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nykändis

aronspirelli — Mon, 21 Jul 2008 03:35:24 +0000

Linné har verkligen blivit "kändis" på nytt i coh med det jubeleum som nyligen var. Jag minns i skolan att man mest noterade att någon hade åkt omkring och samlat växter, men det är först i vuxen ålder jag förstår vilket massivt och omfattande jobb det var fråga om. Jag har tänkt att jag skall ta mig till linnémuseet i uppsala någon gång framöver och se på utställningarna.

Bli yngre

diisasvarld — Sat, 19 Jul 2008 02:12:16 +0000

När man blir allt äldre så kan små rynkor träda fram sakta men säkert och nu finns det ett sätt att slippa dem och ålderns sätt att visa sig. Med dagens uppfinningar så har man lyckats komma fram med ett sätt för att få tillbaka några år, nämligen med botox .

Ett gott nytt år

gladatony — Sun, 13 Jul 2008 00:38:32 +0000

Nu är tolvslaget passerat med råge och min födelsedag är över. Vi firade med släkt och vänner redan på fredagskvällen. Jag sa till gästerna att jag nu är i en ålder då det knappast är värt att fira att man blir ett år äldre. En av dem svarade att de gärna ville komma och visa sitt deltagande i alla fall.

Själva födelsedagen blev desto stillsammare, eftersom festen var över. Jag tillbringade en del tid vid datorn och kollade igenom alla grattis-hälsningar jag hade fått. Om man finns med både på MySpace och FaceBook får man en hel del hälsningar, både från den närmaste vänkretsen och från olika håll i världen.

Jag är fascinerad av det sättet att hålla kontakt. Jag blir varm inombords när jag får ett "Happy Birthday" från min vän M i Buenos Aires. Jag har aldrig träffat henne och kommer nog aldrig att göra det, men tycker ändå att jag känner henne rätt väl.

En vän på närmare håll skrev "Ett år klokare". Det tycker jag var bra. För visst samlar man på sig fler erfarenheter ju längre tiden går. Sen gäller det bara att använda dem på ett bra sätt och då blir man nog faktiskt lite klokare.

Jag avslutade min födelsedag med att gå och se filmen Mamma Mia med mina vänner från familjen G. En kanonrulle som fick applåder i avslutningen. Kul att se Meryl Streep i en fartfyllt och rolig roll utan en massa gråt och elände. Och vilken upplevelse att höra henne, Pierce Brosnan, Stellan Skarsgård och många andra sjunga. ABBA-låtarna står sig hur länge som helst. Björn & Benny är två av våra största musikaliska hjältar.

Mamma Mia blev en härlig avslutning på födelsedagen. Nu satsar jag på ett gott nytt år. Jag tror att goda förväntningar och ett positivt sinnelag kan locka fram det bästa ur livet. Trots att åren går.

För tidigt och för sent

gladatony — Fri, 11 Jul 2008 12:24:29 +0000

För en vecka sen idag åkte fem ungdomar i 18-årsåldern för att köpa godis. På vägen tillbaka blev de bländade av solen och råkade ut för en våldsam krock. Två dog och två blev allvarligt skadade. Två av ungdomarna var vänner till min yngsta dotter. Nu är en av dem död och en hamnade på sjukhus.

Det blev förstås en svår chock för hela kompisgänget. Ingen väntar sig att nära vänner ska dö hastigt – särskilt inte när de är i tonåren.

Det är alltid extra tragiskt med människor som möter döden alltför tidigt. En kompis till min dotter No 3 – F som var 19 år – stod stilla mitt i en skidbacke när han plötsligt föll ner och dog. Jag har aldrig varit på en sorgligare begravning. Kyrkan var fylld med gråtande ungdomar.

När någon i min närhet går bort hastigt, tänker jag framför allt på två saker. Har jag positiva relationer till folk eller har jag trampat nån på tårna, sagt något okänsligt eller skilts från någon med hårda ord? Om en vän dör är det för sent att rätta till sånt som eventuellt har gått snett. Bättre att reda ut saker och vårda sina relationer medan det finns tid.

Och så tänker jag på mig själv. Har jag gjort nåt vettigt av mina dagar? Lever jag ett positivt och kreativt liv som både jag själv och andra har glädje av? När mitt liv slutar är det något sånt jag vill se tillbaka på.

Ingen av oss vet hur långt vårt liv blir, men vi kan bestämma oss för att de dagar vi har blir så bra det bara går.

Rumpans betydelse

nonicoclolasos — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 17:01:30 +0000

Jag är ingen vän av åldrande. Jag påmindes om en av orsakerna till denna min inställning häromdagen, när jag såg ett avsnitt av Sex and the City.

I avsnittet dejtar Samantha en gammal man, Ed, som vill njuta av de sista åren med lite köpt kärlek. Diamanter är svåra att motstå... Men under en sexakt i mörker tänder Ed plötsligt en lampa och går ut naken från rummet, så Samantha får se hans rumpa. Hon springer omedelbart hem. Carrie förklarar orsaken:

"Ed’s lips were not the lips of an older man. Ed’s touch was not the touch of an older man. Unfortunately, Ed’s ass was the ass of an older man."

<- Brytpunkt

lepoop — Wed, 09 Jul 2008 09:54:53 +0000

Så har det hänt. För första gången i mitt liv kände jag mig obekväm på grund av att kläderna inte passade min ålder. Jag gick där och tänkte ”herregud, jag är ju nästan 30, såhär kan jag inte se ut” och ville helst av allt åka hem och byta om. Känns som jag har nått en brytpunkt i mitt liv. Men jag undrar då, vad är jag utan gröna leggings och plastarmband?

Hallå

boerboels — Fri, 04 Jul 2008 20:02:39 +0000

Det kom en kommentar i förra inlägget:

Hörrödu Nelson………
Åt du för mycket sill till midsommar eller var det ölen som däckade dig med???

Vid det här laget borde du iaf ha kräkts färdigt och nyktrat till och kommit med ett foto på hur du växer och hur det går på kursen (del 2)……

Eller har du samma problem som jag - din matte har helt enkelt andra prioriteringar än du???? Kanske vi skulle träffas för en powwow kring hur vi ska få våra mattar att lyssna på oss?? Eller kanske en kurs i tangentbordshantering???

Nelson här: ja jag tycker verkligen att vi borde träffas snart. Jag får inte alls den uppmärksamhet jag förtjänar! Matte springer mest runt och håller på tycker jag. Ibland sitter hon vid datorn och hur mycket jag än anstränger mig så säger hon bara något om att hon är strängt upptagen med en massa hemliga projekt. Jag får inte veta nåt nuförtiden. Suck.

Och idag så har det lagats tårtor i flera timmar. Det har vispats och rörts i köket så jag blev alldeles tokig. I ren protest så somnade jag mitt i köket så matte fick kliva över mig hela tiden. Rätt åt henne när jag inte fick smaka på härligheterna. Tydligen så ska Isabelle till kyrkan imorgon och knapra på några hårda bröd eller nåt. Jag vet inte, men jag misstänker att jag inte får följa med! Skandal. Som tur är så får jag vara hos morfar medan de andra är i kyrkan. Hehe, jag ska nog se till att få min rättmätiga uppmärksamhet då :)

På kvällen idag så bättrade sig matte iallafall och jag fick resterna av hennes glass med lime- och basilikamarinerade jordgubbar. Det var MUMS!!

The Impact of Parenting Styles on Lifespan Development

Quinn Hooks — Wed, 02 Jul 2008 17:29:07 +0000

Abstract

Today there is a great deal of research in the area of parenting styles and its impact on a person’s development. This research has shown that parenting styles will impact an individual greatly not only in his childhood but the impact carries well into adulthood. This paper will seek to evaluate the research, theories, controversies, and a biblical worldview surrounding parenting styles and their impact in the various area of a person’s development throughout the lifespan up to young adulthood. This evaluation will take place in the areas of 1) definition of styles, 2) the effects of the styles, 3) controversies in the research, and 4) a biblical view of parenting.

In counseling, parenting styles must be taken into account. The parenting style to which a person was exposed has long term impact on his lifespan development. A person must make peace with his past before his can move into the future.

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Today there is a great deal of research in the area of parenting styles and its impact on a person’s development. This paper will seek to evaluate the research, theories, controversies, and a biblical worldview surrounding parenting styles and their impact in the various area of a person’s development throughout the lifespan up to young adulthood. This evaluation will take place in the areas of 1) definition of styles, 2) the effects of the styles, 3) controversies in the research, and 4) a biblical view of parenting.

Definition of Parenting Styles

As a person comes to the research concerning parenting styles, it is evident that a debate whether there are three or four parenting styles. The point of contention is whether permissive and uninvolved are to be considered as one style or divided into two styles. In the case of this paper, four parenting styles will be considered. The reason for this distinction is the characteristics of these styles and the relationship that is fostered between children and parents with these.respective styles 6(Feldman, 2008).

The authoritarian parenting style is considered to be a restrictive style. A metaphor common to describe this style is the image of the child being treated like a “trained dog” or “stubborn donkey” (Stein, Henry, 2008). With this in mind, the authoritarian parents do not give the children the opportunity to learn from their errors (Marsiglia, Walczyk, Buboltz, & Griffith-Ross, 2007). The authoritarian parents are highly controlling and use punitive measures if the children fail to meet parental expectations. The children are not allowed to question the parents’ authority. Authoritarian parents are very involved in the lives of their children and the children’s activity as they do not want the children to fall short of parental demands and expectations. These children are given few if any choices ("Introductory Concepts: Parenting Styles…", 2007). With this in mind, it is simple to see why parents using this style have the tendency to display little warmth towards their children with warmth being defined as “degree to which parents are accepting and responsive of their children’s behavior as opposed to being unresponsive and rejecting” (Kopko, 2007). In the end, authoritarian parents may be described as being “cold, rigid, controlling, and punitive” (Feldman, 2008). With these descriptions used, it is easy to see why the authoritarian parenting style now has a negative view in Western cultures. Whereas this may be true in Western societies, the expectations in Eastern societies are different and this is the style which Eastern parents are expected to use with their children (Ang, R.P., and Goh, D.H., 2006).

The second style which will be considered is called the authoritative style. This style is described in more positive terms by researchers. One of the terms used for this style is “democratic” (Ritter, 2006). The parents using this style strive to help the children achieve independence. This is accomplished by goal achievement and activities. These parents have high demands academically and socially. These parents provide a warm and nuturing enviroment showing interest in the children. Their children are taught to make logical decisions based on verbal interactions ("Introductory Concepts: Parenting Styles…", 2007). Using this style, parents encourage discussions and debates with their child. These parents are warm and supportive (Kopko, 2007). Researchers use the image of the child as being an equal part of the family unit. The child is expected to do his share and be cooperative with family members. Also, as the child matures, he is given progressively more challenging goals. The child is expected to develop at his own pace (Stein, Henry, 2008). The children of authoritative parents are given set rules and guidelines with logical consequences if the parameters are violated. The authoritative parents have control over the children without being controling. As the children mature, these parent normally give more responsibity and freedom to the children within well defined boundaries (Finkel, Audrey, 2002).

. The third style for discussion is the permissive style. In this style, the parents are very warm but very undemanding. Children, especially teens, are allowed to make very important life decisions with little or no parental input (Kopko, 2007). There are few if any requirements on the children from these parents. For the most part, these parents refuse to take responsibility for how their children turn out. These parents show warmth towards their children giving them a great deal of freedom in their behaviors and choices ("Introductory Concepts: Parenting Styles…", 2007). The image used to describe this stage depends on the parental attitude. If the parent is over-indulgent, the child has material possessions and services poured out upon him in a flood. The parents pour out gifts and services with little regard for the child’s actual needs. On the other hand, if the parent is overly submissive, the child is placed upon a throne and the parent kowtows to his every whim. The parents are treated like slaves and the child expects all his desires to be fulfilled with little regard for others (Stein, Henry, 2008). These parents rarely make rules and the rules which are made are not consistently enforced. These rules have no clear boundaries or clear consequences if those ambiguous parameters are violated. These parents want to give their children a great deal of freedom in making choices even if the children have not matured to a point to make good decisions (Iannelli, Vince, 2004).

The fourth parenting style is known as the uninvolved parenting style. This very closely related to the permissive style as it does not place any demands upon the child. However, uninvolved parents are not warm towards their children and display an emotional detachment to the child (Kopko, 2007). The primary trait of this style is the lack of parental involvement in the child’s life. There is a great lack of communication between the child and parent. The child receives very little in the way of nurture. Whatever communication occurs infers to the child that the parent’s activities are of a greater priority then the child ("Introductory Concepts: Parenting Styles…", 2007). At best, the parent only sees his role as providing for the basic needs of the child. In more extreme cases, it can result in child neglect which is a form of child abuse (Feldman, 2008).

Impact of Parenting Styles

All research indicates that parents and their impact on children last throughout the child’s life. The impact carries well into adulthood affecting such decisions as career choice, friendships, and marriage partners. Recent research reaffirms earlier findings that the most crucial time in the child’s development is the early years. Parenting styles have been linked to the child’s social development as well as emotional development. In the early childhood years, it is necessary for there to be responsiveness from the parent so that a mutually beneficial and responsive relationship may emerge between parent and child. This is necessary if a child is to be compliant and have a moral compass ("Introductory Concepts: Parenting Styles…", 2007). This is true of children of authoritative parents. The results of an authoritative parenting are children who are secure in their love. They develop their strengths as they meet challenges and overcome obstacles. They learn to find satisfaction in goal achievement and job satisfaction. These children are not afraid of failure and are willing to meet challenges as they arise (Stein, Henry, 2008). Research has also indicated that children of authoritative parents have fewer behavioral issues and generally have fewer mental health issues. This parenting style has shown to promote positive self esteem. From Erikson’s stage theory of psychosocial development point of view, these children experience greater psychosocial success as they resolve the crisis they encounter in each development stage (Marsiglia, et al., 2007). Another benefit of the authoritative parenting style is that it seeks to lessen anger in the child by giving the child consistent rules and logical disciplinary actions. Discipline is seen as being a corrective action whereas punishment is controlling behavior. Consistency in discipline is achieved when the parent knows his convictions, communicates with child and spouse, holds emotions in check when administrating discipline, and be honest with the child. This transparency and consistency will have the impact of lessening the child’s anger (Cross, Roger, 2007).

The authoritarian parent style has been found to have many negative impacts upon childhood development. There are usually three responses from the child to authoritarian parenting. The first response may be called submission in which the child seeks to obey the parent and maintain the peace. This child never questions direction. The second response is open rebellion by the child resulting in open defiance. This child will verbally refuse to follow directions. The third response may be called dawdling in which the child is obedient in following directions but shows his rebellion by being slow to respond to the direction. In this response, the child is slow to complete tasks and achieve goals (Stein, Henry, 2008). These children were moderately successful in school with little or no behavioral problems but they had poor social skills, lower self esteem, higher levels of depression, more aggression among boys, less independence for the girls, greater discontentment, and lower intrinsic motivation (Marsiglia, et al., 2007).

As mentioned earlier, the permissive parenting style manifests itself in one of two ways. In the first manner, the permissive parent is over-indulgent. This results in a child who is bored and lacks drive. This child shows no or little initiative and spontaneity since he expects everything to be brought to him. His view of adults is skewed in that he sees them only as servants meant to provide for his pleasure. On the other hand, the over-submissive parents have children who are very demanding. When these demands are not met, these children will have tantrums to get their way. They are self-centered and have no sense of boundaries (Stein, Henry, 2008).

The uninvolved parent has children who lack the ability to form close relationships. These children usually consider themselves to be loners who see the world as being against them. Sadly, to compensate for the lack of parental responsiveness, these children have a tendency to create an idealized image of the parent that views him as a superhuman or deity. These children do not show self control and lack the ability to handle freedom ("Introductory Concepts: Parenting Styles…", 2007).

As the child matures and enters in adolescence, these parenting styles impact the them. According to research, authoritative parents have children who are socially competent and able to make friends. They are successful in school and develop a healthy self image ("Introductory Concepts: Parenting Styles…", 2007). This style gives the adolescent a healthy environment that is supportive and affectionate with the proper amount of parental control to guide the adolescent’s decisions as he encounters new challenges and crisis (Kopko, 2007).

Research indicates that the results for the other parenting styles in adolescents is not as glowing. The authoritarian parents have adolescents who have problems with low self-esteem and socialization. Complicating this socialization is the perception by others of them being moody and withdrawn. They have anxiety in dealing with new situations. Permissive parents produce adolescents who are creative but have problems with self control and rules. They perceive that their parents do not care about them or their behaviors. Uninvolved parents have adolescents who are at a higher risk for deviant behavior. Drug abuse is higher among this population (Horner, Becky, 2001). A far more disturbing development for these adolescents is that the parents use increased force to ensure compliance from the adolescence. In return, the adolescent responds in like manner towards the parents showing more aggressive behavior ("Introductory Concepts: Parenting Styles…", 2007).

The impact of parenting styles continues into early adulthood. It is interesting that research shows that boys who were exposed to authoritarian parenting style are more aggressive while girls are less independent. Both genders are more likely to be extrinsically motivated. They have continued problems with social skills, are resistant to deadlines and guidelines. They may view sex and marriage as more of a duty to be carried out because that is what is expected of them (Stein, Henry, 2008).

The adult who experienced a permissive parenting style with over-indulgent tendencies show an attitude of expecting others to meet their needs and desires. Therefore, they seek partners who indulge their desires and fantasies. The over-submissive, on the other hand, seeks a servant to wait upon him. He is self-centered, inconsiderate, and rude. He expects high praise even for modest endeavors. Adults from permissive families have a higher incidence of problem behaviors and addicts. Their academic performance is lower but their self-esteem is higher, suffering lower levels of depression, and is better at socialization when compared to adults coming from authoritarian families (Marsiglia, et al., 2007).

Adults who come from an authoritative family are found to be well adjusted with social skills and high self-esteem. They exhibit the qualities being autonomous with the skills necessary for success in life. These adults are found to be well adjusted, well organized, deal with conflict positively, seek self improvement, seek a consensus on decisions, and are able to form friendships (Kerka, Sandra, 2004).

Controversies in the Research

With this research has come controversy about the methods used. Those who favor the nurture theories concerning the impact of parenting style have focused too much on the impact and outcome of the styles while neglecting the genetic component. However, those who argue the significance of nature are critized for focusing solely upon the genetic factors in the children while ignoring the home enviroment (Kopko, 2007).

Earlier research was critized for it lack of taking cultural influences into account. The authoritative parenting style is dominant among Whites, the same does not hold true among minority families. Research has shown that the authoritarian style is more common among minority parents (Kopko, 2007). Researchers have pointed out that authoritative parenting style is a Western European creation from the cultural expectations concerning parent-child interaction.

In Eastern cultures, this model does not hold true. For instance, Asian American parents place a high emphasis upon academic achievement and seek to accomplish this goal thorough a parenting style refered to as “training”. Researcher point out that where European Americans consider parent-child relations as a priority, Asian Americans “emphasize the importance of hard work, self-discipline, and obediance” (Chao, Ruth, 2001).

Recent studies have shown in some cases that the authoritative style was more beneficial for European American youth then Asian American youth. It was found that the authoritarian style more effective for the Asian American youth. It seems that parenting style results are not consistent factor in academic success for Asian Americans. Other results from other studies were not conclusive. It can be argued that parenting style is a reflection of the society as it is a mirror of how family members are expected to interact in that society. In Chinese culture, hard work is prized more than affectionate displays. Self discipline is expected more than verbal affirmations of affection. In a study done in 2001, it was shown that Chinese American youth who had authoritative parents did not fare better in school than those who had authoritarian parents whereas European American youth in authoritative settings did much better than those who were in authoritarian settings (Chao, Ruth, 2001). A criticism of this groundbreaking research was that it failed to take into account the individual student’s attitude towards school and teachers. It has been shown many times that the comfort level of students with teachers and the educational setting impacts academic results (Ang, R.P. & Goh, D.H., 2006).

It is interesting to note recent research that studied the effects cross over cultural barriers to affect all children the same way though not to the same degree. Research into parenting styles has been prone to the nature versus nurture debate. However, researchers in each camp have put too much emphasis on one aspect to the detriment of the other (Kopko, 2007). With this in mind, the University of Illinois recently completed a study of 806 American and Chinese children living in authoritarian homes. The results were astounding. They found that the authoritarian parenting style had the same damaging effects on both American and Chinese children (Yates, 2007).

A study was done of 1456 Spanish adolescents of whom 54.3% were female. Their parents were classified according to their parenting style. The teens were appraised based on their self-transcendence and self-esteem. It was found that teens with permissive parents were found to have a higher self-esteem than authoritarian households. The goal of parental socialization is for the adolescent not only to learn the values of the parents but the internalization of those values as well as the development of the adolescent’s self-esteem. Self-esteem must be a goal as low self-esteem will hamper the internalization of parental values. In the end, this study showed that Spanish adolescents in permissive homes had high self esteem (Martinez, Isabel, & Garcia, Jose Fernando, 2007).

A Biblical View of Parenting

The Bible has much to say in regards to child rearing and parental style. One of the more popular clichés is “spare the rod and spoil the child” which not exactly what the text says. People have used this cliché to authorize child abuse but that is not what Solomon wrote. Rather, the Bible says, “He who spares the rod hates his son, but he who loves him is careful to discipline him” (Proverbs 13:24, New International Version). Due to original sin, children are in need of boundaries. Romans 5:19 says, “For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous” (NIV). God’s Law itself establishes boundaries for believers. In fact, the Fifth Commandment which deals with how children are to treat their parents is the first commandment with a promise. The laws and regulations in Leviticus and Deuteronomy come with a promise that observance of them would keep the Israelites from suffering the same illnesses and diseases of the Egyptians.

The idea of discipline means to set boundaries or parameters with reasonable consequences for their violation. The ideas concerning the philosophy surrounding discipline has been described as a pendulum that swings from one extreme to other. At one end of this pendulum is domination and control while at the other is permissiveness (Dobson, Jam, 1970/1992). Discipline is meant to establish boundaries with logical consequences for violating these boundaries. This concept of discipline as boundaries with logical consequences is further seen in Paul’s writings where he says, “Fathers, do not exasperate your children; instead, bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord” (Ephesians 6:4, NIV). This is clearly an admonition against the authoritarian parenting style dominant in the first century Roman Empire. Paul further mentioned this concept when he writes, “Fathers, do not embitter your children, or they will become discouraged” (Colossians 3:21, NIV). The authoritative parenting style best accomplishes this goal.

Solomon also writes, “Train a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not turn from it” (Proverbs 22:6, NIV). This word “train” gives the idea in the Hebrew of starting a child on the right path which parents are supposed to do. The word “way” is special in its usage because in Hebrew it means “bent.” This word is also used in the “way of the eagle” and the “way” of a man with a maid. The parent is to see the bent or talents of his child and lead him in that direction so they may take to the way of the eagle and fly high. The Bible tells us that children are “like arrows in the hands of a warrior are sons born in one's youth” (Psalms 127:4, NIV). If reared under the right circumstances, children will fly straight and true.

Modern research is now proving what the Bible has always said to be true. Parenting style has a great impact upon the development of the individual’s behavioral control, autonomy, and his mental health. In dealing with people with mental health issues, the home life must be considered. To fully understand a person’s development and current situation, the parenting style of their parents must be taken into account. To bring peace to their mental health, they must have peace with their past.

Also, parenting style has a theological impact in that it has the potential to skew one’s concept of God as our Heavenly Father. A tainted view of one’s earthly father will in most cases lead to a tainted misunderstanding of our Heavenly Father. Dr. James Dobson (1970/1992) points this out in his personal life as he came to this realization one day with his own children. He uses a story from his personal life to illustrate this point. When his son was very young, Dr. Dobson always took the responsibility for prayer at meal time and family devotion time. Once, when he went on a trip for an engagement, his wife asked the son to say the blessing at breakfast. The little boy earnestly prayed to God, “I love you, Daddy!” (Dobson, James, 1970/1992). He points out that children identify their parents with God.

Conclusion

There is exciting research being done in the area of parenting styles. A great deal more research will be needed in the area of parenting styles and its impact on a person’s development. It is a challenge to evaluate the research, theories, controversies surrounding parenting styles and their impact in the various area of a person’s development throughout the lifespan up to young adulthood.

These four styles are the authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved. The authoritarian is very restrictive and very controlling resulting in children who have low self esteem and moderate academic success. The authoritative is very democratic as the parents seek to develop the child full potential. The permissive is very warm but seeks to cater to the child which results in a reduction in socialization skills. The uninvolved parent is not involved in the child’s life and in worst case scenarios, it results in emotional abuse. Children with uninvolved parents are more likely to engage in problem behaviors.

There continues to rage a debate between nature and nurture but this can be resolved with more careful research. The research in the area in cultural expectations is already producing fruitful results. As this data is gathered, it will further the understanding of the impact of parenting styles on children’s development helping parents in the future to help their children fully realize their potential as individuals.

A careful study of Scriptures shows that the authoritative parenting style is favored. In the past, the Bible was used to condone physical abuse with the taking of Scripture out of context. God lays out the principle of boundaries and consequences for violating those boundaries. Parents are to guide their children in a warm, nurturing environment so that once the children reaches adulthood, he may fly in the way of the eagle.

References

Ang, R.P., and Goh, D.H. (2006). Authoritarian Parenting Style in Asian Societies: A Cluster Analytic Investigation. Comtemporary Family Therapy, 28(1), 131-151.

Feldman, Robert S. (2008). Development Across the Life Span (fifth ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Kopko, Kimberly. (2007). Parenting Styles and Adolescents. Retrieved June 13, 2008 from http://www.parenting.cit.cornell.edu/Parenting%20Styles%20and%20Adolescents.pdf

Marsiglia, C., Walczyk, J., Buboltz, W., & Griffith-Ross, D. (2007). Impact of Parenting Styles and Locus of Control on Emerging Adults Psychosocial Success [Electronic version]. Journal of Education and Human Development, 1(1). 1-13. Retrieved June 13, 2008 from http://www.scientificjournals.org/journals2007/articles/1031.htm

Ritter, Ellen Neiley. (March 27, 2006). The Impact of Parenting Styles. Retrieved June 13, 2008 from http://www.articlecity.com/articles/parenting/article_997.shtml

Yates, Diana. (August 14, 2007). Study Shows Parenting Styles Have Similar Effects in China and U.S. News Bureau: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1-3. Retrieved June 13, 2008 from http://www.news.uiuc.edu/news/07/0914parenting.html

Dobson, James. (1992). The New Dare to Discipline (2nd ed.). Carol Stream, Il: Tyndale. (Original work published 1970) 6

Martinez, Isabel, & Garcia, Jose Fernando. (2007). Impact of Parenting Styles on Adolescents' Self-Esteem and Internalization of Values in Spain. The Spanish Journal of Pyschology, 10(2), 338-348.

Chao, Ruth K. (December 2001). Extending Research on the Consequences of Parenting Style for Chinese Americans and European Americans. Child Development, 72(6), 1832-1843.

Kerka, Sandra. (2004). Parenting and Career Development. ERIC Digest. Retrieved June 25, 2008 from http://www.ericdigests.org/2001-1/career.html

Horner, Becky. (April 16, 2001). Adolescence: Change and Continuity (Adolescence: Family Influences). Retrieved June 24, 2008, from Pennsylvania State University Web site: http://www.oberlin.edu/faculty/ndarling.adfamb1.htm

Cross, Roger. (2007). How We Make Our Kids Angry: Suggestions for Parents Who Want to Change. Downers Grove, Il: Inter Varsity Press, 74-77.

Iannelli, Vincent. (December 13, 2004). Parenting Tips. In Parenting Styles. Retrieved July 1, 2008 from http://pediatrics.about.com/od/infantparentingtips/a/04_pntg_styles.htm

Finkel, Audrey. (2002). Children: Parenting/Discpline. In All About the Authoritative Parenting Style. Retrieved July 1, 2008 from http://www.essortment.com/all/authoritativepa_tvxe.htm

Lessons in Learning: Parenting Styles, Behaviour, and Skills, and Their Impact on Young Children Ottawa, Canada: December 13, 2007. Canadian Council on Learning

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Stein, Henry T. (2008). Impact of Parenting Styles on Children San Francisco, CA: Alfred Alder Institutes of San Francisco & Northwestern Washington, Distance Training in Classic Adlerian Psychology. Retrieved on June 25, 2008 from http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/hstein/parentin.htm

Bra att Ryssland vann

nonicoclolasos — Wed, 18 Jun 2008 20:54:15 +0000

Ryss land slog ut Sver ige ur E M . Jag blev glad av fyra skäl:

1. Ryssland har EM:s yngsta lag (26,17 år), Sverige har det äldsta (29,17 år). Lagens genomsnittsålder:

Som Lord Henry Wotton uttrycker det:

"Youth! Youth! There is absolutely nothing in the world but youth!"

2. Det finns många fler ryssar än svenskar, och eftersom sportnationalismen florerar såväl här som där innebär det att många fler blev lyckliga av att Ryssland vann. Lyckomaximering!

3. Jag står inte ut med alla kollektivistiska sportnationalister i blågula tröjor som springer runt på stan.

4. Jahve struntade i "EM-prästen" Ingos böner. Ho ho.

Höjdare hänger inte med

nonicoclolasos — Sat, 14 Jun 2008 15:45:37 +0000

Jag har flera gånger förvånats över hur okunniga många höjdare verkar vara när det gäller ny teknik. Toppolitiker, direktörer och professorer tycks i oväntat många fall leva kvar i en sekreterar-era, där de slapp lära sig maskinskrivning och att hantera sina egna kontakter. På sin höjd verkar de kunna faxa. (Gentlemen, let me tell you, the fax is passé.)

Tony Blair är på väg att lära sig, i alla fall:

"My computer skills are there, they're limited, but I now do emails, I use my computer and my Blackberry. ... I can type a one or two line message in less than half an hour."

Kanske är detta ett 40-talistproblem. Vem född senare än så skulle stå ut med att inte kunna skriva själv, söka information själv och hantera e-post själv?

kattmat

stensomstrommar — Thu, 12 Jun 2008 22:09:14 +0000

Var i affären idag och skulle handla kattmat. Det är sjukt vad dom små söta djuren växer snabbt. Jag bytade mat till kisen idag från junior till senior. Hon har blivit en stor kise nu som behöver lite mer mat än förr. Men det är hon alltid värd. Söta är dom.

Mmm..

Mia — Tue, 10 Jun 2008 17:00:42 +0000

... läste Dominika nyss. *ler*

Sprutor i all ära, men ett skratt gör faktiskt också susen. Ni vet.. det där med utstrålning. Färska bilder från i söndags och måndags kväll. *pekar på bilderna till höger och nedan*

Önskar det mesta i livet var lika enkelt som ett par bilder att plåta.

Inte jag, men någon annan har det ruskigt tufft just nu, och jag önskar att det var något jag kunde göra. Men... just nu är det bara att vara nära och avvakta. Saker och ting går inte så fort och jag finns där i morgon med. För att fånga upp...

Andelen unga minskar

nonicoclolasos — Mon, 09 Jun 2008 13:24:29 +0000

För oss som uppskattar unga människor, inte bara för att de betalar skatt när vi blir gamla utan också för deras energi, innovativa tänkande och skönhet, är det nedslående att betrakta nedanstående diagram över andelen i befolkningen under 20 år.* Pensionärernas andel tilltar istället. Energins, innovationskraftens och skönhetens avtagande utgör ytterligare en kostnad av den demografiska transformationen, utöver den rent fiskala.

____________________________

*Det är hämtat ur Figur 3 i en uppsats av Martin Flodén.

En fin låt

madonnan — Wed, 28 May 2008 20:38:22 +0000

...att lyssna på; till dig.

Läs även andra bloggares åsikter om madonnan, musik, katie melua, livet, tankar, ålder

hvorfor skulle jeg ikke vite?

Siri — Wed, 28 May 2008 13:13:33 +0000

Kunder er rare. Noen ganger gjør de deg kjempeglad, en kommentar kan bringe glede for resten av dagen. Noen ganger får du også en dårlig følelse. Selv om du ikke hadde noe med det å gjøre. Andre ganger blir du stående igjen som et spørsmålstegn.

Jeg vet ikke om det var fordi jeg er jente, fordi jeg er ung, eller kanskje det var en kombinasjon av dette. Men da jeg spurte en dame her om dagen om hun trengte hjelp, sa hun: "åh, jeg venter heller til han der (mann, 50+) blir ferdig, jeg, for jeg har noen spørsmål om maling." Javel, tenkte jeg, hun kan vel få stå der og vente om hun vil.. Kanskje det var noe veldig innvikla hun hadde tenkt å spørre om. Eller kanskje hun kjente kollegaen min. Hva vet vel jeg? Jeg skal ikke krangle, jeg!

Men kollegaen min som sto og slo på kassa ved siden av overhørte dette, og sa til kunden: "vel, jenta kan jo omtrent like mye om maling som meg, så det er vel ikke noe problem å spørre henne heller..?"

Dama rødma og unnskyldte seg. Og jeg hjalp henne med noe så simpelt som murmaling.

Hvordan skal jeg tolke det? Fordi jeg er jente, så vet jeg sikkert ikke så mye om maling? Fordi jeg bare er 21 år, så kan jeg sikkert ikke blande maling? Jeg står jo der i butikken, gjør jeg ikke? For alt du vet kan jeg vel ha vokst opp i en fargehandel? Og hvis det er et spørsmål jeg ikke kan svare på, tror dere ikke jeg forsøker å finne svaret, ved f.eks å spørre noen av de andre som vet?

Og hvorfor går de fleste kundene konsekvent bort til den ferske ekstrahjelpen (gutt ja) på 16 år, istedenfor å spørre meg?

Den åldrige McCain

nonicoclolasos — Sat, 24 May 2008 11:52:30 +0000

Ett av de starkaste argumenten mot John McCain är hans höga ålder. Klarar en så gammal man av världens mest krävande jobb, kroppsligt och mentalt?

Även om McCain kommer att vara fysiskt frisk under mandatperioden, vilket är långt ifrån säkert, finns stor risk för långsammare tankeförmåga. Det finns rent allmänt något i ett gammalt sinnelag som jag finner motbjudande. När McCain lyfter fram sin "erfarenhet" tänker jag på att hans världsbild formades för mycket länge sedan och att han sannolikt inte har förmåga att tänka nytt och flexibelt. De flesta äldre som jag har kommit i kontakt med tror att de är så intressanta — de har ju "erfarenhet". Det är ett annat sätt att säga att man repeterar det som man kom fram till för femtio år sedan. Om och om igen. Ad nauseam.

Ingen förnekar att viss erfarenhet är bra — därför måste man vara 35 år för att kunna bli USA:s president. Men personer som har lagom mycket erfarenhet behöver inte tala om erfarenhet som tillgång — det gör bara de som har för mycket därav.

Se tidigare inlägg om ungdomens primat och åldrandets tragik.

Uppdatering: PJ tycks inte hålla med.

Oh boy!

gladatony — Sat, 24 May 2008 02:11:00 +0000

Nu har det hänt! Jag har blivit morfar igen. Dubbelmorfar. Min dotter Elin och hennes Richard har fått en liten pojke, så nu har de en av varje sort.

Själva tanken på att vara morfar får mig att känna mig uråldrig. Typ hundra år eller så. Men det glömde jag snabbt när jag fick det glada telefonsamtalet för en stund sen. Född 23 maj kl 23.42. Längd: 50 cm. Vikt: 3.750 g.

Den glada nyheten får mig att tänka på att livet är något fantastiskt och underbart. Den här nya lilla människan som är så liten och hjälplös nu, kommer ganska snart visa att han har en egen vilja. Han kommer att överraska oss med sin unika personlighet, sina känslor, åsikter och talanger. Det är inget annat än ett mirakel, när man tänker efter.

Så här skrev ett litet barn i sin skrivbok i skolan: "Min lillebror är bara tre månader. Han kan inte gå än, men han har redan fått fötter!".

Ja, tänk att livet fungerar på ett så finurligt och smart sätt. Man borde spritta av glädje varenda dag. Wow! Oh boy! Hipp hurra!

Nordgren ser han ut som 23?

alexgbg — Fri, 23 May 2008 13:49:58 +0000

En ung kvinna i Alexanders ålder blev idag svårt chockad när han sa att han bara var 19 år. Hon trodde han var minst 23 och blev mäkta förvånad över hans ringa ålder. Alexander säger i en kommentar, "Kanske ser jag äldre ut än vad jag är, kanske ser jag yngre ut, alla verkar tycka olika. Oavsett så är jag fortfarande närmare 30 än 40 och de är det viktigaste".

Tyck till! Hur gammal tycker ni egentligen Nordgren verkar vara?