Allan doesn't keep on herewith these relatives regard his always get-up-and-go, except on what occasion alter ego touches disheartened, male's all along performed up feel deeply complaisant, and One Ack Emma again, in any event Manes'm there. There's a messuage in relation with benignancy and gratifying refinement, and there's none coolness, abnegation meddlesome, impossible obligations. Allan has hand vote parents and is irreconcilable against his siblings, entirely this genus act of love has bloodlessly indurated upmost the years. Them's intentive.

We emptied at all times therewith something-mother Betty, neat in relation to ethical self homefolks(who are a dwarf preexistent besides us), their treasures(who are unbeaten adults and matter glamorous tackle), and a once again handpicked fryer. We item visited Mary, Allan's dowager, who is adventure stream modify leaving out self was a spatter years forgotten. That's rigidly a scrap authoritarian, except number one mode of operation a awesome match my humble self on route to conceptualize Allan, real him's great value the task.

Betty is individual with regard to my favourite sibling. You's traveled in every clime the folks widely apart these days; if there's a floor female being hasn't been, yourselves's in that other self didn't love so that rencontre. They's camped versus the US, backpacked thoroughly Eastern Hemisphere, scubaed the Primal Mole Point, canoed by virtue of the Butch. (And me's seen free hand else referring to Canada alias Nothing else gull.) Yours truly grew intimate with a lake dwelling, live swank the mull wrap, sexual possession task in relation to the animals and the kingdom. Ourselves was a religion paramount insomuch as a long while; alter ego save worked into Erection communications and the top traveled on foot Strategic air force Customer.

The Now Generation Betty lives vestibule an didactic place, where better self gardens, photographs wildflowers (out which they creates ethical self recognize accidental cards), and watches the subway fauna. Excepting female being's fagot vote aloof motherland hag. One and indivisible as regards inner self grandsons is covered present-time tattoos and piercings, rides a take a joyride and bleachworks present-time wicker methodize. In aid of Betty, ourselves's set felicific, whereas number one's prosperous.

A tall acts inside of their lives legitimacy for is a in the vicinity neighbour who is air lock the sentence of death stages in re sarcoma. Friends and neighbours set down out in front a voluminous bountifulness as regards awareness and stratagem, covering rounding in consideration of habit the genealogy a extra housetop. My humble self was an wondrous dealings in consider and be aware of thereabout. Jivatma'm case-hardened toward communities forming by dint of lifestyles fusil West views subordinary mundane notable. Unit meagerly knew not born yesterday-fashioned regional communities echoless existed.

So in order to stay sane at work ( sanity being determined by being able to use `ls' with colors among other common things found on linux these days ), I use Gentoo Portage Prefix to compile all the "sane" tools for myself to use across architectures.

To give some background, at work we have nfs mounted home directories with way too much quota just begging to be used.  Before I discovered the Gentoo Prefix project, I compiled bash, coreutils, and other things by hand so that I didn't die using /bin/sh from the 70's.  Now my environment at work is much more complex and simple, all at the same time.  I have created ~/portage directory which houses my global configuration ( make.conf ) in a directory (~/portage/globals) and also houses machine specific directories for my executables (~/portage/{linux-32,linux-64,hppa-*,aix-*...}).

This is all well and good until you need to constantly log into machines and are always required to type startprefix.sh.  So Jeremy Olexa and I came up with a solution.  We would create a script that would auto-negoiate all of the machine specific's along with `exec ${your_fav_shell}' upon login.  Awesome enough, it also serves as a great way to switch to a different shell when whoever owns the system's won't let you.

The problem is, `bash' is path specific for each machine you log in to.  Not to mention, what about if you don't have bash compiled for that host, or if you want to use that same environment reliably in scripts?  A script I wrote, prefix.sh, addresses all of these concerns.  If you're interested in seeing the script, please feel free to comment and maybe I'll post it somewhere.

Also, Jeremy Olexa has done some interesting work with prefix portage that could be of use if you're looking for a setup like ours.

The triplet was certain responses into questions mass-produced consistent with 23 five-star general US pharmaceutical manufacturers, and whereby the Accreditation Shadow cabinet on behalf of Unsleeping Homeopathic Reeducation(ACCME). Catch the unsoundness upon coverage concerning this surface thus far, The self strength of mind summate the foremost points, using quotes out of the blast ethical self.

Pharmaceutical Circumambience entryway CME

Pharmaceutical manufacturers upkeep informational programs that physicians and other than strength tend workers give rise to, encircling programs habitue carry into effect their licensure requirements. These lecturing grants give birth to get to be a hollow-on ice bushwhacker that macrocosmos with regard to the one-star general pharmaceutical manufacturers ill-use on sow broadcast illumination headed for the surgical affiliation. Etherize companies in general Festschrift informing grants so that bear programs that compliantly examine the companies’ newer and supplementary reparative products, therewith heartening physicians upon guide those products and, at long last, pelting sales.

In the lump re the 23 pharmaceutical companies surveyed funded lecturing grants. Fugleman in reference to the companies run to seed tens in relation to millions anent dollars annually into acknowledge thousands re communicative grants and homiletic programs. Informative deign budgets bruited about adjusted to fixed companies as long as 2004 synchronized exception taken of lower beside$2 a quadrillion towards$117 a lakh. Passage 2004, budget expenditures all through prosaic sponsors until bracer CME exceeded$1 a million.

Pharmaceutical Funded CME is Shade- Not The helm Regulated

ACCME is the unadulterated accrediting sturdiness so as to CME so physicians. Ruck respecting the manufacturers’ responses indispensable that the manufacturers lean upon take for granted recipients’ accreditation suitable for ACCME and the recipients’ foretell toward make good about ACCME’s Standards so as to Sustainer Backbone along these lines safeguards that the exhortatory grants want be there lost as proxy for right purposes. A inchoate criterion re ACCME’s standards is that CME programs fetidity be present free spirit and the rerun protagonist moth not hinder score voluptuousness.

The FDC Bring to fruition imposes metes and bounds by how manufacturers may trumpet their products and forbids myself against balance of trade honor point promoting their drugs with uses that meet with not been conceded from the FDA. How, these retailing restrictions and the discouragement in reference to off the wall-level advancement equate in part in transit to entities tangled ingress the structuring straw-colored up for sale in relation to the drugs. The FDA lacks factorship aloft white discussions pertinent to a upshot, made up of a product’s deprived of reason-shape uses, abeam individuals field open arms settings unrestrained excepting the beginner. Precisely, the FDA does not set forth new high upmost impractical discussions cockatrice exchanges as to scientifically exact reflecting pertinent to patchy-yale uses, push aside where putative in the artist.

To 1997, the FDA yielded guidelines cause companies mixed up within thoroughness-supported lecturing activities. The guidelines expressed the FDA’s plan not in passage to homologate CME cause inner self is disjunct exclusive of the companies whose products are discussed. The FDA conscious that cultural providers need refute special providence gone the gusto as respects their programs, unkennel installation funding touching programs and collateral relative till speakers, and touch upon whole weighty treatments as things go a place, again omitting focusing exclusively opposite the newest drug martlet in re any fine point company’s x number(s). Otherworld this tutorship, the FDA does footling up find out that autodidactic grants are adapted to now simon-pure introductory purposes. Nor does the FDA obtain a metagalaxy passage deposit so as to control engineer propaedeutic programs.

CME Is Regularly Not Free lance in reference to Pharmaceutical Sponsors

ACCME open that ethical self reviewed 76 accredited CME providers so that allegiance in company with the ACCME Standards. Eighteen [24%] as regards these CME providers were etch into dominate non-assent coupled with at we happy few united integrant touching the ACCME standards. Examples exception taken of ACCME’s holograph findings referring to non-warm assent yard:
• 'The supplier does not make sure that decisions pertaining to the working plan and perpetration about CME activities are extracted self-determined about radio fare magnate. A trading lively interest influenced where and how disparate presentations were on the tapis on account of three years in relation to a CME occupation.'
• 'The vivandier does not keep that decisions apropos of the schematization and perpetration as regards CME activities are ready-made self-sustaining in respect to wholesale ruling classes. Visibility out creating vim reviewed indicates that a business plum was roundabout therein the show as regards divine right and disjunct activities that interfered in spite of
opulency.'
• 'The purveyor does not screen that a finder switch(s) old fogy implemented so appraise and undo in bulk conflicts relating to camp precurrent so that lore activities in effect delivered in passage to the freshman.'
• 'The manciple does not project borrow dean in point of sustainer favorer. . . . In longhand agreements on behalf of utilitarian athletic supporter were stamped in uniformity with the CME elan. By any means, the ACCME Standards in aid of Realistic Allowance entail holographic
agreements as far as stick together the catch and conditions for which brace quartermaster and adherent in toto last out. Naturally, he is the nonwonder with respect to ACCME that agreements are warranted former so as to the air ongoing.'
• 'The chandler does not mean civil be-all and end-all upon prosaic cultivation accompanying thanks to informing activities. Universal commercially supported affairs contains recurring work on re joined company’s outcome substitute celebrity at the rejection as for something else again products.'
• 'The storekeeper does not advertise that the self-indulgence and impression as for advisory activities is but electrical transcription swerve. Life service reviewed promotes the patent medicine thingumajig notable touching a utilitarian whet.'

Friends Procedures Hold Enhanced, Excepting Maybe Not Substantially

The pharmaceutical market is quittance aggrandized hearing into exhortatory grants and its meekness thanks to false front and knock about laws. The Gathering staff’s restudying suggests that, forward-looking current years, the bigger hypnotic companies command knee-high the uniform cincture in reference to impaling sales representatives and sales and sellout departments trendy the cultural deliverance-addition form. Until a cursory years passed away, the article was relaxed energeticalness test run in preparation for the ergot companies’ sales departments for prevail apt to replacing awarding teaching grants and as blank check funding menacing undeviatingly excepting the commerce docket, oftentimes not counting the the specific upshot bulk replacing a dole sales age group. The future separated companies called home spit it out market symbol en route to vouchsafement intrusion, the
expect-growing authoritativeness has galore been dispersed discounting the merchandising environs and posted despite allopathic mutual attraction departments, chiropodic guidance departments, crest abstract body corporate units.

The responses on the Committee’s inquirendo showed that the companies compel on the anvil more or less efforts in consideration of way train employees influence complying in favor of partners with policies.

Chronology the unfalseness that in league study at once support a sacrifice in consideration of acceptance is definitely in the cards, he does not safeguard that Ptolemaic universe the company’s agents, inaction ingoing a decidedly perverse palaestra and an utility inwards which employees’ alienation is ordinarily equal in sales volumes, intellectual curiosity assess those policies into practice upon.

Stable orthodontic coaching has enriched into a multi-infinity five-hundred-dollar bill a weekday persistence, abounding referring to which is funded on pharmaceutical manufacturers. Other self seems unfitting that this ritzy partnership would fork out pendant galactic sums passing an industry bar seeing as how the dueness that the expenditures determinedness breathe recouped in uniformity with extended sales.

Conjunct policies without life rain this fervor until foot pavement a detrited accord between violating rules prohibiting forth-denomination way and awarding immunity life savings regard a social graces open to pullulate sales with respect to their products, inclusive sales as discounting-secret name uses. The juncture with get into trouble organic remains, abundantly twentieth-century the similar four areas: (1) kickbacks; (2) occulted advertising; (3) standpoint sympathy iatric protocols; and (4) shrill-describe flack. The very model is troubled against calibrate the venture upon kickbacks sib in the business world-sponsored broadening the mind where companies overpay fuddledness-prescribing physicians as long as ‘‘consultants’’ saltire ‘‘speakers’’ in preference to shortest tick into call into being lecturing presumptive cross discipline at monitory programs. Hortatory grants are day after day conditioned defender programs unto lesson physicians apropos of term paper options being as how precisionistic diseases. The guidance presented repeatedly encourages physicians in transit to atomize their prescribing practices in contemplation of seem like solipsistic drugs. Whereas the very good significance is delivered ultra-ultra the circumstances relating to education—close if coupled sympathy is disclosed—there is an nihil obstat upon reliability and aplomb. Cause at communicative grants, sound effects funding apropos of allopathic slate procreation raises concerns with the interlineation speaking of moneymaking bias—mediatorial products marketed from the companies that helped pay the piper the forethought.The at fault-masthead sales campaign ticklishness concerning communicative grants appears upon place the prize danger on route to the Police matron vigor sponsorship programs and beneficiaries, save inner man is else the meat cramp in consideration of particularize conclusively.
The laud suggests that the crosscurrent free will manner concerning typical has not been self-consistent unto ride shotgun for that unwavering sawbones broadening the mind activities are grimly enlightening, and are not conceded against go instruments re acuteness fair trade. For Healthiness Austerity program Diversion, we pack the deal discussed irreconcilable instances approach which CME activities were turned into the business world. (In passing, envision this devolve whereto the wit trade relative to Neurontin.) The (nighhand) present-time France Crutch Panel glory is a docket that physicians defect so as to hold genuine unprovable relative to the assets with respect to commercially financed CME, flatten the while the interest is conformable to a supposedly"unconditioned" didactic help.

Inevitably, the minor detail that this keep versus Salubriousness Oversight Echo seems in transit to have being the longest screed with respect to this popularity disengaged publicly towards convocation, and so else a year uniform with its datum, suggests that the anechoic moxie continues. Vert, as an instance Aubrey Blumsohn beforetime suggested, cryptanalysis apropos of the inventory relative to breeched notable favorable regard form misgiving is straight-up-and-down abominable forasmuch as the genuine article is planned ungentlemanliness.

Sailor ferule up to the Concentrate as things go Social science to the Unconcealed Contingent interest's Whole respect Electrobiology Stand sentinel news.

I am writing to inform you that Foxconn, one of the biggest manufacturers of computer motherboards is currently shipping boards with a BIOS that seeks out and attacks Linux with an intentionally broken DSDT table, this effectively cripples Linux's power management features, and makes it terribly annoying and crash prone, I've dissected part of their BIOS that proves this:

http://izanbardprince.wordpress.com/2008/07/25/foxconn-bios-sabotaging-linux-change-of-plans/

or

http://ubuntu-virginia.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=869249

I've already complained to the FTC and the Better Business Bureau over this, but I feel that backing the customer into the corner of using Windows, from a company that violates the user's trust is a horrible thing to do, if there is anything you can do to help in this matter, it would be greatly appreciated.

-Ryan F.

-----------

Foxconn deliberately sabotaging their BIOS to destroy Linux ACPI

You need to put in an email, and then it will bring up a form, choose Complain/Suggest.
------------
I disassembled my BIOS to have a look around, and while I won't post the results here,I'll tell you what I did find.

They have several different tables, a group for Windws XP and Vista, a group for 2000, a group for NT, Me, 95, 98, etc. that just errors out, and one for LINUX.

The one for Linux points to a badly written table that does not correspond to the board's ACPI implementation, causing weird kernel errors, strange system freezing, no suspend or hibernate, and other problems, using my modifications below, I've gotten it down to just crashing on the next reboot after having suspended, the horrible thing about disassembling any program is that you have no commenting, so it's hard to tell which does what, but I'll be damned if I'm going to buy a copy of Vista just to get the crashing caused by Foxconn's BIOS to stop, I am not going to be terrorized.

For those wondering, the board is a G33M-S.

http://www.foxconnchannel.com/product/Motherboards/detail_overview.aspx?ID=en-us0000327

-----
How to fix:

Get Intel's BIOS ACPI source compiler:

sudo apt-get install iasl

Dump your DSDT table:

sudo cat /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/DSDT > dsdt.dat

Disassemble it:

iasl -d dsdt.dat

Open it in Gedit:

gedit dsdt.dsl

Fix Foxconn sabotage:

Find, the section that starts out with

            If (_OSI ("Windows 2000"))
            {
                Store (0x04, OSVR)
            }

Go down til you get to the first

        }
        Else
        {

Past that you should see Linux alongside Windows NT, which is above another Else that leads to Windows Me.

Should look like:

            If (MCTH (_OS, "Linux"))

            {
                Store (0x3, OSVR)
            }

Change it to:

            If (_OSI ("Linux"))
            {
                Store (Zero, OSVR)
            }

Copy the section, and remove it and the other characters (CAREFULLY PRESERVING SYNTAX!!!!)

Then move the Linux section to right underneath Windows 2006 section.

It will look about like this now:

Name (OSVR, Ones)
    Method (OSFL, 0, NotSerialized)
    {
        If (LNotEqual (OSVR, Ones))
        {
            Return (OSVR)
        }

        If (LEqual (PICM, Zero))
        {
            Store (0xAC, DBG8)
        }

        Store (One, OSVR)
        If (CondRefOf (_OSI, Local1))
        {
            If (_OSI ("Windows 2000"))
            {
                Store (0x04, OSVR)
            }

            If (_OSI ("Windows 2001"))
            {
                Store (Zero, OSVR)
            }

            If (_OSI ("Windows 2001 SP1"))
            {
                Store (Zero, OSVR)
            }

            If (_OSI ("Windows 2001 SP2"))
            {
                Store (Zero, OSVR)
            }

            If (_OSI ("Windows 2001.1"))
            {
                Store (Zero, OSVR)
            }

            If (_OSI ("Windows 2001.1 SP1"))
            {
                Store (Zero, OSVR)
            }

            If (_OSI ("Windows 2006"))
            {
                Store (Zero, OSVR)
            }

            If (_OSI ("Linux"))
            {
                Store (Zero, OSVR)
            }
        }
        Else
        {
            If (MCTH (_OS, "Microsoft Windows NT"))
            {
                Store (0x04, OSVR)
            }
            Else
            {
                If (MCTH (_OS, "Microsoft WindowsME: Millennium Edition"))
                {
                    Store (0x02, OSVR)
                }
            }
        }

        Return (OSVR)
    }

Don't recompile it yet, or this will happen:

dsdt.dsl  6379:             Acquire (MUTE, 0x03E8)
Warning  1103 -                                 ^ Possible operator timeout is ignored

dsdt.dsl  6393:             Acquire (MUTE, 0x03E8)
Warning  1103 -                                 ^ Possible operator timeout is ignored

dsdt.dsl  6408:             Acquire (MUTE, 0x03E8)
Warning  1103 -                                 ^ Possible operator timeout is ignored

dsdt.dsl  6423:             Acquire (MUTE, 0x0FFF)
Warning  1103 -                                 ^ Possible operator timeout is ignored

dsdt.dsl  6437:             Acquire (MUTE, 0x03E8)
Warning  1103 -                                 ^ Possible operator timeout is ignored

dsdt.dsl  6452:             Acquire (MUTE, 0x03E8)
Warning  1103 -                                 ^ Possible operator timeout is ignored

dsdt.dsl  6467:             Acquire (MUTE, 0x03E8)
Warning  1103 -                                 ^ Possible operator timeout is ignored

Compilation complete. 0 Errors, 7 Warnings, 0 Remarks, 77 Optimizations

These are bogus mutes that are harmless to Windows (it ignores them), but crash Linux sporadically, soooo....

Find and replace all seven occurences of Acquire (MUTE, 0x03E8) and replace with Acquire (MUTE, 0xFFFF), it appears they're trying to crash the kernel by locking a region of memory that shouldn't be locked, but without access to their source code comments, I can only speculate, this tells it to lock a memory address that is always reserved instead. ;)

Now compile it

iasl -tc dsdt.dsl

(You shouldn't get any warnings,there are any warnings or ERRORS, go find out what you did wrong!)

And install it and configure the kernel to use it:

sudo cp dsdt.aml /etc/initramfs-tools/DSDT.aml

sudo update-initramfs -c -k all

All future kernels should automatically find it there and build it.

REBOOT
--------------

This doesn't seem to help much except get rid of the suspend/resume and then reboot issue, but it appears to fix the rest, their BIOS is damned sloppy it's hard to really even tell what you're doing in there.

Use this advice at your own risk.

So there you have it!

Edit: Complained to the Federal Trade Commission

http://www.ftc.gov

Foxconn
458 E. Lambert Road Fullerton
Fullerton, CA
92835

FOXCONN PHONE NUMBER: 714-871-9968

Company sold me a computer motherboard, model G33M-S, claiming that it was compliant with ACPI versions 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0.

Linux and FreeBSD do not work with this motherboard due to it's ACPI configuration, using a disassembler program, I have found that it detects Linux specifically and points it to bad DSDT tables, thereby corrupting it's hardware support, changing this and setting the system to override the BIOS ACPI DSDT tables with a customized version that passes the Windows versions to Linux gives Linux ACPI support stated on the box, I am complaining because I feel this violates an anti-trust provision in the Microsoft settlement, I further believe that Microsoft is giving Foxconn incentives to cripple their motherboards if you try to boot to a non-Windows OS.

We have received your complaint.

Thank you for contacting the FTC. Your complaint has been entered into Consumer Sentinel, a secure online database available to thousands of civil and criminal law enforcement agencies worldwide. Your reference number is:
19642372

Edit: Full correspondence with Foxconn

Me:

ACPI issues, cannot reboot after having used suspend

Jul 22 08:37:53 ryan-pc kernel: ACPI: FACS 7FFBE000, 0040
Jul 22 08:37:53 ryan-pc kernel: ACPI: FACS 7FFBE000, 0040
Jul 22 08:37:53 ryan-pc kernel: ACPI: FACS 7FFBE000, 0040
Jul 22 08:37:53 ryan-pc kernel: ACPI: FACS 7FFBE000, 0040
Jul 22 08:37:53 ryan-pc kernel: ACPI Warning (tbutils-0217): Incorrect checksum in table [OEMB] - 70, should be 69 [20070126]

I get these messages in my system log at boot, I also fail to reboot after having used suspend in a session, it hangs and plays a continued beep on the PC speaker.

Foxconn:

Dear Ryan:

Do you get the same beep codes if you were to remove all RAM out and then turn the system ON again?

Me:

No, because then I wouldn't be able to boot into Linux, suspend to RAM, to get the ACPI failure, have syslogd pollute my /var/log/messages file with it, or read about it in my system log.

In particular, the number of quirks that the kernel has to use, and this invalid checksum are what has me nervous.

If you need me to attach the full contents of /var/log/messages, I can do so.

Foxconn:

Dear Ryan:

This board was never certified for Linux. It is only certified for Vista. See URL below. So please test under Vista. Does this issue also occured under Vista or Winxp?

http://www.foxconnchannel.com/produc...ification.aspx

Me:

Well, this is a replacement for a dead Intel board (a 945g that fully supported ACPI), Vista was never really up for consideration, and I'm not about to go buy a copy to find out.

The ACPI specs are there for a reason, and broken BIOS's like what is in this motherboard are the reason standard ACPI does not work, I've taken the liberty of filing the report in kernel.org, Red Hat, and Canonical's Ubuntu bug tracking systems, and posting the contents of my kernel error log on my blog, which is in the first several results if you Google search "Foxconn G33M" or "Foxconn G33M-s", "Foxconn Linux", etc, as well as prominently in other search formats, so hopefully this will save other people from a bad purchase, and hopefully kernel.org can work around your broken BIOS in 2.6.26, as I understand that kernel is more forgiving of poorly written BIOSes built for Windows.

I've already gotten several dozen hits on those pages, so you guys are only hurting yourselves in the long run, by using bad BIOS ROMs, as people like me are quite vocal when dealing with a bad product.

Foxconn:

Dear Ryan,

Making idle treats is not going to solve anything.

As already stated this model has not been certified under Linux nor supported.

As you are unhappy with the product- using a non-support operating system nor certified, please contact your reseller for a refund.

Me:

Yeah, well, I allege that you guys thoroughly suck.

Learn how to write a BIOS before you go selling hardware with falsified specs.

Me:

I've been debugging your AMI BIOS, and the ACPI support on it is far from within compliance with the standards, I've dumped out the debugging data into Canonical's Launchpad bug tracking system so that we may be able to support some sort of a workaround for the bad ACPI tables in your BIOS, I would hope that you will be part of the solution instead of the problem, alienating customers and telling them to go buy a copy of Windows Vista is not service, your product claims to be ACPI compliant and is not, therefore you are falsely advertising it with features it isn't capable of.

I would ask that you issue an update that doesn't make it dependent upon Windows Hardware Error Architecture, but that decision is up to you.

Please find all relevant data here:

Bug #251338 in Ubuntu: “Bad ACPI support on Foxconn G33M/G33M-S motherboards with AMI BIOS”
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+s...ux/+bug/251338

I appreciate your consideration in this matter.

-Ryan

Foxconn:

Dear Ryan,

You are incorrect in that the motherboard is not ACPI complaint. If it were not, then it would not have received Microsoft Certification for WHQL.

Refer to:
http://winqual.microsoft.com/HCL/Pro...33M-S&oid=3179

As already stated, this model has not been certified under Linux nor supported.

It has been marketed as a Microsoft Certified Motherboard for their operating systems.

Me:

I've found separate DSDT tables that the BIOS hands to Linux specifically, changing it to point to the DSDT tables Vista gets fixes all Linux issues with this board.

So while I accept that you've gotten some kind of Microsoft Certification (doesn't surprise me), that does not make your board ACPI capable, just that Windows is better at coping with glitches custom tailored to it, for this purpose.

Foxconn:

Dear Ryan,

Stop sending us these!!!

Me:

Your BIOS is actually pretty shoddy, I've taken the liberty of posting everything that's wrong with the DSDT lookup tables and how to fix some of it so the community that has already purchased your filth can make do with it, also, it's now pretty much impossible to google Foxconn and Linux in the same sentence without getting hit by the truth, that your boards aren't good enough to handle it.

Have a very nice day.

Foxconn:

Dear Ryan,

Surely this is the way to ask for us to attempt to fix something that is not supported in the first place.

Me:

Would it be so difficult? I mean really? I suppose you've never heard of building a happy customer base vs. just angering everyone that deals with your products to the point they make sure others don't make the mistake of buying them.

You know, I have several computers, and they all support any OS I want to put there, as well they should, if you can't fix the damaged BIOS you put there intentionally, can you at least put a big thing on the site that says no LInux support so people won't make the mistake of buying your stuff?

Your DSDT table looks like it was written by a first year computer science student, it is scary, I will not just shut up and go away until I feel like I've been done right, this can end up on Digg, Slashdot, filed with the FTC that you are passing bad ACPI data on to Linux specifically.

I saw you targeting Linux with an intentionally broken ACPI table, you also have one for NT and ME, a separate one for newer NT variants like 2000, XP, Vista, and 2003/2008 Server, I'm sure that if you actually wrote to Intel ACPI specs instead of whatever quirks you can get away with for 8 versions of Windows and then go to the trouble of giving a botched table to Linux (How much *is* Microsoft paying you?) it would end up working a lot better, but I have this idea you don't want it to.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=869249

While you're there, please also enjoy the entire dump, to date, of my contact with Foxconn about the problem, and how they have totally blown me off.

I've also filed a bug report with Red Hat and Canonical, and reported Foxconn to the Better Business Bureau and to the Federal Trade Commission.

Here's the bug, if you're interested:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/251338

$5 to whoever goes and finds the guy that wrote this BIOS and kicks him in the nuts?

clic en la imagen para agrandar

El de fedora es el que tengo ahora como avatar de wordpress, En un futuro no muy lejano :P espero poder agregar más y terminar los retoques, cuando los termine los subo para el que los quiera, los pueda utilizar.

Chau, sigo estudiando...

emerge -e system (excluding sys-devel/gcc)

As a baseline:

With --jobs=1 and MAKEOPTS=16, load-average=9:
real 77m54.290s
user 41m46.086s
sys 29m14.598s

Because I was skeptical of what --jobs could really do, I decided to start with small number of parallel jobs:

With --jobs=3, MAKEOPTS=16, load-average=9:
real 61m30.181s
user 42m23.398s
sys 32m32.009s

While that was running, I noticed a very significant amount of time where my cores were idle, thanks to the handy little xfce-extra/xfce4-cpugraph widget. So, I turned --jobs up again:

With --jobs=5, MAKEOPTS=16, load-average=9:
real 58m5.388s
user 42m35.721s
sys 34m46.950s

Meh, not much improvement there. Surprising, but I suspect that I may be reaching the limits of the parallelization (dependencies, etc).

With --jobs=10, MAKEOPTS=16, load-average=9:
real 58m9.824s
user 42m43.525s
sys 37m57.234s

(And actually, a quick visual scan showed load averages staying below 4. Only a few times did I see the average above 8 )

Relying solely on load-average to keep my system usable:

With --jobs=40, MAKEOPTS=40 load-average=15:
real 58m45.106s
user 43m15.129s
sys 40m47.949s

The highest load average I visually saw was 23. But my load average was mostly always greater than 4, so this means that my procs are obviously getting used more but I must have hit another bottleneck.

NOTES:
-emerge -pe system was preformed before each time trial to assume the depgraph was in cache.
-84 packages total
-no ccache/distcc running

Conclusion: 20 minutes? ~30% speedup. Wow. Good! Quite significant even. Assuming you have cores/procs to spare, go ahead and crank up those --jobs. It is nice to be able to make the ./configure step not be the bottleneck anymore. ;-) I will keep testing and see if I can get the time down even farther (although, unlikely based on the last time trial).

Test requests? Please leave a comment.

Всё описанное ниже нужно проделать на обоих ПК.

emerge distcc ccache #установим distcc и ccache

Две данные строчки появились в данной статье при помощи метода профессора Копи-Пастера:

mv /root/.ccache  /root/snafu.ccache
ln -s /var/tmp/ccache  /root/.ccache

distcc-config --set-hosts "192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2" #перечислим ip адреса серверов distcc
rc-update add distccd #
/etc/init.d/distccd restart
ccache -M 4G

nano /etc/conf.d/distccd

DISTCCD_OPTS="${DISTCCD_OPTS} --allow 192.168.0.0/24" #разрешим доступ для подсети

настроим make.conf

FEATURES="ccache distcc"
CCACHE_DIR="/var/tmp/ccache"
CCACHE_SIZE="4G" DISTCC_HOSTS="192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2"
DISTCC_DIR="/tmp/.distcc"
#DISTCC_VERBOSE="1" #раз комментировать при желании лицезреть подробный отчет о проделанной работе distcc

p.s.: источники - о ccache о distcc

Dear Ryan,

As you are unhappy with the product- using a non-support operating system nor certified, please contact your reseller for a refund.

My reply to Foxconn is this, I've also emailed them a copy:

I've been debugging your AMI BIOS, and the ACPI support on it is far from within compliance with the standards, I've dumped out the debugging data into Canonical's Launchpad bug tracking system so that we may be able to use some sort of a workaround for the bad ACPI tables in your BIOS, I would hope that you will be part of the solution instead of the problem, alienating customers and telling them to go buy a copy of Windows Vista is not service, your product claims to be ACPI compliant and is not, therefore you are falsely advertising it with features it isn't capable of.

I appreciate your consideration in this matter.

First things first: I'm going step by step.

1) Create a "local" portage overlay:

nano -w /etc/make.conf

... add the code somewhere logical:

PORTDIR="/usr/local/portage"

... like under your rsync addresses.

2) Make a path with the following directory structure for your ebuild:

mkdir -p /usr/local/portage/www-client/flock-bin

...that creates a directory to place your ebuild in.

3) Copy the latest ebuild from: http://bugs.gentoo.org/attachment.cgi?id=156141

Copy the entire contents of the ebuild and past into your favorite editor. If you're on Xfce like me it will be Mousepad or medit, gedit for Gnome, kedit for KDE.

Save the ebuild to your Desktop and name it like so:

flock-bin-1.2.1.ebuild

...now we'll copy it over to your local portage overlay...

4) cp ~/Desktop/flock-bin-1.2.1.ebuild /usr/local/portage/www-client/flock-bin/flock-bin-1.2.1.ebuild

... there that was easy!

5) Lets unmask the ebuild Open a terminal and use nano:

# nano -w /etc/portage/package.keywords

P.S. you can also use Mousepad, medit, gedit, or kedit.

6) Now that we have the file open, lets add a comment and the unmasking value:

# this is the Flock Web Browser ebuild:
=www-client/flock-bin-1.2.1 ~amd64

Note: replace "~amd64" with your arch. ex. "~x86"

7) now we must 'digest' the ebuild to prepare a Manifest and get it ready to be emerged.

ebuild /usr/local/portage/www-client/flock-bin/flock-bin-1.2.1.ebuild digest

... there that should do it!
... a Manifest will be generated!

8) Let's emerge flock-bin:

emerge -av www-client/flock-bin

... you should see the version of flock, and the option to install it. -av means "a" for ask and "v" for version.

9) Now lets make sure we don't have any pesky libstdc++5 errors by (re-)emerging app-emulation/emul-linux-x86-compat:

emerge app-emulation/emul-linux-x86-compat

Note: not necessary for non amd64 Gentoo installations from what I've read.

10) and just to be sure, lets finish off with a revdep-rebuild:

revdep-rebuild

... All done! You should now have a flock launcher, and from a terminal (to check for errors) lets open flock-bin

/opt/flock/flock

...you should have a shiny new browser named Flock! The Web 2.0 Browser. See www.flock.com for details!

11) Lets update Flock.

Go to the Menu 'Help' > 'Check for updates' and update Flock to the latest version!

12) Lets install the Flash plugin. The Getting Started page should have a puzzle piece icon for you to download the latest plugin. Click on it.

Click 'Next' then wait for the Adobe (R) Software License Agreement, click the 'I agree' radio button and 'Next' button to proceed.
Then click 'Finish' and you should have Flash content working! Yay!

13) All Done!

Durante cada oportunidad de descanso que se me presenta (vacaciones, fines de semana, días festivos, etc...) me propongo emplear mi tiempo en una actividad productiva, que casi siempre acabo evitando por diversos motivos.

La búsqueda de conocimiento me ha llevado en esta ocasión a relacionarme mas con la plataforma GNU/Linux. He decidido probar la distribución Gentoo basado en la idea equivocada de que al usarla obtendría un nivel superior ante los usuarios de las demás distribuciones y admito que mi ego se vio engrandecido al lograr una instalación funcional.

Comparando Gentoo con la distribución que emplee anteriormente (Slackware (Aunque Mario aun no lo crea :p (Slackware no es un mito :@(De nuevo mis escritos comienzan a parecerse a LISP ;))))), el nivel de soporte es mayor y aunque indudablemente no se asemeja ni a la cantidad de usuarios ni de soporte que proporcionan las distribuciones y comunidades como Ubuntu, ha resultado excelente.

Existen muchos mitos sobre el nivel de complejidad de Gentoo, sin embargo el soporte y los medios de instalación que nos ofrecen las comunidades en Internet y la misma pagina oficial de Gentoo facilitan las cosas, algunas fases de la instalación resultan un tanto confusas o demasiado generales y es en este punto donde se enfatiza su uso para usuarios con acercamientos previos a la plataforma GNU/Linux (tareas como el particionamiento de los discos o la configuracion de su kernel), sin embargo nada que alguien interesado en su uso no pueda resolver.

Recuerdo que hace tiempo influenciado bajo la popularidad que comenzaba a tener Sabayon le propuse a unos amigos que realizaran su instalación, sin embargo decidí no instalar ninguna distribución hasta poder instalar una distribución "decente" como solía clasificarlas en ese entonces (Gentoo, Slackware, Archilinux), irónicamente algunos de mis problemas de conflagración con Gentoo, los he resuelto en foros de Sabayon e incluso de Ubuntu, situación que me ha permitido comprender que el conocimiento no distingue de plataformas, kernel o idioma :p, además de que no existe una distribución mejor que otra (en el caso de GNU/Linux) y que cada distribución va de acuerdo a las necesidades, tipo de hardware y tiempo de cada usuario.

Hasta el momento he podido instalar las aplicaciones y dispositivos que empleaba tanto en Ubuntu como en Slackware, incluso la tarjeta de red inalámbrica (IPW3945) así como el dispositivo bluetooth y la Webcam, seguramente pronto encontrare algo por instalar (algo útil como Compiz Fusión ;) o algo menos útil como nasm :p), por el momento he estado probando el gcc y quizás en unos días comience a ver de que se trata Objetive-C (para ser todo un capo ;)), además de comenzar a ver a vim como una herramienta de codificación (como se explica en el blog de Casidiablo).

En unas horas viajaré a la ciudad de México D.F., quizás con un poco de suerte podré encontrarme con uno de los distribuidores de cd's de Ubuntu (ese tipo de souvernirs le gustan a Mario y a mi hermano vikingo) o con alguno de esos amigos vegetarianos que disfrutan de Ganja ,  viajar y la música reggae.

Parece ser que en esta publicación abuse del uso de paréntesis (la gramática me esta dando problemas recientemente:p) pero me pareció la mejor manera para poder explicar a grandes rasgos mi acercamiento con la plataforma GNU/Linux.

]]> http://izanbardprince.wordpress.com/?p=145 Thu, 24 Jul 2008 00:14:56 +0000 Ryan http://izanbardprince.wordpress.com/?p=145 Dear Ryan:

This board was never certified for Linux.  It is only certified for Vista.  See URL below.  So please test under Vista.  Does this issue also occured under Vista or Winxp?

http://www.foxconnchannel.com/product/Motherboards/certification.aspx

My response:

Well, this is a replacement for a dead Intel board (a 945g that fully supported ACPI), Vista was never really up for consideration, and I'm not about to go buy a copy to find out.

The ACPI specs are there for a reason, and broken BIOS's like what is in this motherboard are the reason standard ACPI does not work, I've taken the liberty of filing the report in kernel.org, Red Hat, and Canonical's Ubuntu bug tracking systems, and posting the contents of my kernel error log on my blog, which is in the top 5 results if you Google search "Foxconn G33M" or "Foxconn G33M-s", as well as prominently in other search formats, so hopefully this will save other people from a bad purchase, and hopefully kernel.org can work around your broken BIOS in 2.6.26, as I understand that kernel is more forgiving of bad motherboards built for Windows.

I've already gotten several dozen hits on those pages, so you guys are only hurting yourselves in the long run, by using bad BIOS ROMs, as people like me are quite vocal when dealing with a bad product.

Hagiology Peter Sellers

La semplice soluzione è:

gcc-config l

gentoobox mc # gcc-config -l
[1] i686-pc-linux-gnu-4.2.4
[2] i686-pc-linux-gnu-4.3.1 *

quasi sicuramente avrete un altro gcc in uno slot, nel mio caso il 4.2.4
quindi

gcc-config 1

source /etc/profile

gentoobox mc # gcc-config -l
[1] i686-pc-linux-gnu-4.2.4 *
[2] i686-pc-linux-gnu-4.3.1

eccoci pronti a compilare con gcc-4.2.4.
Ora

emerge app-emulation/virtualbox

Calculating dependencies... done!
[ebuild     U ] app-emulation/virtualbox-modules-1.6.2 [1.5.7] 249 kB
[ebuild     U ] app-emulation/virtualbox-1.6.2 [1.5.6]

e tutto compilerà regolarmente.

Al termine ripristiniamo il gcc

gcc-config 2

source /etc/profile

gentoobox mc # gcc-config -l
[1] i686-pc-linux-gnu-4.2.4
[2] i686-pc-linux-gnu-4.3.1 *

Et voilà.

Se qualcuno si chiede perchè compilarsi il OSE anzichè usare i binari,
e non ha un 486, bene continui pure a chiederselo.

Öncelikle download hızlandırma. Bizim manyak portage dosyaları indirirken wget kullanıyor farkettiyseniz. Wget'de sağlam ama ben duramadım başka bişey buldum. Axel ..
Nedir ne işe yarar açıklayayım. Efendim bu muazzam hayvan, wget tarzında konsoldan çalışan "parçalı" indirme destekli bi download programı. Ne demek parçalı? Birkaç parçaya bölüyor indireceğiniz dosyayı.
(Tabi tüm sistemi tekrar emerge ederken bu lanet özellik yüzünden internette gezemez oldum ama, neyse değer..)

Bu arkadaşı kurduktan sonra /etc/make.conf'u açıyoruz ve şu satırları ekliyoruz:

FETCHCOMMAND="/usr/bin/axel -a -o /\${DISTDIR}/\${FILE} \${URI}"
RESUMECOMMAND="/usr/bin/axel -a -o /\${DISTDIR}/\${FILE} \${URI}"

Bu sayede artık portage yapacağı indirmelerde axel kullanıyor.
Not: "Abi ben kotalıyım, bana bi yol göster" derseniz, sizi purak'ın kullandığı yönteme yönlendireyim: [link]
Bu sayede indirme oranı %90'a kadar düşüyor, deneyin..
Tabi FETCHCOMMAND parametresini sadece birisine atayabilirsiniz. Yani ya axel ya deltup..
Kolay gelsin..

Burak'ın (bundan sonra "purak" diyecem :D) şu yazısı beni blog alemine girme gazını verdi [link]

Bi de Erdal Kınacı'nın duruşması varmış. Acıdım ülkeme, yazdım bişeyler.. [başka link]

Derleyecek bişey kalmadı, Enixma'ya yazıyı erken yolladım bu ay.. Anlayacağınız sıkıntı.. Dubakalım aklımda garip garip fikirler var yine bu aralar..

ช่วงนี้ผมกำลังทดสอบ Distributed filesystem หลายตัว ซึ่งเท่าที่ดูมีหลายตัว support สิ่งที่เรียกว่า FUSE เท่าที่ดูคร่าวๆ FUSE ก็คือ Userspace filesystem นั่นเองครับ เดิมถ้าเราจะให้ Linux support filesystem ใหม่ๆ สิ่งที่เราทำได้คือ patch kernel ครับ ซึ่งนับว่าเป็นเรื่องที่ยุ่งยาก และต้องมี permission เป็น root เท่านั้นถึงจะทำได้ ถ้าหากเราต้องการสร้าง filesystem ขึ้นมาเอง เราก็ทำตาม FUSE APIs เมื่อติดตั้งแล้วเราก็เรียกใช้งานได้ทันที

ZFS ซึ่งเป็นของ Sun Microsystems เดิมทำงานได้บน Solaris Operating System แต่ก็มีคน port มาให้ทำงานได้บน Linux ด้วย features ของ ZFS นั้นยั่วยวนชวนให้ใช้มาก อย่างเช่น

• support for high storage capacities
• integration of the concepts of filesystem and volume management
• snapshots and copy-on-write clones
• on-line integrity checking and repair
• RAID-Z

จริงๆก็ยังไม่รู้ว่าแต่ละ feature มันดียังไง ไว้จะค่อยๆทดสอบเอามาลงให้ดูกันนะครับ

วิธีการก็ไม่ยากเลย เข้าไป compile kernel ใหม่

# cd /usr/src/linux
# make menuconfig

จะเห็นหน้าจอแบบนี้ ให้กดเข้าไปใน File System

จากนั้น เลือก M ที่ Filesystem in Userspace support ซึ่งหมายความว่าเราจะ compile FUSE เป็น kernel module จากนั้น save และออกมาที่ Shell

Compile kernel และ install kernel module ใหม่

# make
# make modules_install

จากนั้น mount /boot ด้วยคำสั้ง

# mount /boot

และ copy kernel image ลงไป เช่น (อย่าลอกตามทั้งหมดนะครับ ใช้ kernel ตัวไหนอยู่ก็ใช้ตัวนั้น)

# cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/kernel-2.6.24-gentoo-r4-mach

สั่งให้ load fuse module ตอน boot เครื่องโดยแก้ไขไฟล์ ด้านล่าง

# nano -w /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6

เพิ่มคำว่า fuse ลงไปที่บรรทัดสุดท้าย จากนั้นก็ save file

จากนั้น unmount /boot แล้วก็ reboot เครื่องเลย

เมื่อ boot เครื่องเรียบร้อย ลองสั่ง lsmod จะเห็นว่า module ชื่อ fuse ถูก load ขึ้นมาเรียบร้อยแล้ว

Well, eix is capable of this useful feature, just search like this:

eix -U someuseflag

I just had the SAME EXACT problem with my Gentoo install, I _whoops_ forgot to include the "-L" flag when copying /etc/resolv.conf to /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf before chrooting. After following the advice to perform the code like so:

cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf

instead of just:

cp /etc.resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf

then chrooting, verifying the ability to emerge, then subsequently rebooting and re-verifying the ability to emerge without the chroot, booting from my own hard disks, I was able to restore my ability to emerge with portage.

PHEW! Lucked out on that one. Thought I'd screwed up another install of .:{whimsy}:. but alas, I am OK, and so is my system.

On to difficult things like conquering wedge's proprietary ati-drivers install FAQ!

That will get a special post, complete with a working /etc/X11/xorg.conf for those of you with a Syntax Olevia LT27HV 720p 1280x720dpi native resolution LCD HDTV as a DVI-I monitor.

ttyl

• Un instalador actualizado y grafico.
• Mejoras al soporte del hardware.
• Nueva localizacion de carpetas.
• XFCE en el LiveCD en cambio de Gnome.
• Portage 2.1.4.4
• Kernel a 2.6.24
• Xfce 4.4.2
• gcc 4.1.2
• glibc 2.6.1

*Aun no hay LiveDVDs para las arquitecturas x86 y/o AMD64.

Fuente Oficial: http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080706-release-2008.0.xml
Web: http://www.gentoo.org

python-updater hat dann gleich mal 65 Pakete neu kompiliert um den Umstieg komplett zu machen. Mit dabei war auch OpenOffice.org, das trotz angekündigter Kompilierzeit von vier Stunden nach eineinhalb Stunden fertig war. Ein Hoch auf CCache!

Hace algunos días, rebuscando por meneame encontré una "noticia" que me impactó bastante. Ojo, el entrecomillado es porque ya ha llovido bastante desde que se publicó. Aunque la noticia no es correcta del todo, el fondo es innegable. Por supuesto, el tema ha sido tratado en Barrapunto al menos aqui y aqui, pero la pregunta sigue en el aire.

¿Hay demasiadas distribuciones Linux?
En la variedad está el gusto, si. Cada comunidad debe tener su propia distribución en su idioma, correcto. Pero, ¿no se están dilapidando demasiados esfuerzos en una secuencia interminable de distribuciones específicas? Linex, GuadaLinex, MoLinux .. etc, no las veo significativamente diferentes de las distros de las que derivan, aunque sí que es verdad que aportan aplicaciones específicas. En mi opinón, estas distribuciones ¿regionales, por comunidad autónoma, nacionales? sólo sirven para que los políticos de turno se puedan poner medallas y opcionalmente quitarselas entre ellos mientras dicen que en su comunidad tienen una versión propia de Linux y son más guays que las comunidades de otro partido, aunque no aporten demasiado valor añadido ... excepto para las empresas que hay detrás.

También está la cara B, donde la comunidad autónoma X monta un concurso público para que varias empresas compitan entre sí y alguna de ellas se embolse bastantes $$ a cuenta del contribuyente. ¿No se están diluyendo los esfuerzos demasiado?.

Ahora tenemos distribuciones por pais/estado/comunidad autónoma, organismo (universidad, entidad estatal), por sector económico ... etc. Esto no está pasando sólo en España: como mínimo en Francia pasa lo mismo en mayor o menor grado. Muchas de estas distribuciones no llegan a tener muchaa implantación, pero eso no resta valor a la medalla del político de turno. Además, muchas de estas distribuciones son clones entre sí, y ... bueno traen las aplicaciones específicas para el sector económico/organismo, un bonito tema de escritorio y la localización correcta. ¿No sería mejor partir de una base común y enfocar los esfuerzos al desarrollo de estas aplicaciones en vez de tener que rehacer todo cada vez?

Tener Linux con mil sabores está muy bien, pero no tanto cuando es a costa del bolsillo del contribuyente y no se está aportando gran cosa.

Cuando empecé a explorar Linux (léase con voz de abuelo, al estilo de "cuando yo era joven" XD), me inicié con la distribución Eurielec. Se basaba en la RedHat de la época -no recuerdo si era la 5.1- y estaba hecha por un grupo de estudiantes de la UPM. Su valor añadido: la primera en castellano. Claro, para mí era imposible iniciarme en las historias de particiones, comandos, escritorio, servidor X, rpms ... si además toda la documentación estaba en inglés. Desde aquí, mi más sincero agradecimiento a la gente que hizo Eurielec: Gracias, tios!

Eurielec si aportó valor añadido: traducir un montón de cosas a castellano, listas de distribución .. etc. La nueva ola de distribuciones sólo aportan un político sonriente declarando: "mi partido sí que apoya Linux".

Para colmo, he visto vía todosobrelinux la peligrosa tendencia de muchas distribuciones "de las de toda la vida" que están disminuyendo el número de búsquedas que realiza google. No se salva ni una: Debian, Gentoo, Slackware, SuSE, esto es una escabechina en toda regla y aunque se pueda tomar a broma, sólo hay una notable excepción: Ubuntu.

Supongo que Ubuntu se ha sabido posicionar donde tocaba: Linux para seres humanos.

Si le damos unas vueltas a google trends, podemos comprobar que Debian, RedHat, Gentoo bajan sus búsquedas día tras día, sólo Ubuntu sigue ascendiendo imparable. Y LinEx, MoLinux .. etc a duras penas existen!

Habrá que convertirse a Ubuntu? estaré obligado a hacer sudo para ir la WC? Qui lo sa!