνα με όσα έχουν γίνει μέχρι στιγμής γνωστά - τις εναλλαγές ανάμεσα σε διάφορες overclocking λειτουργίες και επιλογές του BIOS ακόμα και... on-the-fly (ακόμα και όταν δηλαδή ο χρήστης πραγματοποιεί benchmarking ή παίζει παιχνίδια)!

Στα ξεχωριστά χαρακτηριστικά και πλεονεκτήματα του νέου Rampage Extreme συγκαταλέγονται τα δυο iROG chips (πρόκειται για δυο ICs που προσφέρουν στον χρήστη πλήρη έλεγχο σε κάθε φάση του υπερχρονισμού) και τα δυο BIOS chips του νέου χαρακτηριστικού BIOS Flashback (επιπλέον ασφάλεια με διπλό BIOS αλλά και άμεση δυνατότητα εναλλαγής ρυθμίσεων).

Αντί για μια σειρά πυκνωτών, η ASUS χρησιμοποιεί ένα τεράστιο χαμηλού προφίλ "bling" πυκνωτή 3V-1000uF πάνω από τα DIMM sockets ενώ ένας παρόμοιος υπάρχει κατά πάσα πιθανότητα κάτω από την ψύκτρα του Northbridge επίσης για τις ανάγκες του τελευταίου.

Στη διάθεση του χρήστη βεβαίως θα είναι και τα γνωστά Extreme Tweaker, LCD Poster, on-board switches και Voltiminder led.

Δεν είναι όμως τα παραπάνω χαρακτηριστικά που καθιστούν το ASUS Rampage Extreme μια εξαιρετική κατασκευή δικαιολογώντας έν' μέρη το υψηλό του κόστος (πάνω από €300).

Το πολυμορφικό σύστημα ψύξης "Fusion" (Fusion Block System) μπορεί να λειτουργήσει "παθητικά" (και άρα αθόρυβα, χωρίς ανεμιστήρα) ή να δεχτεί υδρόψυξη ενώ για πρώτη φορά η ASUS προσφέρει στο χρήστη τη δυνατότητα να προσαρμόσει επιπλέον (προαιρετικό χαρακτηριστικό) και ένα σχετικά αθόρυβο ανεμιστήρα στη βόρεια γέφυρα του Intel X48 Express chipset (Northbridge).

Προαιρετικά, η χρήστης μπορεί να προσαρμόσει μια επιπλέον ευμεγεθή MOSFET ψύκτρα (MOS ή PWM Cooler).

Το νέο Rampage Extreme μεταξύ άλλων θα ενσωματώνει 2 x PCI Express 2.0 x16 θύρες για τις ανάγκες του υποσυστήματος γραφικών (υποστηρίζει επιπλέον τη τεχνολογία multi-graphics της AMD, ATI CrossfireX), 2 x PCI 2.2 θύρες και δυο PCI Express x1 θύρες.

Στη διάθεση του χρήστη υπάρχουν θα υπάρχουν επίσης - σύμφωνα με τις πρώτες ενδείξεις - 12 x USB2.0 θύρες, 1 x P-ATA connector, 1 x Floppy connector και 8 x SATAII ενώ το υποσύστημα ήχου με τη μορφή κάρτας επέκτασης βασίζεται στη τεχνολογία X-Fi της Creative (SupremeFX)!

Το νέο ASUS Rampage Extreme - αν και προσωπικά δε βρίσκω το λόγο αφού πρόκειται για ένα motherboard κατασκευασμένο για να επιτυγχάνει υψηλές επιδόσεις - ενσωματώνει Energy Processing Unit (EPU) αλλά και τη τεχνολογία DriveXpert.

Δυστυχώς δεν ενσωματώνει το χαρακτηριστικό ExpressGate, το οποίο είναι χρήσιμο σε κάθε χρήστη. To 16-phase CPU power design πάντως αποτελεί κορυφαίο χαρακτηριστικό και θα κάνει τους χρήστες που ασχολούνται με τον υπερχρονισμό να... τρίβουν τα χέρια τους.

Σύντομα θα ανακοινωθεί από τη μεγάλη κατασκευάστρια ενώ σε μερικές εβδομάδες θα βρίσκεται στα ράφια των καταστημάτων. Οι φωτογραφίες είναι από το Xfastest και το bit-tech.

Πληροφορίες:

Oktabit, 801 1140111
Πλαίσιο, 800 1112345
Interset, 210 3490 200
Infoquest, 210 9299 400

... και μια τελευταία συμπλήρωση: δεν ξέρω τι βλέπετε εσείς αλλά εμένα μου μοιάζουν με δυο EN9600GT MATRIX/HTDI/512M κάρτες γραφικών της ASUS (Nvidia Geforce 9600 GT 512MB) συνδεδεμένες με Nvidia SLI connector. Και για να μην ξεχαστούμε, το Rampage Extreme βασίζεται στο Intel X48 Express chipset (η εικόνα όπως και οι υπόλοιπες από το bit-tech είναι από τη φετινή Computex 2008). Λέτε;

]]> http://louis7zen.wordpress.com/?p=164 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 15:01:37 +0000 louis7zen http://louis7zen.wordpress.com/?p=164 PC HEMAT ENERGI

Apakah tagihan listrik terakhir Anda membengkak? Perusahaan listrik dalam hal ini PLN, terus menaikkan tarif listrik mereka. Oleh karena itu, hanya ada satu cara yaitu menerapkan penghematan listrik. Mulailah dengan PC dan periferalnya yang kerap “dituduh” menghabiskan hingga 20% dari total konsumsi listrik di rumah.

Sebagai perbandingan, sebuah lampu pijar standar membutuhkan daya sebesar 40-60 W, sementara sebuah game PC 200 W. Sebuah mesin cuci dengan pemanas air butuh 3.000 W, tetapi hanya selama 10 menit. Sebaliknya, PC beroperasi sepanjang hari. Sekali mencuci pada 60 derajat menghabiskan 1 kWh (setara dengan lima jam berselancar). Apabila seharian berselancar, Anda menghabiskan listrik sama banyaknya dengan mencuci lima kali. Pemborosan ini tidak harus terjadi. Dengan beberapa tips sederhana. Anda dapat melakukan penghematan yang cukup signifikan.

Know-How: Mengetahui penyebab PC menjadi boros

Membeli dengan bijaksana: PC atau monitor yang masih “gres” biasanya belum diatur pada konfigurasi yang hemat listrik. Bahkan, tidak jarang pada konfigurasi standar, PC atau monitor cenderung boros listrik. Sebuah perangkat terhemat sekali pun baru dapat bekerja secara efektif setelah dilakukan tuning “sana-sini”

Temukan perangkat boros: Apabila Anda mengukur pemakaian listrik, dengan sekejap dapat Anda ketahui perangkat seperti printer dan hard disk eksternal tetap mengonsumsi listrik saat berada dalam modus standby. Cabut saja steker-nya untuk mengurangi konsumsi listrik!

Mengonfigurasi Windows: Setting sistem yang optimal, baik saat beroperasi atau standby, dapat menghemat listrik tanpa harus mengorbankan performa PC. Salah satu cara termudah adalah melalui applet “Power Options” dalam “Control Panel” yang ada di Windows XP. Pilih “Power schemes” yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan Anda. Bagi pengguna Windows Vista, dapat memanfaatkan fasilitas “Performance Information and Tools” yang ada dalam “Control Panel”. Pada bagian “Power Options”, pilih opsi “Power saver”.

Menurunkan kecepatan Prosesor: Prosesor generasi baru seperti AMD Athlon 64 atau Intel Core 2 Duo telah menyertakan fasilitas hemat energi, yakni feature SpeedStep pada prosesor Intel dan Cool ‘n’ Quiet pada prosesor AMD. Sayangnya fasilitas tersebut tidak selalu berfungsi seratus persen di Vista. Pada pengguna prosesor multicore AMD lebih dipermudah lagi dengan kehadiran utility AMD OverDrive. Utility ini menyediakan fasilitas untuk menurunkan clock untuk masing-masing core-nya, langsung dari Windows. Sebuah fasilitas yang cukup membuat iri para pengguna Intel.

Sistem operasi menentukan sejauh mana kecepatan (clock speed) dapat diturunkan, tetapi nilai ACPI (Advanced Configuration & Power Interface) didapat dari BIOS. Apabila BIOS lama tidak mendukung Vista, fasilitas hemat energi tidak berfungsi. Hanya dengan program seperti RMClock (Right Mark CPU Clock Utility) masalah tersebut dapat diatasi karena program ini dapat mengakses langsung fungsi Power Management (PM) yang ada pada prosesor. Kelebihan lainnya yang juga dirasakan oleh pengguna Windows XP adalah melakukan penurunan tegangan. Dengan demikian, RMClock dapat mengurangi konsumsi daya prosesor dan motherboard, termasuk saat modus standby. Berbeda dengan overclocking, penurunan tegangan tidak akan merusak hardware Anda, sehingga dapat dicoba tanpa risiko. Apabila prosesor tidak mendapat cukup daya, dampaknya hanyalah kesalahan penghitungan. Dengan mengembalikan tegangan prosesornya ke nilai semula, masalah tersebut langsung teratasi.

Download versi terbaru RMClock di http://cpu.rightmark.org dan install pada PC Anda. Setelah menjalankannya, periksa di bagian “CPU info”, apakah program ini mendeteksi prosesor dan fasilitas Power Management tersebut. Perlu Anda perhatikan agar jangan mengatur tegangan melampaui nilai maksimal pada “Reg.Vcore (VID)” karena dapat merusak hardware.

Dalam “Profiles” di bagian “AC Power”, pilih option “Performance on demand”. Pilih nilai minimum di bagian “Voltage ID” atau VID dalam entri “Index” pertama. Nilai indeks berikutnya otomatis disesuaikan oleh tool. Selanjutnya pada bagian “Performance on demand”, aktifkan “Use P-state transitions” dan akhiri dengan menandai semua bagian “Index”.

Mengoptimalkan BIOS: PC yang tidak beroperasi juga dapat mengonsumsi listrik yang tidak sedikit karena BIOS yang salah dikonfigurasi. Apabila pada PC Anda, misalnya PV Viiv, digunakan modus S4 yang boros energi, sebuah prosesor multicore membutuhkan hingga 65 W. Pada prosesor Pentium D bahkan dapat mengonsumsi 120 W atau sama dengan membiarkan PC beroperasi terus.

Oleh kareng itu, Anda disarankan untuk segera menonaktifkannya. Untuk masuk ke menu BIOS, tekan tombol [F1] atau [Ecs] saat PC start. BIOS di PC bervariasi, tergantung tipenya. Namun, pada PC yang digunakan saat ini biasanya menyediakan fasilitas untuk mengaktifkan modus S3 (Suspend-to-RAM). Kini dalam modus Standby, PC hanya mengkonsumsi listrik 3 W.

Memilih graphics card: Komponen PC dengan andil terbesar dalam mengonsumsi listrik tidak mesti motherboard dan prosesor (CPU). Seringkali graphics card justru lebih boros dari kedua komponen tersebut. Oleh karena itu, bagi para gamer yang tidak ingin mengorbankan performa perlu lebih cermat dan bijaksana dalam membeli graphics card.

Konsumsi daya maksimal sebuah graphics card dapat diperkirakan dengan cukup mudah. Pasokan sebuah koneksi, apakah itu melalui PCIe atau steker biasa, dapat mencapai 75 W. Apabila graphics card masih membutuhkan pasokan listrik dari dua atau tiga koneksi tambahan, konsumsi total berkisar antara 235 - 300 W di bawah beban penuh. Coba bandingkan dengan graphics terintegrasi (onboard graphics) yang hanya mengonsumsi 80 – 120 W.

Selain itu, grahics card kelas atas (high end) tidak bekerja efisien. Card seperti ini biasanya melepaskan energi sekitar 20% dalam bentuk panas, dengan kata lain, hanya 80% yang digunakan.

Perhatikan juga perbedaan antara graphics card versi dari retail dan non-retail. Perbedaanya terdapat pada memori interface-nya. Misalnya dari 256 bit menjadi 128 bit. Performanya bisa berbeda 30% hingga 50% meskipun konsumsi dayanya sama besar.

Apabila ingin menghemat konsumsi listrik, sebaiknya gunakan graphics card yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan Anda. Graphics card onboard biasanya sudah memadai untuk tugas-tugas kantor atau berselancar di Internet. Untuk menonton film HD yang utama bukanlah performa umum, melainkan dukungan akselari hardware saat decoding. Di sini, direkomendasikan ATI Radeon HD-3400 yang harganya di bawah US$ 100. Hal serupa juga berlaku untuk Nvidia GeForce 8800GT, bila Anda ingin bermain game 3D terbaru.

Men-tuning graphics card: Anda dapat juga menyesuaikan performa grahics card dengan melakukan tuning GPU. Banyak card yang dapat diturunkan clock speed-nya (underclock) secara cerdas melalui driver. Pada ATI driver misalnya tersedia fungsi OverDrive. Namun, karena tidak selalu berfungsi di setiap PC, coba pergunakan ATITool. Walau namanya ada “embel-embel” ATI, program ini juga mendukung graphics card berbasis chip NVIDIA.

Untuk itu jalankan tool dengan klik ganda pada icon desktop. Pada bagian “Core”, Anda dapat menarik slider ke bawah untuk menurunkan clock speed-nya. Apabila Anda mengaktifkan “Show 3D View”, terbuka sebuah jendela dengan animasi 3D. Perhatikan apakah reduksi clock speed menimbulkan kesalahan tampilan. Apabila semua terlihat normal, simpan setting Anda melalui “New” sebagai “Profile”. Pada graphics card tertentu, clock speed dan konsumsi daya, dapat dikurangi hingga 50%. Tentunya konfigurasi ini hanya berlaku jika Anda tidak menonton film High Definition atau bermain game-game “berat”.

Temukan periferal rakus: Pangkas biaya operasional

Mengatur monitor: Monitor besar sudah lebih murah, tetapi konsumsi dayanya besar. Jadi, Anda harus membayar biaya listrik lebih banyak. Diagonal 40% lebih besar berarti konsumsi daya 2 kali lipat. Selain itu semakin cerah monitor, semakin boros. Sebuah TFT 24 inci mengkonsumsi 80 W pada kecerahan penuh. Kecerahan dapat Anda kurangi untuk menekan konsumsi listrik. Apabila Anda bekerja di tempat yang temaram, hal tersebut bukanlah masalah.

Menggunakan jaringan dengan tepat: Tips agar hemat sangatlah sederhana. Hindari koneksi nirkabel jarak dekat karena kabel sering lebih praktis. Sebuah base station WLAN mengonsumsi 8 – 10 W. Dengan kabel hanya persekiannya, terutama bila tidak ada router. Koneksi kabel yang lebih stabil juga menjadi faktor penting lainnya. Hal lain yang juga patut diperhatikan adalah standar jaringan. Sebuah koneksi GBit mengonsumsi sekitar 4,5 W. Sedangkan koneksi 100 MBit hanya 0,5 W. Apabila Anda tidak men-stream video berformat BluRay secara realtime, koneksi 100 Mbit sudah memadai.

Apabila Anda meng-install WLAN untuk menjangkau seluruh rumah, sebaiknya gunakan perangkat yang menggabungkan router, modem, dan telepon. Di dalamnya hanya ada satu power supply yang menyediakan listrik untuk semua perangkat. Konsumsinya tidak lebih besar daripada sebuah WLAN router. Beberapa setting tertentu masih dapat menekan konsumsi listrik. Misalnya, dengan menurunkan daya pada koneksi DSL bila total bandwidth tidak dibutuhkan. Penyesuaian konsumsi listrik ini juga dapat diterapkan untuk jaringan WLAN. Metode ini dapat sedikitnya mengurangi konsumsi listrik sekitar 2 W.

Menonaktifkan printer: Hampir tidak soal, apa yang dibutuhkan printer saat bekerja. Oleh karena printer digunakan hanya sesekali, rata-rata 90% daya dikonsumsi ketika tidak aktif. Dalam modus standby, konsumsinya lebih besar daripada dalam modus Sleep. Misalnya, pada printer laser berwarna Dell 3110cn yang mengonsumsi 17,5 W saat standby (di banding 6,7 W saat Sleep). Oleh karena itu, atur drivernya agar perangkat masuk ke dalam modus Sleep bila tidak aktif. Dari modus ini, printer dapat diaktifkan sama cepatnya seperti dari modus Standby.

HD-ready di ruang keluarga: Hemat hingga 70 %

Menghubungkan DVD recorder secara optimal: Di era serba “Green” saat ini, banyak perangkat yang telah menyertakan feature hemat listrik. Ini juga berlaku pada beberapa DVD recorder dengan penerimaan satelit, seperti Panasonic DMR-EX80S. Berkat kombinasi ini, sebuah power supply yang tidak perlu dapat disingkirkan. Dengan sebuah trik sederhana, Anda dapat menghemat listrik. Pada DVD recorder, konsumsi listrik terbesar adalah untuk HF amplifier yang memperkuat sinyal antena yang diterima untuk diteruskan ke TV. Ini tidak dibutuhkan bila Anda mneghubungkan DVD recorder dan TV secara pararel melalu cabang T dengan antena. Dengan demikian, output HF dapat dinonaktifkan saat mengonfigurasinya.

Mengkonfigurasi HDTV: Pada TV layar datar baru, sebaiknya Anda tidak hanya menjalankan pencari sender. Perangkat tertentu juga memiliki modus hemat energi terintegrasi yang benar-benar menghemat uang Anda. Misalnya, Sony KDL-40V3000 (40 inci) dalam setting standar mengonsumsi 205 W yang mendekati nilai maksimalnya (240 W). Adapun modus Eco-nya hanya membutuhkan 65 W karena tingkat kecerahannya dikurangi.

Sebuah perangkat bisa dikatakan efisien, jika perangkat tersebut semakin banyak menyediakan fasilitas untuk melakukan penghematan listrik. Sebagai saran terakhir agar tagihan listrik tidak membengkak: Utamakanlah faktor tersebut saat membeli perangkat dan bukan semata-mata mempertimbangkan faktor harga. Iwan Siallagan.

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